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Types of Fire Extinguishers- A complete guide
- 1. TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Made by Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 2. WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER Filled by water up to the mark inside, then pressurized with CO2. 5 Handle Water Syphon Tube CO2 cartridge Hose Pressure Gauge Safety pin Used on Class A fire Made up of Solid drawn steel and internally Zinc coated Cools the fire to below ignition temperature. Force will last 2 minutes and can reach 40 ft distance. Pressure is stored in gas cartridges inside the cylinder Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 3. DRY CHEMICAL POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER Used on all Classes of fires. Force will last for 2 minutes and can reach 10-15 ft distance. Dry powder extinguisher contains sodium bicarbonate powder in the outer container. A small container with carbon dioxide is placed beneath the plunger mechanism. When the plunger is pushed, it releases the CO2 gas, which in turn forces the dry powder out of the discharge nozzle. Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 4. FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER The construction of this type of extinguisher is the same as that of C02 Gas expelled type of water type extinguisher. Instead of water, it contains foam compound mixed in water in the ratio mentioned by the supplier Force will last for 2.5 minutes and can reach 20 ft distance. Used on Class A and B fires. Composition: Aqueous Film Forming Foam= 97% Water=3% Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 5. CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER Used on Classes A, B, C fires. Ideal for electrical fires. Force lasts for 15 seconds only and not suitable for distant fires. CO2 is stored in liquid form under pressure. A central tube acts as an outlet for carbon dioxide gas. A plunger attached to a burning disc at one end and a trigger at the other is used to release carbon dioxide gas. The liquid changes to gas as it comes out of the extinguisher through a hose. CO2 Vapour High Pressure Cylinder CO2 Liquid Dip Tube Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 6. WET CHEMICAL FIRE EXTINGUISHER The chemical element used is Potassium It can reach 15 ft distance. Used on Class F fires. The mist is fine to not spread the burning oil and works to create a cooling effect and smother the fire Potassium salts are created as a fine mist that is sprayed out and then causes a reaction so that a soapy layer is formed on the surface of the fire. Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 7. WATER MIST FIRE EXTINGUISHER Used on Classes A, B, C and electrically induced and electrically induced fires. Contains and discharges deionized water in a spray that forms a fine mist curtain. The fine mist particles blanket the oxygen feeding the fire and also provide the cooling effect thereby extinguishing the fire. It can reach 15 m distance. Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 8. CLASS D FIRES Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem When the fire involves burning metals like It becomes even more important to consider the energy release. Putting water on such a fire will result in the fire getting hotter or even exploding because the metals react with water in an exothermic reaction. The metals react faster with than with and thereby releasing more energy Therefore inert agents like dry sand must be used to break the chain reaction of metallic combustion.
- 9. CLASS D FIRE EXTINGUISHER There are several Class D fire extinguisher agents available, some will handle multiple types of metals but others will not. Sodium Chloride Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem Copper Based Graphite based Sodium Carbonate Based
- 10. SODIUM CHLORIDE Contains sodium chloride salt and thermoplastic additive. Useful on most alkali metals such as Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem Plastic melts to form an oxygen excluding crust over the metal and the salt dissipates heat. COPPER BASED Developed by US Navy in the 70's Powder smothers and acts as a heat sink to dissipate heat. Used for hard to control lithium and lithium alloy fires. Also form a copper-lithium alloy on the surface which is non- combustible and cuts off the oxygen supply
- 11. Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem SODIUM CARBONATE BASED Used where stainless steel piping and equipment could be damaged by sodium chloride based agents Control sodium, potassium and sodium potassium alloy fires. Limited use on other metals Smothers and forms a crust. GRAPHITE BASED Contains dry graphite. First type developed and designed for Magnesium, works on other metals as well. Unlike sodium chloride extinguishers it can be used on very hot burning metals such as lithium Unlike copper powder extinguishers it will not stick to and extinguish flowing or vertical lithium fires.
- 12. LITHIUM ION FIRE EXTINGUISHER The dangers of lithium-ion battery fires are with the electrolyte solution in the batteries rather than the lithium salts they contain. Lithium-ion battery fires can often build in intensity as they burn (a process known as thermal runaway) and will easily re-ignite if not tackled with a suitable solution. Each battery utilises a different electrolyte solution but many contain fluoride which becomes the highly toxic gas hydrogen fluoride (HF) when vapourised. Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 13. LITHIUM ION FIRE EXTINGUISHER Contain Aqueous Vermiculite Dispersion (AVD), a revolutionary fire extinguishing agent. The Vermiculite film is not electrically conductive. The water content of the extinguisher cools the fire source, while the Vermiculite platelets encapsulate the fuel source, creating a thermal barrier to prevent propagation of the fire. AVD is nearly twice as effective as water on a Class A fire and is environmentally friendly. Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem
- 14. THANK YOU! Shifana Ottathaikal Kareem Created by: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shifana-ok Icons from: Flaticon and Iconfinder