4. Natural Ponds and Lakes
• Ponds and lakes of fresh
water.
Example: The Great Lakes in
east-central North America.
5. The
natural
aquatic
ecosyste
ms are:
Natural Ponds and Lakes: Ponds and lakes of
fresh water.
Example: The Great Lakes in east-central North
America.
Natural Rivers and Streams: Rivers and streams
containing fresh water. Example: The Nile River in
Africa, one of the longest rivers in the world.
Natural Seas and Oceans: It is divided into five
ocean basins: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic,
and Southern oceans.
6. The natural
aquatic
ecosystems
are:
Natural Wetlands: Wetlands are shallow
bodies of water such as bogs, marshes,
swamps and mudflats. Water flow is steady
in freshwater wetlands. They provide habitat
for many plants and animals. Example: the
BolsaChica Ecological Reserve in Orange
County, California.
Coral Reefs: Coral reefs exist in shallow parts
of some tropical oceans. These reefs are
made of calcified remains from coral
animals, build up over time and provide
habitat for many underwater species.
Example: The Great Barrier Reef of Australia.
7. Terrestrial
Ecosyste
ms (Land-
based)
Forest –This ecosystem consists of dense trees
and an abundance of plant species.
Desert – This ecosystem is marked by extremely
low rainfall, not necessarily a hot climate.
Grassland – This ecosystem includes an almost
continuous cover of grasses but not many taller
plants.
Mountain – This ecosystem features steep
elevation changes in the terrain.
9. 1. Tropical
Rainforest
Ecosystems
• The tropical rainforest are
found near the equator,
between the tropics.
These are the regions that
experience very high
annual rainfall and are
characterized by high
average temperatures.
The areas also have high
humidity that is lower in
the dry season compared
to the wet seasons.
11. 3. Temperate Forest
Ecosystem
• The temperate forest ecosystems primarily
include the temperate coniferous forests,
which are evergreen and the temperate
deciduous forests – the trees that lose their
leaves each year. These natural ecosystems
are mainly found between the tropics and in
the Polar Regions. Their trees are wide
leafed, large and tall. The major trees in
these forests are maple, oak, redwood, ash,
birch, pine and beech. The areas have less
undergrowth. The temperate rainforest
experience moderate rainfall and dense
humidity with mild winters.
13. 5. Shrubland
Ecosystem
• Shrubland ecosystems are as
well-known as scrubland since
they are dominated by low
shrubs. The ecosystem occurs
as a result of a transitional plant
community between regions or
may also occur after a
disturbance of a forest because
of natural or wildfires. Other
interacting factors leading to
the formation of shrublands
include nutrient-poor soils,
aridity or drought.
14. 6. Lentic Ecosystems
• These are the still water ecosystems. Lakes
and the seas are good examples, but they
can range from ponds to lagoons to vast
oceans. These ecosystems have three
regions. They include the open water zone,
deep bottom regions not exposed to light,
and the bottom and shore regions, each with
different conditions. Therefore, they host
species specifically adapted to live in the
regions, forming layers of different
ecosystems.
16. 8. Grassland Ecosystem
• Grassland ecosystem include the temperate grasslands and
the tropical savannahs. The soil of the temperate grassland is
deep and dark with fertile upper layers, which is good for
supporting plant growth. Savannahs, on the other hand, are
found in warm and hot climates where the annual rainfall is
very low.
17. 9. Littoral Ecosystems
• These ecosystems are common at the shores of lakes, rivers
and seas. They are sometimes referred to as the intertidal
zone, where the effects of tides are minimal. The availability
of water in these ecosystems enables a greater variety of
plant and animal life and the formation of extensive wetlands.
19. Lentic Features
• A lentic ecosystem entails a body of
standing water, ranging from ditches,
seeps, ponds, seasonal pools, basin
marshes and lakes. Deeper waters,
such as lakes, may have layers of
ecosystems, influenced by light.
Ponds, due to their having more light
penetration, are able to support a
diverse range of water plants.
20. Lotic Features
• A lotic ecosystem can be any
kind of moving water, such as a
run, creek, brook, river, spring,
channel or stream. The water
in a lotic ecosystem, from
source to mouth, must have
atmospheric gases, turbidity,
longitudinal temperature
gradation and material
dissolved in it.
