Transformative Education โดย ศ.นพ.วิจารณ์ พานิช โครงการ Pearls in Medical Education 2567 ในวันที่ ๑๐ มกราคม ๒๕๖๗ จัดโดย ศูนย์ความเป็นเลิศด้านการศึกษาวิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล

1. Transformative
Education
วิจารณ์ พานิช
ศิริราช ๗๑/๒๕๐๙
สำหรับโรงเรียน
แพทย์
เสนอใน โครงการ Pearls in Medical Education ประจาปี 2567 หัวข ้อ “Transformative education” ในวันพุธที่ 10 มกราคม
พ.ศ. 2567 เวลา 14.00 – 16.00 น. ณ ห ้องประชุมสิรินธร ชั้น G อาคารเฉลิมพระเกียรติ คณะแพทยศาสตร์ศิริราชพยาบาล

2. What is transformative
education? What are
differences from
conventional education?

3. Transformative Education
คืออะไร : Chat GPT
Transformative education is an approach to
learning that goes beyond the traditional
transmission of knowledge and focuses on
fostering critical thinking, personal
development, and social change. It aims to
empower learners to critically examine their
beliefs, values, and assumptions, encouraging
them to become active participants in their
own learning and agents of positive change in

4. Transformative Education
คืออะไร : Chat GPT
Transformative education is an approach to
learning that goes beyond the traditional
transmission of knowledge and focuses on
fostering critical thinking, personal
development, and social change. It aims to
empower learners to critically examine their
beliefs, values, and assumptions, encouraging
them to become active participants in their own
learning and agents of positive change in society.

5. ลักษณะจำเพำะ
• Critical Reflection
• Empowerment
• Holistic
Development
• Active Participation
• Social Justice and
Equity
• Personal
Transformation
• Contextualized
Learning
• Diverse

6. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำเดิม
(๑/๗)
Goal of Personal and Social
Transformation
While conventional education often focuses
on transmitting information and preparing
students for specific careers, transformative
education aims at personal and social
transformation, encouraging learners to
question societal norms and actively engage

7. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำ
เดิม (๒)
Active vs. Passive Learning:
Transformative education emphasizes
active learning, where learners are
actively engaged in the learning process,
as opposed to a more passive role in
conventional lecture-based teaching.

8. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำ
เดิม (๓)
Critical Thinking vs. Memorization:
In transformative education, critical
thinking is prioritized over memorization.
Learners are encouraged to question,
analyze, and evaluate information rather
than simply memorizing facts.

9. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำ
เดิม (๔)
Empowerment vs. Compliance:
Transformative education seeks to
empower learners to think independently
and make informed decisions, while
conventional education may focus more
on conformity and compliance with
established norms.

10. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำ
เดิม (๕)
Addressing Social Issues:
Transformative education explicitly
addresses social issues, injustices, and
inequalities, aiming to equip learners with
the knowledge and skills to contribute to
positive social change. Conventional
education may not always explicitly address
these issues.

11. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำ
เดิม (๖)
Student-Centered vs. Teacher-
Centered:
Transformative education is often more
student-centered, with an emphasis on
personalized learning experiences.
Conventional education may have a more
teacher-centered approach.

12. ควำมแตกต่ำงจำกกำรศึกษำ
เดิม (๗)
Focus on Process vs. Outcome:
Transformative education places
emphasis on the learning process and
personal growth, while conventional
education may prioritize outcomes such
as grades and test scores.

13. Both transformative and conventional
education have their place, and the
choice between them depends on
educational goals, contexts, and
individual needs. Many educational
approaches incorporate elements of
both to provide a well-rounded
learning experience.

14. Bard : Transformative education:
A paradigm shift from
memorization to meaning-making
• deeper learning
• personal growth
• social change
• student-centered learning
• critical thinking, creativity, and problem-
solving applied to real-world issues.

15. Bard : Transformative education:
• Focuses on the "why" not just the "what“
• Challenges assumptions and encourages critical
thinking
• Connects learning to real-world issues
• Promotes personal growth and social
responsibility
• Embraces diverse perspectives and experiences
• Emphasizes dialogue and collaboration

16. Bard : Conventional education:
• Focuses on memorizing facts and passing
exams
• Teacher-centered instruction
• Subject-matter compartmentalization
• Limited focus on personal and social
development
• Formal assessment methods

17. Bing
TE is a type of education that aims to change
the way people think, feel, and act in order to
create positive social and environmental
change. It is based on the idea that
education can empower learners to
become agents of transformation in their
own lives and communities.

18. Bing
Transformative education is a type of
education that aims to change the way
people think, feel, and act in order to create
positive social and environmental change. It
is based on the idea that education can
empower learners to become agents of
transformation in their own lives and
communities.

19. Bing ควำมแตกต่ำงระหว่ำง TE กับ
CE
• Purpose TE seeks to foster a sense of global
citizenship, social justice, human rights, peace, and
sustainability among learners. CE aims to prepare
learners for academic or professional success in
specific fields or sectors.
• Content TE กว ้าง สหสาขา
• Pedagogy TE – active learning
• Evaluation TE – AfL & AaL ผู้ประเมิน
หลากหลาย, CE –
AoL/Summative Evaluation

20. What would transformative
education look like in medical
schools?

21. ประยุกต์ใช้ในโรงเรียนแพทย์อย่ำงไร
ChatGPT
Transformative education in medical schools
aims to produce physicians who not only
excel in their clinical skills but also
understand the broader societal and ethical
dimensions of healthcare. It seeks to prepare
healthcare professionals who are advocates for
positive change, contribute to the well-being of
their communities, and continually reflect on their
roles as healers and leaders in the field.

22. ลักษณะของ รรพ. TE 14 ประกำร
1. Holistic Curriculum
Design a curriculum that goes beyond the
purely scientific aspects of medicine. Include
components that address the social
determinants of health, cultural competence,
ethics, and communication skills. Integrate
courses that encourage critical thinking,
reflection, and a broader understanding of
health and well-being.

23. 2. Patient-Centered Learning
Emphasize patient-centered care
throughout the curriculum. Provide
opportunities for students to engage
with patients early in their training,
fostering empathy and a deeper
understanding of the patient
experience.

24. 3. Interdisciplinary
Collaboration
Facilitate collaboration between
medical students and students from
other healthcare disciplines.
Interdisciplinary experiences can
enhance communication skills,
teamwork, and a holistic approach to
patient care.

25. 4. Experiential and Applied
Learning
Prioritize experiential learning through
clinical rotations, simulations, and
real-world healthcare settings. Allow
students to apply theoretical
knowledge in practical situations,
reinforcing the connection between
classroom learning and patient care.

26. 5. Social Determinants of
Health
Integrate discussions and activities that
explore the social determinants of health,
including factors such as socioeconomic
status, education, and access to
healthcare. Encourage students to
consider the broader societal context in
which health disparities exist.

27. 6. Critical Thinking and Problem-
Solving
Incorporate critical thinking skills into
the curriculum, challenging students
to analyze complex medical cases,
ethical dilemmas, and healthcare
policies. Encourage problem-solving
and the application of evidence-based
medicine.

28. 7. Community Engagement
Foster community engagement and
service-learning experiences. Provide
opportunities for students to work in
underserved communities, addressing
healthcare disparities and gaining
insights into the social aspects of
health.

29. 8. Cultural Competence and Diversity
Training
Implement cultural competence and
diversity training to prepare students
for the diverse patient populations
they will encounter. This includes
understanding cultural nuances,
addressing health disparities, and
providing culturally sensitive care.

30. 9. Self-Reflection and Well-
Being
Promote self-reflection and self-
awareness among medical students.
Recognize the importance of well-
being and resilience, and provide
resources to support the mental and
emotional health of students.

31. 10. Ethical Decision-Making
Emphasize ethical decision-
making in patient care. Discuss
challenging ethical dilemmas and
encourage students to develop
the skills to navigate complex
situations with integrity and
empathy.

32. 11. Leadership Development
Provide opportunities for
leadership development. Equip
students with the skills to
advocate for patients, contribute
to healthcare policy, and be
leaders in improving the
healthcare system.

33. 12. Technology Integration
Integrate the use of technology
in medical education to enhance
learning experiences. This
includes virtual simulations,
telemedicine training, and the
use of electronic health records.

34. 13. Continual Professional
Development
Instill a mindset of continual learning
and professional development.
Encourage students to stay informed
about advancements in medicine,
engage in lifelong learning, and
contribute to the advancement of
medical knowledge.

35. 14. Assessment Beyond Exams
Evaluate student performance using a
variety of assessment methods
beyond traditional exams. Include
assessments that measure
communication skills, teamwork,
cultural competence, and ethical
decision-making.

36. Bard : เพื่อผลิตแพทย์แห่งอนำคต
Imagine a medical school where doctors of
the future aren't just well-versed in anatomy
and disease pathology, but also equipped to
tackle the complex socio-ethical challenges
of healthcare, advocate for their patients,
and champion a transformative healthcare
system. That's the essence of transformative
education in medical schools:

37. Curriculum
•Beyond the syllabus : ออกนอกตารา สู่สภาพ
จริง
• Interdisciplinary learning
•Critical thinking and self-reflection

38. Teaching methods
•Learner-centered
• Mentorship and guidance
• Community engagement

39. Assessment
• Moving beyond exams : multiple methods

40. Outcomes
• Graduates as agents of change
• Addressing contemporary challenges

41. Challenges and considerations
• Changing the existing paradigm
• Faculty development and buy-in
• Resources and funding

42. Bing
• ตอบคาถามใหม่ซ้ากับคาตอบเดิม

43. Please give examples of 3 medical
schools which have applied
transformative education for more than
10 years. What are their outcomes? What
are the main challenges?

44. Bard
• Stanford University School of Medicine
• Harvard Medical School
• McMaster University Faculty of Health
Sciences

45. Stanford University School of
Medicine : Outcomes:
• Increased student engagement and satisfaction with
their learning experience.
• Graduates demonstrated stronger critical thinking,
communication, and leadership skills.
• Higher rates of students pursuing careers in
underserved communities and public health.
• Development of innovative solutions to address
healthcare challenges like physician burnout and social
determinants of health.

46. Stanford University School of
Medicine : Challenges:
•Integrating transformative approaches into a
traditional medical curriculum.
•Providing adequate faculty development and
support for new teaching methods.
•Balancing the need for clinical skills training
with fostering broader social and ethical
perspectives.

47. Harvard Medical School : Outcomes :
• Established the Global Health and Social
Medicine program, focusing on health equity and
social justice issues.
• Implemented the Narrative Medicine curriculum,
teaching students to understand and incorporate
patients' stories into their medical practice.
• Developed the Center for Medical Innovation,
encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration and
addressing healthcare system challenges.

48. Harvard Medical School : Challenges :
•Scaling up transformative initiatives across a
large and traditional medical school.
•Balancing the needs of diverse student
populations with varying backgrounds and
learning styles.
•Measuring the impact of transformative
education beyond traditional academic
metrics.

49. McMaster University Faculty of Health
Sciences : Outcomes :
• Pioneered the problem-based learning (PBL)
approach, promoting self-directed learning,
collaboration, and critical thinking.
• Incorporated community engagement throughout
the curriculum, connecting students with real-
world health issues and underserved populations.
• Emphasized social accountability and global
health perspectives, leading to graduates actively
addressing health inequities internationally.

50. McMaster University Faculty of Health
Sciences : Challenges :
•Maintaining the quality and consistency of PBL
implementation across different faculty
members.
•Ensuring adequate supervision and support for
students during community engagement
activities.
•Balancing the demands of a rigorous medical
curriculum with fostering holistic development
and social responsibility.

51. ChatGPT
•Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine
(Minnesota, USA)
• Harvard Medical School (Massachusetts,
USA)
• University of Calgary Cumming School of
Medicine (Alberta, Canada)

52. Challenges
1. Resistance to Change
2. Resource Allocation
3. Assessment and Accreditation
4. Faculty Development
5. Sustainability
6. Balancing Competency-Based and Transformative
Approaches
7. Assessment of Outcomes

53. Bing
• New York University School of
Medicine
• University of Toronto
• University of Washington

54. Challenges
• Adaptation
• Evaluation
• Integration

55. What are future trends of
medical education in relation to
transformative education?

56. ChatGPT 14
1. Interprofessional Education (IPE)
2. Technology Integration
3. Personalized and Adaptive Learning
4. Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships (LICs)
5. Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
6. Global Health Education
7. Health Equity and Cultural Competence

57. ChatGPT
8. Wellness and Resilience
9. Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) Models
10. Competency-Based Education
11. Lifelong Learning and Continuing Professional
Development
12. Community Engagement and Service Learning
13. Emphasis on Soft Skills
14. Assessment Innovations

58. Bard
• Tech-driven learning
• Focus on holistic skills
• Global and interdisciplinary
collaboration
• Assessment beyond the exam

59. Tech-driven learning
• Virtual reality and augmented reality: Immersive
simulations will deepen clinical training, allowing
students to practice in realistic scenarios without
facing patient risk.
• Artificial intelligence (AI): AI-powered personalized
learning platforms will adapt to individual learning
styles and pace, offering tailored feedback and
resources.
• Big data and analytics: Real-time data analysis will
inform curriculum development, identify learning gaps,
and personalize assessments, making education

60. Focus on holistic skills
• Emotional intelligence and empathy: Training in
communication, active listening, and cultural
competency will be crucial for building strong doctor-
patient relationships and addressing psychosocial
aspects of health.
• Leadership and innovation: Skills in collaboration,
team building, and creative problem-solving will be
essential for tackling complex healthcare challenges
and designing new solutions.
• Lifelong learning and adaptability: Rapidly evolving
technologies and medical advancements will
necessitate a focus on continuous learning and
adapting to change.

61. Global and interdisciplinary
collaboration
• Global health education: Emphasis on understanding and
addressing health disparities and emerging infectious
diseases through partnerships with international institutions
and communities.
• Interdisciplinary partnerships: Collaboration with social
scientists, engineers, policymakers, and other disciplines
will foster innovative solutions to complex healthcare
challenges like climate change and social determinants of
health.
• Community engagement: Deepening partnerships with
local communities will allow medical students to learn from
and contribute to local health needs, promoting equity and
sustainability.

62. Assessment beyond the exam
•Portfolio assessments: Evaluating student
development through diverse methods like
community projects, patient narratives, and
reflections will provide a more holistic picture of
skills and competencies.
•Focus on impact and social
responsibility: Assessing the outcomes of
students' work in addressing real-world health
issues will emphasize the social impact of
medical education.

63. Bing
•Outcome-based education:
• Unitary approach
• Simulators and e-learning
• Competency-based assessment
• Training the trainer

64. สรุป Transformative
Medical Education
• เป็นแนวโน้มโลก เพื่อผลิตแพทย์ที่เป็นผู้นา
การเปลี่ยนแปลง
• เพื่อเป็นแพทย์ที่มากกว่า clinician สู่การเป็น
ผู้นาการเปลี่ยนโฉมระบบสุขภาพ และสังคม
• ต ้องการการพัฒนา learning platform ใหม่
ที่ engage กับระบบสุขภาพและระบบสังคม
มากขึ้น ใช ้เทคโนโลยีมากขึ้น