Trams are rail vehicles that run on fixed rails and are designed to operate on city streets, sharing space with regular traffic and pedestrians. They provide medium capacity mass transit between heavy rail metro and low capacity bus services. Some key advantages of trams include being electrically operated and pollution-free, with lower construction, operating, and maintenance costs than buses or heavy rail. Trams can also be relocated more easily than other rail systems. However, trams may cause speed reductions for other vehicles and be delayed by disruptions in their lanes, with no ability for other vehicles to pass. A case study of Kolkata's tram system found that providing separate lanes and stops could help address issues of traffic

1. Trams
Presented by
v. Hemalatha (NM2104TE03)
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2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Why Tram
• Layout
• Construction Planning
• Comparison
• Case study
• Advantages
• Dis-Advantages
• Reference
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3. Introduction
• A tram/tramcar/streetcar/trolley car or cable car is a rail
vehicle which runs on fixed rails and designed to travel
on streets, sharing road space with normal traffic and
pedestrians.
• Trams is a medium capacity mode of mass rapid
transport which staddles between the heavy capacity
metro rail and the low capacity bus services.
• It is a form of rail transit that utilizes equipment and
infrastructure that is typically less massive than that
used for heavy rail modes.
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4. • Cheap, electrically operated, pollution-free mode, having a high
carrying capacity in light rails.
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5. Why TRAM
• More convenient
• No pollution
• Reduce the emission of green
house gases.
• Reduce the traffic congestion
• Reduction of usage of fossil
fuels
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6. Types
• Double ended, single ended
• Articulated
• Double decker
• Low floor
• Tram train
• Rubber tired tram
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Trams are typically designed as uni-directional single-ended vehicles, or double-
ended vehicles capable of being driven in both directions.

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Articulated trams are made up
of multiple body sections,
connected by flexible joints
Rubber-tyred trams are
trams that are guided
by fixed rail, but also
make use of rubber
tyres.
A double-decker tram is a tram
that has two levels. Some
double-decker trams have open
tops.

9. Layout
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10. Construction planning
• Traffic management during construction including temporary signage
• Utility diversions particularly underground utilities
• Cutting of trees
• Facilities for pedestrian crossing
• Traffic signal planning, installation and phasing
• Planning and providing additional alternative routes for Motar vehicle
traffic
• Planning for parking of vehicles of residents along the corridor
• Delays to the movement of motor vehicle traffic, after construction
particularly at the road junctions
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11. Comparison
Metro vs tram system
• The infrastructure cost is less for trams.
• Metro transport is exclusive domain of metro train only.
• Metro provides higher average speed but for that the
inter station spacing is around 1-3 km where as tram
provide stoppage every 300-500 meter. This suits the
passenger to complete the journey to his destination with
only few meters to be traveled on foot.
• Tram stops in the street are easily accessible to the
passenger unlike metro stations where he/she is to
negotiate security checks, escalator/ stairs etc.
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12. • The maintenance cost of tramways is much less as
compared to metro system due to very limited
infrastructure
• It is possible to relocate the tram network.
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13. Bus vs tram system
• Tram and road co-exist on the same infrastructure
• Rail base transport system is energy-efficient as the train
resistance of steel wheel as very low as compared to rubber tyer
wheel.
• Tram system runs on electric system, which can be sourced from
renewable source of energy where as buses runs on petrol, diesel
which causes emission of green house gases.
• tram can adopt to the peak hours by adding coach
• Passenger comfort is derived where acceleration and de-acceleration
is much smoother as compared to bus
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14. Trains vs tram
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Train Tram
A train is a heavyweight land transport
system used by people to travel over long
distances.
A tram is lightweight land transportation
used to travel within the city or within two
cities.
The track rails and beds for running trains
are made of heavyweight iron to support the
weight of trains.
The tracks for running trams are known as
tramways. The tracks laid for trams are
lightweight so that they don’t damage the
roads.
Trains run over long distances between
different cities, they do not share their
running areas with any other mode of
transport.
Trams run over short distances as compared
to trains and over a longer distance as
compared to buses. They share their running
area with cars, buses, etc.
Since trains are long distance transport,
therefore, have stoppages over long distances.
Their stops are at least 1 km apart.
Trams stop after every few yards and
generally run within the city limits, these are
found mostly in developed urban cities.

15. Case study
• Tram were discontinued in all Indian cities between 1933 and 1964,
except for Kolkata
• Now a days Kolkata tram is posing a critical phase due to increase of
transport facilities in Kolkata
An 'On-Street Public Survey’ has been conduced with 6 basic questions
there are:
1. Your riding frequency on Kolkata tram
2. Have you ever faced or been in a situation about to face an accident
caused by Tram bus
3. 'Traffic jam influenced by Kolkata Tramways
4. ' What is/are the major problem(s) of Kolkata Tramways?
5. Why Kolkata Tramways should be promoted?’
6. What should be the future of Kolkata Tramways'
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17. Conti…
• A separate tram route should be provided. This will enhance the
speed, mobility and easy access not only to the tram but also to the
other vehicles.
• Separate tram stoppage should be provided so that other vehicles
don't get disturbed.
• Those places where Tram speed is hampered by the pedestrians, a
separate Foot Bridge or underground subway should be provided to
cross the road.
• People should be encouraged for using the tram or metro as public
transmit. In that case private vehicles will be reduced reducing the
tendency of traffic congestion.
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18. Advantages
• Efficient, reduces normal traffic
• Lower construction, operating & maintenance cost per passenger
• Pollution free , Less noise
• Can be relocated
• Suit area were level of demand for heavy rail is less
• Tram provide a higher capacity service than buses.
• Trams stations in the street are easily accessible.
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19. Dis-advantages
• Higher capital cost than for buses
• Trams can cause speed reduction for other transport modes
• Tram can be delayed by disruptions in their lane
• Over take cannot be done
• Tram tracks can be hazardous for cyclists, as bikes wheels caught in
the track grooves
• In the event of a breakdown or accident, or even roadworks and
maintenance, a whole section of the tram network can be blocked.
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20. Reference
• Google
• IJIRSET : Tramways System: A case study of Kolkata(paper)
• YOUTUBE
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