10. SPECIESCONCEPTS
Morphologicalspecies concept
It is based solely on the morphology of the species, pertaining only to the
physical appearance of the organisms. Pros of this concept for defining and
describing a species are that it’s an easy and handy method for species
identification. It works equally well for layman and taxonomical experts as
the morphological features are easily identifiable by everyone rather than
genetic andchemical analytics.
11. Pheneticspeciesconcept
A phenetic species is one in which all the individuals of a species
have a similar phenotype but it is significantly different from the
organismsoftheotherpheneticspecies.
12. Biologicalspeciesconcept
It is stated that a species is a group of natural populations that
interbreed among themselves but don’t do the same with other
groups as they are “reproductively isolated” from them. This is by
farthemostwidelyacceptedspeciesconceptasofthistime.
13. Evolutionaryspeciesconcept
This concept defines a species as an
independently evolving entity. The
reason this concept is widely accepted
is that such a species persists through
longtimeperiods.
15. TYPES OFSPECIES
Endangered species – is one that is prone to get extinct in the near
future. With the declining numbers of such species, the risks of
losingdiversityincrease.
16. Dominant species – are those species that form the majority in an
ecological community. They usually make up the bulk of the
biomassinsuchacommunity.
17. Rare species – are those which are encountered very less or have
no extensive records. They are uncommon and this makes them
preciousinsomeaspects.
18. Exotic species – Species are called exotic when they are
encountered outside their native ranges or places where they
havenotoriginallyevolved.
19. Early seral species – Early seral species are those species that
start growing in natural succession soon after a disturbance (fire
orlogging).
20. Type species – are those species that have been used during
taxonomicworkfornamingthatparticularspecies.
21. Whyspeciesareimportant?
1. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability: A diverse range of species
contributes to the stability of ecosystems, making them more
resistant to disturbances such as climate change, disease
outbreaks,andhabitatloss.
2. Ecological Services: Plants produce oxygen through
photosynthesis, while pollinators like bees and butterflies help
fertilize crops and support agricultural production. Decomposers
breakdownorganic matter,recycling nutrientsin theecosystem.
3. Food Web and Nutrient Cycling: Predators help control prey
populations, preventing overpopulation, while herbivores maintain
plant populations.
22. 4. Medicinal and Genetic Resources: Plant and animal species have
contributed to the development of drugs to treat diseases, alleviate
pain,andimprove health.
5. Cultural and Aesthetic Value: They are often symbols of cultural
heritage and hold spiritual or symbolic significance for various
communities.
6. Economic Importance: Biodiversity supports industries such as
agriculture,forestry,fisheries,andtourism.
23. 7. Research and Education: Species serve as models for scientific
research, contributing to advancements in various fields, including
biology, medicine, genetics, and ecology. They also provide
educational opportunities for students to learn about the complexity
oflifeonEarth.
8. Ecosystem Health and Water Purification: Various species,
particularly microbes and plants, play a role in purifying water and
maintaining water quality. Wetlands, for example, act as natural
filters bytrapping pollutantsand sediments,ensuringcleanwaterfor
bothhumansandwildlife.
9. Climate Regulation: Forests play a crucial role in absorbing carbon
dioxideandregulatingclimatepatterns.
24.
25. Writethe letter of thecorrectanswer.
1.Whatis aspecies?
a. Agroup of organismswithsimilarcharacteristics
b. Agroup of organisms thatcaninterbreed andproducefertile offspring
c. Agroup of organisms withthe samehabitat
d. Agroup of organismswithdifferent characteristics
2. Howdoyou describe morphologicalconceptof species?
a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms
b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is
significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies
c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among
themselves
d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche
26. 3. Howdoyou describephenetic conceptof species?
a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms
b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is
significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies
c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among
themselves
d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche
4. Howdoyou describe biologicalconceptof species?
a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms
b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is
significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies
c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among
themselves
d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche
27. 5. Howdoyou describe ecologicalconceptof species?
a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms
b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is
significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies
c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among
themselves
d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche
6. Whatis adominantspecies?
a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity
b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture
c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records
d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have
notoriginallyevolved
28. 7.Whatis adominantspecies?
a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity
b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture
c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records
d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have
notoriginallyevolved
8.Whatis anendangeredspecies?
a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity
b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture
c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records
d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have
notoriginallyevolved
29. 9. Whatis aexotic species?
a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity
b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture
c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records
d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have
notoriginallyevolved
10.Whatis atype species?
a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity
b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture
c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records
d. species that have been used during taxonomic work for naming that
particularspecies
31. Criteria Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Exceed Expectations
Score 5 10 15
Content Present insufficient
ideas, facts, and
information
Present sufficient level
of ideas, facts, and
information.
Present high level of
ideas, facts, and
information.
Organization Presentation jumps
around and audience
has difficulty following
Information presented
in a logical sequence
Information presented
in a logical and very
interesting sequence
Information presented
in a logical and very
interesting sequence
Creativity Show minimal level
artistry and
attractiveness
Show adequate level
artistry and
attractiveness
Show high level artistry
and attractiveness
Youroutputwill beratedusingthisrubric:
Editor's Notes
Today we will be learning about species
My first question is: Based from your prior knowledge or opinion
This time you will be having your activity. I will be sending a reading material in our GC.
You have 15 mins to finish the task
What you have presented is all about species
In the classification systems, a certain hierarchy has been made from higher to the lower level — domain, kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species.
Species are capable of mating with one another to produce fertile offspring.
The major limitation to this species concept, however, is that morphology can be very misleading. Consider, for example, the shark and dolphin. These organisms have many morphological similarities in their body shape and coloration; however, we know from genetic analyses and more detailed morphological studies that sharks are more closely related to rays and other fish and dolphins are more closely related to whales and other mammals. The similarities that we first notice in these organisms are due to the similarities in the marine environment in which both organisms live and not to relatedness between the organisms.
In the Philippines, several species of Birds of Paradise can be found in the rainforests of various islands. This concept might be applied to classifying Birds of Paradise species based on their observable characteristics.
It's important to note that while the phenetic species concept provides a way to categorize species based on observable traits, it doesn't take into account genetic relationships or evolutionary history.
It is also called the reproductive isolation concept.
Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time.
Ecological niche is a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for persistence of the species, and its ecological role in the ecosystem.
An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.
Mangrove forests are abundant in the Philippines and serve as critical coastal ecosystems. They provide habitat for various species of fish, crustaceans, and birds, while also protecting shorelines from erosion.
A rare freshwater turtle species found in the Philippines, it faces threats from habitat destruction and the illegal pet trade.
In the Philippines, invasive alien species like the water hyacinth are slowly creeping, menacing one ecosystem at a time, including otherwise healthy water bodies like Pasig River and Laguna de Bay and Agusan marsh, undermining their biodiversity and productivity.
Various wild grasses and weedy plants serve as early colonizers of disturbed areas, contributing to soil stabilization and providing initial habitat and food sources for insects and other small organisms.
The type species serves as a reference for defining the characteristics and boundaries of the genus.
For example, consider the genus Panthera, which includes lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. The type species of the genus Panthera is the lion (Panthera leo). This means that the lion is the species used as the reference point when defining the characteristics that distinguish the genus Panthera from other related genera.
Species diversity ensures that ecosystems are resilient and adaptable to changes.
Different species perform various ecological services that are essential for human survival.
Species are interconnected within food webs, forming complex relationships where each species relies on others for food.
4. Many species provide valuable compounds that are used in pharmaceuticals and medical treatments.
5. Additionally, natural landscapes and the presence of diverse species offer recreational and aesthetic benefits for people.
6. Many economies depend on the health and productivity of ecosystems that rely on diverse species. Ecosystems provide resources like timber, fish, and non-timber forest products that contribute to livelihoods and economies.
7. Studying different species helps us better understand the natural world, ecological interactions, and evolutionary processes.
8. Wetlands, for example, act as natural filters by trapping pollutants and sediments, ensuring clean water for both humans and wildlife.
9. Trees capture and store carbon, helping mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
Species play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as well as providing a wide range of benefits to humans and the planet as a whole.
7. Studying different species helps us better understand the natural world, ecological interactions, and evolutionary processes.
8. Wetlands, for example, act as natural filters by trapping pollutants and sediments, ensuring clean water for both humans and wildlife.
9. Trees capture and store carbon, helping mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
Species play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as well as providing a wide range of benefits to humans and the planet as a whole.