The Express

The Express
"The Express" is the story of Ernie Davis who was the first African–American to win the coveted
Heisman Trophy, the highest accolade in American Football. Davis was a naturally talented football
player, who developed from a quiet young man to become an icon for the civil rights movement that
divided America in the early 1960s. Raised in poverty in Pennsylvania coal–mining country, his
talent was recognized by Coach Ben Schwartzwalder who would help him turn from a high school
athlete to a sporting legend. Ernie Davis was the first African–American to win the coveted Heisman
Trophy, the highest accolade in American Football. Davis was a naturally talented football player,
who developed from a quiet young man to become an icon for the civil ... Show more content on
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The sense of superiority among others created the concept of segregation; the legal or social practice
of separating people based upon their race or ethnicity. Although segregation was often perceived to
occur in the South, the unjust concept was found in every section of the United States at one time or
another. Segregation was a major obstruction to unity throughout the country during the 1950's and
1960's. Even so, the separation of races led to the meaningful of Civil Right's movement. At the
time, Ernie was really a good football player. He becomes more and more professional player, and
he is getting famous all over the country. Ernie became the first famous African–American football
player after Jim brown who was the number one player in all football campus during that time. In
fact, Ernie started to face trouble during his life being segregated by the people who hated him
because he was an African–American player. For example, the coach was scared to let Ernie play or
score against Texas because it was one of the most segregated states in the south at that time. Instead
of that, Ernie strong personality helped him to stand up in front of all the people who were
threatened him before playing the game. "Am I invisible" said Ernie to his coach. This was one of
the most effective quote that grape my attention because of the sense of humor that Ernie faced and
the way he handle it.
In the conclusion, "The
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Economics Of The Nfl
The Economics of the NFL BY: TY TAYLOR While growing up in the state of Texas I was
introduced to National Football League (NFL) at a very young age. Not only was I obsessed with
great players like Emmitt Smith and Michael Irving, I had a more finical appreciation for the
lucrativeness associated with the NFL. My young adulthood as well as my teenage years was spent
playing and learning football with the aspirations of hopefully making it to the NFL. Unfortunately,
my playing days ended with tryouts at Texas Tech University, but my love for the game has
remained stagnant over the years even till this day. The NFL today is Americas most watched sports
league and has taken the crown as the most lucrative and unique economic force in sports. Forbes
offered approximations stating that on average, the NFL generates more than $6–9 billion a year in
revenues alone. A third of the individual franchises in the league were appraised at over more than
$1 billion while the other franchises average nine figures or higher. The NFL as an organization
generates its revenues through a multitude of ways ranging from huge television contracts, in–
stadium ticket sales, advertising ads paid for by sponsors and merchandise. Their business model
unlike most other leagues, is centered on a hard salary cap on player contracts which provides cost
certainty with its sponsors. In this paper, I will examine the economic and historical narrative
associated with the growth of the NFL's

A Leader And An Ethical Leader Essay
Paul "Bear" Bryant Paul "Bear" Bryant once ended a quote with "the price of victory is high, but so
are the rewards." (King & King, 2006, p. 53). That still rings true today as leaders look back on their
journeys, and the substantial price that it took in reaching their vision. I claim Paul "Bear" Bryant
was indeed a visionary leader and an ethical leader as he continuously rallied countless men around
a common goal of excellence and effectively guided them to achieve that very goal not only on the
football field but in life. He was able to do so by having a strong understanding of diversity and the
impact it had in the building of his coaches and players, as well as what it took to advance those
individuals toward the vision by way of transformational leadership and effective use of
Inspirational Motivation. Bryant often led by example, and some of these examples were displayed
in the way he chose to stay true to principles and avoid ethical traps in his disciplining of star
quarterback, Joe Namath. He further displayed his ethical style in leading his team through racial
integration in the early 1970's by having the open–mindedness and intellectual courage it took to
make that unpopular decision. In the next few pages, I will display how Bryant was a visionary and
ethical leader, and then reflect on the visionary and ethical leadership experiences within my own
career: how I used diversity and inspirational motivation in reaching our F–35 goal at Hill AFB, and
my

Nfl Popular Sports
Football is a very popular sport in the United States. Many people enjoy watching their favorite
teams play and tailgating before the event starts. Even though many people enjoy it, not many know
the history of the sport. Before football became a famous sport, it was just a game, now it is one of
the most famous franchises in the world. The National Football League was founded in 1920, as the
American Professional Football Association with ten teams from four states, all of whom existed in
some form as participants of regional leagues in their respective territories; it became the National
Football League in 1922. The NFL was the first professional football league to successfully be
established as a nationwide presence, after many years of failed attempts. There are only two teams
still in the NFL, the Decatur Staleys (now the Chicago Bears) and the Chicago Cardinals (now the
Arizona Cardinals), are founding members. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Harris Poll, football became the most popular sport, ahead of baseball in 1965,
during the emergence of the NFL's challenger, the American Football League, as a major
professional football league. Football has been the most popular sport in America ever since. In a
Harris Poll conducted in 2008, the NFL was the favorite sport of as many people (30%) as the
combined total of the next three professional sports – baseball (15%), auto racing (10%), and
hockey (5%). Additionally, football's American television viewership ratings now surpass those of
other sports, although football season comprises far fewer games than the seasons of other sports.
The NFL has the highest per–game attendance of any domestic professional sports league in the
world. The NFL's overall attendance, however, is only approximately 20 percent of Major League
Baseball, because of the latter's longer schedule (162–game scheduled regular

Pittsburgh : A Football City : Pittsburgh, A Football City
Pittsburgh, a Football City
Pittsburgh is a city with a rich history of football, we have professional, collegiate, and high school
teams. Who have all accomplished many great things and are known nationally. Our teams have
won nationally and many good players and people have came from this city. September 3, 1895 the
first professional game was played. The game was between the Latrobe Athletic Association and the
Jeannette Athletic Club. Back into 1897 the Latrobe Athletic Association paid all of its players. Then
becoming the first fully professional football team. "Early professional football teams from western
Pennsylvania include; the McKeesport Olympics, Oil City Athletic Club, Pitcairn Quakers and
Glassport Odds."
Football at the collegiate level began in 1889 at the University of Pittsburgh, then known as the
Western University of Pennsylvania. The first official collegiate game in Western Pennsylvania was
played on October 11, 1890. Washington & Jefferson was also competitive with some of the top
teams in the nation. In 1913, the Presidents, led by Bob Folwell, team posted a 10–0–1 record and
were the highest scoring team in the nation.
The first Pittsburgh football team you think of is the Steelers, Created in 1933. The team was
founded by Arthur J. Rooney. The Rooney family has owned and been in charge of the club for its
entire history. They are the seventh–oldest club in the National Football League. Originally called
the pirates, the name was changed in

Pros And Cons Of Football Bettinging
Are you looking for the very best football betting and football odds? Look no further than BetOnline
for the latest match odds and lines for all the major football leagues like the National Football
League (NFL), the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Canadian Football
League (CFL). American football is big business in the USA and the rest of the world. In fact, no
other sport comes close to its popularity in North America. Internationally, American football comes
second only to soccer. Due to its prominent standing, it comes as no surprise that football betting is
all the rage, with many online sportsbooks offering bettors the opportunity to wager on their
favourite football team. Some of these sportsbooks are much more

Boston Patriots Research Paper
Boston Patriots signed their first QB Harvey White to contract on December 20, 1959. They
appointed there first head coach Lou Saban on February 1960. The Boston patriots who later
changed there name to The New England patriots on November 16, 1959 is owned by a local
business group led by William H. Sullivan known by his peers as "Billy". The patriots would
become the eighth a final franchise in the new American football league. Deflategate, which is also,
humorously known as Ballghazi. The controversy started when someone from the NFL leaked to
ESPN correspondent Chris Mortensen false news that 11 of the 12 balls used in the AFC game were
0.5 under the required 12.5 by the league. This set the narrative of presumed tampering with the
championship

How Do Sports And Clothing Affect American Culture
BACKGROUND PAPER
ON
AESTHETICS AND RECREATION
1. Did you know that aesthetics and recreation plays a tremendous role in the American way of life?
In particular, sports and clothing affects our interests as citizens and this paper will enlighten you on
some of the reasons why. This paper will cover sports and clothing as how they relate to and how
they affects the American Culture. To get an understanding as to how the two affect America, let us
start with the sports.
2. What do you consider the major sports in America? Wikipedia defined sports as an activity
involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or
others for entertainment. Sports played an important role on American Culture. The sporting

Made By Walter Camp, The Father Of American Football
American Football
American football was made by Walter Camp. He was called the "Father of American Football".
Camp virtually invented the game by changing rugby rules multiple times. He created it because he
was the guiding force on the rules for the board of Intercollegiate Football Association. Camp
played "halfback and served as team captain." History.com Staff. "Who invented football." ASK
HISTORY. September 25th, 2013. Web(insert something). May 28th, 2016.
http://www.history.com/news/ask–history/who–invented–football
Football is a popular sport because there are tailgate parties, game significance, fantasy football, and
the Super Bowl. The tailgate parties happen before the game 4–5 hours earlier. It is a social event
where fans surround

Explain How To Make The Nfl Great Again !
How to make the NFL great again!
1) The professional sports leagues need to partner with the major sportsbooks/casinos
2) Continue to develop direct–to–consumer broadcast formats
3) Improve the game flow and shorten the game length
The National Football League
The NFL is comprised of 32 teams that compete for the Lombardi Trophy every year. Each team
plays 16 regular season games over a 17–week span. The league is divided into two conferences, the
AFC and the NFC. The final team remaining from the AFC and NFC competes against each other in
the championship game, known as the Super Bowl.
Most of the NFL's revenue comes from the national television deals. These television deals are
highly sought after and worth billions of dollars. After the television deals, the other sources of
revenue are corporate sponsorships, licensing, and merchandise sales. (Novy–Williams)
The National Football League on top
In a Gallup poll conducted in December of last year, football came out on top, with 37% of
Americans stating it as their favorite sport to watch. Next came basketball at 11% and then baseball
at 9%. At its peak, the NFL was the most popular in 2007 at 43%. Since 1964, the NFL has
remained America's favorite sport to watch (Gallup).
Further evidence of its popularity, in the 2016/2017 season, $13.3 billion ... Show more content on
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These leagues have been lobbying to help overturn the old law and make sports wagering legal
nationwide. The National Basketball Association is currently in talks to receive a 1% "integrity &
rights" fee from all sportsbooks. The 1% fee not only allows the NBA to be compensated for its
intellectual property, but also allows the NBA to control and monitor wagering data to keep the
integrity of the game. (Liptak & Draper) By following the NBA's model, the NFL has an
opportunity to not only grow their fan base but also increase their revenue

The Racial Tension in the NFL
Author Peter S. Morris once said, "If baseball is America's favorite pastime, then football must be its
passion" (Morris, 2004). Throughout the years, the sport of football has risen through the ranks to
become the spectator sport in North America. Football has been interwoven into the "American
psyche" and culture. Millions of dedicated and loyal fans keenly await the chance to pack out
stadiums at the beginning of each National Football League (NFL) season. They stare into the
dazzling field lights, clothe themselves in paraphernalia, and wildly cheer on the players of their
chosen team. Football has become a part of the American life. The NFL embodies the "fun" in
American society. It is seventeen weeks filled with excitement, high spirits, and a competitive
atmosphere. A piece of American society that isn't so jubilant has been making serious headlines as
of lately. These series of incidents have been a Public Relations nightmare for the beloved league.
The use of racial slurs both on the field and off the field by NFL players is an issue that, until
recently, was not openly discussed in the sport. The number of "incidents" has gradually increased
throughout the years. As a solution to this growing problem, NFL committees have recently decided
to impose a 15 yard penalty on any and all players that use the racial slur "Nigga(er)" while playing
the game. The racial tension in the NFL, the pros of the new penalty, and the cons of the new
penalty are certainly worth

The Role Of Sports In The 1960's
Sports in the 1960's In the 1960's most sports hit a really big growth spurt. If it weren't for the 1960's
baseball, football, and boxing would not be the same as they are today. These sports caught almost
everyone's attention on game days. People tried to be like the players and be as good as them, that
pushed people to do better at athletic things that made them healthier. Sports like baseball, football,
and boxing all provided role models that changed people's lives in the 1960's.
Baseball in the 1960's The 1960's made a really big impact on baseball. This decade was a time of
change for America. Baseball changed with it by adding a lot of new additions. They added an
ameuter draft into the league that expanded the sport and the talent. ... Show more content on
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One player could make a huge different in a game. They can even win the whole game for the team.
That's exactly what Wilt Chamberlain did when he scored 100 points in a basketball game in 1962.
Jim Brown was a football player for the Cleveland Browns. He was one of the most dominant
running backs in 1963. He was so good they dedicated movies, books, articles, and more just to him
for his impact he made in the sport. Sandy Koufax is the best pitcher in baseball of all time. He had
a record of 137 wins and 70 losses. With nicknames like Koo–Foo, Sandy, or The Man With The
Golden Arm he was not a person to mess with. He threw really fast and really accurate many batters
were afraid of him. He won the 1966 world series(10 Famous Athletes of the 1960's). Any in any
sport can be the best player in that sport. These people put a lot of work into what they do to be the
best. With a lot of hard work and dedication you can be the best at anything you

The Negative Effects Of American Football
American football has existed for more than an entire century, becoming one of the most popular
sports to still exist in the modern United States. It is widely played by American males of all ages,
ranging from toddlers in pop warner leagues to men in their late thirties that are just finishing their
professional careers in the National Football League. Due to the vast amount of options that are
available to people during their first forty years of living, there are some players who play this sport
for a many decades without much break in between seasons. This may seem harmless, as they are
not partaking any illegal activities and the sport of football has grown to become a focal point of
American culture, but those years of colliding with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These accidents are both high in frequency and severity, which is why people propose that the sport
of football should be banned completely. There have been attempts to reduce the incidence of
accidents during play, including the severe penalties made for helmet–to–helmet contact, yet
concussions still remain "a major source of long–term disability" (2) for players of the game. There
is also a high incidence of head injuries in former players, with "79 percent of all football players
they studied in autopsies" (3) having exhibited CTE. The chance of obtaining these severe head
injuries increases with more years of play, which is why there is a logical argument that not playing
football at all is the best option available. Football is a very physical sport that causes a large sum of
concussions yearly despite efforts to decrease this amount, making it a valid proposal that football is
too dangerous for people to partake in and should thus be banned completely. American football has
grown to become one of the most exciting, and dangerous, sports in the world, particularly due to
the constant hitting that occurs during games. This violent nature has rubbed some people the wrong
way and, along with the problem going on with concussions and CTE, has led to a large outcry for
the ban of the sport in its entirety. Despite the facts and statistics that prove otherwise, football is
actually

The Baseball Of The Nfl
American Football was voted the most popular sport in America by 20% over baseball(ESPN Harris
Poll). The NFL today has tv ratings off the charts, breaking records every Super Bowl(Coming
Soon.com). But what started out as an American staple, actually was a mix of different sports. The
first "football" game was actually just an altered soccer game between Rutgers and Princeton, but no
one would realize the revolution it would bring to America. It then evolved with the help of rugby.
Twenty years later the NFL was born and football went from a simple college game to a professional
sport. The NFL today began as a simple concept which blossomed into an American tradition.
The National Football league was founded on August, 20, 1920 by a ... Show more content on
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Lombardi revolutionized the game with his leadership, and maybe the most famous play drawn up
in NFL history, the "Packers Sweep". The NFL was growing to be something huge in America then,
a new league came along. The American Football League began in 1959, looking to become a rival
league to the NFL(Pro Football HOF).
The American Football League or AFL, was founded in 1959 by Lamar Hunt, a sportsman(Pro
Football HOF). He looked to create a rival league to the already emerged NFL after failed to gain
ownership of an NFL franchise. The NFL first looked at the AFL as if the would be a yet just a pest
on their arm, and a waste of time. Although, the AFL lived past the expectancy the NFL gave them
and they had a bit of growth in their league with new teams and relocations. But, the NFL and AFL
got into a big disagreement over college players entering the draft. The NFL thought they 'd haul
them in like nothing until surprisingly the AFL Kansas City Chiefs signed Heisman Trophy winning
running back, Mike Garrett. This turned out to be huge for the AFL because Garrett would end up
helping the Chiefs reach the AFL championship, and a Super Bowl berth. With the surprising rise of
the AFL, the NFL ended up shockingly asking for a merger agreement to become 1 league. This

The Pig Skin: History and Development of American Football
The Pig Skin While Walter Camp, the father of American football we all know and love today was
established. Before the 19th century "football" referred to many number of games played on foot.
Each one of these games had different rules; same were played solely using your hands and were a
running game. Yet others forbid the use of the hands and were kicking games. Many football
historians place the games beginning in rugby which began in 1823, due to its many similarities.
One of the legends is that football was invented when Englishmen playing rugby grew tired of not
being able to use their hands, so they picked up the ball and ran. Then in an endeavor to enforce the
rules another player tackled the man who picked up the ball. Although we didn't aren't sure if this is
true we do know that a variation of English rugby was taking off in Canada which later became
Canadian football. This is important because it had a huge influence on developing American
football (Saperecom). There has always been a controversy of the first American football team, but
most analysts say it was a Boston Club founded in 1861, called Oneida Football Club. Even though
no one knows the rules or regulations they followed. It's not until Rutgers versus Princeton game in
1869, that we are given a glimpse of the sports early years. At this time there were 25 players on a
team. Each team was made up of 11 "fielders", 12 "bulldogs", and 2 "planters" whose job was to
wait by the other teams unguarded

Analysis Of The Football Controversy
I choose a topic about the finances of the Washington Redskins who are part of the largest sports
league in North America, the National Football league. I have always been intrigued by the teams
earning potential and while being part of one of the most controversial branding battles in league
history regarding the team's name, they consistently rank in the top three in annual revenue. Amidst
the team's on–going controversy, could residing in the major sports market of the National Capital
region aid to the Washington football teams financial success or does being part of the $8 billion
dollar corporation known as the National Football league guarantee's substantial returns? The NFL
became a member of the nation's elite corporations due to the selling of the rights to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began aggressive marketing campaigns along the mid–Atlantic coast attracting fans from
northern Maryland thru South Carolina (Oriard 2010). At the time the Redskins were the only team
on the east coast between Philadelphia and Jacksonville. This expansion of the Redskins brand
commanded the $1.7 billion split of the leagues broadcasting right revenue. In November 1999, Mr.
Snyder pioneered an unprecedented deal at the time selling the rights naming rights of formerly Jack
Kent Cooke Stadium to FedEx for an average of $7.6 million dollars per year. Although the
Washington Redskins continue to rank high amongst their NFL counterparts, this franchise still have
not reached its max earning potential. With other major companies such as Nike paying the league
for exclusive rights to make uniforms or DirecTv paying for the right to broadcast out of market
games to displaced fans, coupled with ticket and merchandise sales the Washington Redskins will
continue to reap the financial benefits of being a franchise of America's favorite

Afl History
The National Football League is an extremely popular organization comprised of 32 professional
American football teams. these teams are split up equally into two sub–divisions; the AFC
(American Football Conference, and the NFC (National Football Conference). The NFL was created
in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association (APFA) in an attempt to get rid of
bidding for players between rival clubs and to create cooperation with schedules. The APFA
eventually in 1923, renamed itself as the National Football League. Then, in 1966 the NFL and the
American Football League (AFL) decided to merge, bringing forth the first superbowl. Nowadays,
the NFL is the most popular and highest attended professional sports league in the world. The ...
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The league's contracts do not, however, cover preseason game. The teams are allowed to sell the
games to local stations. The NFL has a ton of ways to broadcast media. One of the most effective
ways to broadcast media is through commercials. During the Superbowl, one of the main focuses is
the commercials. Because so many people are watching, it is a prime time to promote products. The
NFL also uses ethos to help promote their organization. The NFL uses their players to promote
them, because they are so popular and have such a following. If one of the player promotes
something it will make their fanbase want it as well. The NFL has a fairly large reach. They are the
most popular professional sports organization in the U.S. They also have plenty of fans

NFL History
Exploration, Encounter, and Exchange Through Out NFL History For decades, the National Football
League has entertained Americans. Through this organization, football has quickly become one of
our nation's greatest pastimes. With exploration of the league, expansion teams are becoming a more
popular idea. Which means, not only us, but also our brothers across the pond may soon share our
excitement every Sports Sunday in the very near future. Although this would be the NFL's first
international team, it would not be their first international game. Exploration into the United
Kingdom has come with some logistical problems but with NFL executives having board meetings
regularly, there is a possibility to have a team in London as early as 2022. ... Show more content on
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One of the most memorable trades in NFL history was when the Patriots traded QB Drew Bledsoe to
the Buffalo Bills for a first round pick in the 2003 draft. Before the trade there was an ongoing
debate if the Patriots would keep their franchise quarterback, Drew Bledsoe or stick with the young
stud Tom Brady. The Tom Brady, who had just won the Patriots first Super bowl coming off the
bench in 2002. After the trade Coach Bill Belichick had answered all the questions and made his
decision to stick with newbie Tom Brady

Examples Of Performance Analysis In Soccer
Introduction–
The critical review of this performance analysis paper titled, Game location and team quality effects
on performance profiles in professional soccer, authors Joaquin Lago–ballesteros and Carlos Lago–
Penas.
Researchers and team sports professionals all over the world are using performance analysis both to
improve their understanding of their sport and the development of their teams (Taylor et al., 2008).
The aim of this investigation therefore was to examine the influence of game location and team
quality on tactical and technical performances (primary measure of performance). The first objective
was to extend the existing home advantage literature in soccer that has examined a limited number
of performance indicators (e.g., Nevill ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since Schwartz and Barsky's study (1977), home advantage is well established at both amateur and
professional level in many sports (Gomez et al., 2008; Varca, 1980) not just in soccer but in all
sports, according to (R Pollard and G Pollared et al, 2007) home advantage can be seen in Baseball,
Basketball, American football, hockey and soccer. Specifically for soccer, home advantage has been
shown to exist since the start of the Football League in England in 1888 1889 and has been shown to
continue across all the leagues of the professional sport since the early years (Nevill and Holder,
1999; Pollard and Pollard, 2005, Sanchez et al., 2009). In an attempt to improve the understanding
of the occurrence, Courneya and Carron (1992) proposed an outline to investigate the effects of the
match location or competition and any subsequent home advantage. The framework comprised five
interrelated components suggested to influence home advantage, including the match venue, game
location factors, the critical psychological and behavioural states of the competitors, coaches, and
officials, and the subsequent performance

Followers, Fans And Fever Pitch
Looking at football from a perspective other than just the physical aspect of the game is such an
interesting topic because you can truly begin to see how the game has changed socially and
economically. The rules itself have stayed the same for many years, but the social aspect of the game
has changed dramatically. As I will talk about, in my opinion, there are fewer fans that have a true
connection with their club which relates to both of this weeks readings: Supporters, Followers, Fans
and Fever Pitch.
Connecting Supporters, Followers, Fans and Flaneurs by Richard Guilianotti and Fever Pitch by
Nick Hornby, it is clear to understand what type of fan Hornby was according to Guilianotti. Hornby
clearly displays a strong passion for "his" club, Arsenal, and based off the stories that he tells he
would be classified as a supporter. A supporter "has a long–term personal and emotional investment
in the club" which results in a strong passion for anything involving their club (Guilianotti 33). I
thought how the three pieces of writing connected were interesting because it seems to me today that
in today's world you do not hear about people that are so strongly passionate about clubs and teams
anymore like Hornby. But why?
In my perspective there may be a multitude of reasons which include football not being as popular
here in the United States and that football appears to be so socially based compared to what it used
to be. Throughout Hornby's book Fever Pitch I constantly got

NFL Playoff Case Study
Fun Fact the NFL was founded on August 20th 1920 in ohio. First Super Bowl was January 15th
1962 against the Green Bay Packers and the Kansas City Chiefs. NFL stand for National Football
League they have 32 teams in the league. My issue is that NFL Playoff should be the same. My
claim is i disagree they should not change the NFL Playoffs. The NFL Playoff should stay the same
format and not change it. The NFL has two conferences and eight divisions for a reason. Those
divisions are important because they not only foster healthy (or perhaps in some cases unhealthy)
rivalries, but they also create a balanced scheduling format that is as equitable as any in pro sports.
Each team in the division plays the exact same schedule with the exception ... Show more content on
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NFL commissioner Roger Goodell recently floated the idea of an expanded playoff format ––
adding two teams to make it 14 for the postseason –– but it appears the current format will remain in
place.When the league was pondering an 18–game schedule, fans and media seemed against it. And
the never–ending chatter about expanding the playoff field inevitably leads to people complaining
about too many mediocre teams making the postseason as it is. The NFL playoffs are just about
perfect. There's usually a thrilling chase for the six playoff spots in the final weeks of the season.
Though some teams back into the postseason, the last squads in usually earn their spots in Week 17.
Once the field is set, a five–week, 11–game playoffs gets underway, culminating in the biggest
sporting event of the year. Why mess with a good thing?he NFL playoffs need to be reseeded–not
just after each round, but before the start of the postseason tournament altogether.If the playoffs are
a true test to find the best team in football, then the league's owners owe it to their fans and everyone
involved with the league to structure the playoffs properly, once and for all. It will remain the same
format in the NFL Playoffs.They wanted to keep the NFL Playoff the same.The NFL Playoff are just
perfect as they way they are. The NFL Playoff do need to be reseeded the playoffs are a true test to
find the best team in

Cowboys
The Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football team in the Eastern Division of the
National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL). They are based in the
Dallas suburb of Irving, Texas. The team currently plays their home games at Texas Stadium in
Irving, but they are scheduled to move to a new stadium in nearby Arlington in 2009.[1] The
Cowboys joined the NFL as a 1960 expansion team.[2] The team's national following might best be
represented by its NFL record of consecutive games in front of sold out stadiums. The Cowboys'
streak of 160 sold–out regular and post–season games began in 1990, and included 79 straight
sellouts at their home, Texas Stadium, and 81 straight sell–outs on the road.[3] An ... Show more
In 1959 the AFL formed and included a team named the Dallas Texans. Texas multimillionaire Clint
Murchison, Jr, owned this team. He then hired Texas "Tex" Schramm, to run his team. The Dallas
Texans' team was built with free agents and acquired players because the 1960 NFL college draft
had already taken place and the new head coach Tom Landry was hired. (Italia 6). With the team
starting to be built, January 28, 1960, the NFL voted to award a franchise to the Dallas Texans'
owner (Italia 7). The team then finished organizing and hired a staff. In March of 1960, their name
was changed to the Dallas Cowboys (Italia 8). I had never known the beginning of this team and it
sparked my curiosity to research further. "Tom Landry knew right away that he was in trouble"
(Savage 31). The expansion team of 1960 was created with rejects from other NFL teams. The
players who were sent to Dallas were the worst three players from each team (Savage 31). "When
Landry got his first look at the motley squad, he had one thought. " It was just a matter of time
"Landry said, "before I'd be

American Needle vs. The National Football League Properties
The teams of the NFL established the NFLP or National Football League Properties to "develop,
license, and market" the teams' intellectual property in 1963. The organization allowed a certain
amount of nonexclusive licenses to a variety of licensees. American Needle was one of the
licensees. They made a variety of headwear that displayed the various NFL team logos. The
licensing agreement lasted until 2000. The NFL teams sanctioned the NFLP to give Reebok an
exclusive license for headwear. With this decision, the NFLP did not renew American Needle's
license or the licenses of any other headwear vendors.
American Needle Inc. filed a suit in an Illinois district court against the NFL, NFLP, NFL teams, and
Reebok, claiming that this exclusive license agreement violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act, 15 §
U.S.C. 1, which outlaws any "contract, combination . . . or conspiracy, in restraint of trade."
American Needle argued that because individual teams separately own their team logos and
trademarks, their collective agreement to authorize NFLP to award the exclusive headwear license
to Reebok, was a conspiracy to restrict other vendors' ability to obtain licenses for the teams'
intellectual property.
The respondents, NFL, moved for a motion of summary judgment on the Section 1 claim, arguing it
was immune from antitrust liability as a single entity. In response, American Needle sought a
continuance and asked the U.S. District Court to allow discovery, a motion opposed by the

Athlete Advertisement : How Our Values Dictate Who We Use
Athlete Advertisement: How Our Values Dictate Who We Use "When you try me with a sorry
receiver like Crabtree, that's the result you gon' get!" were the words Richard Sherman belted out to
the country in the face of Erin Andrews after his Seahawks defeated the 49ers to go to the Super
Bowl. Before this moment, Richard Sherman was a name only close followers of the NFL knew. But
after this moment, he became a name the whole country knew. Just two weeks later, he was starring
in a Dr. Dre Beats advertisement (see Appendix Figure 1). Athletes throughout the history of our
country have done things that have catapulted them into fame. Their face's then cover products on
your TV or in the paper. The athletes we celebrate throughout our history represent different things
we, as a culture, valued at those times. We are more likely to buy a company 's product when an
athlete is on it. So advertisers use them. As our values have changed, so have the athletes used in
advertisements. The thirties and forties were defined by war. A trait that comes along with war is
nationalism. And with the end of the depression in the early thirties, it only added to this feeling of
nationalism in our country. Looking at advertisements from this time, they are often started with
"All–American" (see Appendix Figure 2). Although being an All–American is still a great honor
today, you will not find an advertisement that starts with defining someone as a former All–
American. This speaks to the emphasis

The Pros And Cons Of The NFLAs A NFL
Professional football is known to dominate all other American sports. Prime–time football is an
essential part of American culture. Each year anticipation for the start of the new season builds as
dedicated fans eagerly await for game time. People can't help but love the high energy and intensity
each game provides. Once a favorite team is picked, fans follow the season in hopes that their team
makes big at the Super Bowl. Whether going to experience a game in person or being able to watch
it on T.V the love people have for football is evident. The National Football League's popularity
draws in the largest amount of fans who fill stadiums to full capacity and even more viewers who
watch the broadcasts. The NFL is a huge market that many consider displaying monopoly power. I
believe that the NFL is indeed a monopoly due to the lack of competition/substitutes at that level,
the high barriers to entry, and their economies of scale.
Since the formation of the NFL, numerous football leagues have attempted to compete for control
over the professional football market. The National Football League has successfully been able to
eliminate their rivals from the market. In 1926, the American Football League (1st AFL) merged
called it quits after not making enough profits. In 1937, the American Football League (2nd AFL)
stopped its league after having reached limited audiences. In 1942, the American Football League
(3rd AFL) permanently discontinued their league due to the toll of World War II. In 1947, the World
Football League (WFL) ceased to exist because of being in a smaller market and not having enough
money. In 1949, the All–American Football Conference (AAFC) became incapable of maintaining
its league as a result of the direct competition it faced from the NFL. During this time period,
professional football had a relatively small market. The minimal number of attendees, as well as
financial problems, caused the AAFC to merge with the NFL. The All–American Football
Conference willingly handed over the Cleveland Browns, the San Francisco 49ers, and the
Indianapolis Colts (formerly the Baltimore Colts) to the National Football League. In 1970, the All
American Football League (final AFL) and the National

Super Bowl: The Formation Of American Football League
According to The History of the Super Bowl, American Football League's (AFL) merge with the
National Football League (NFL) with a bouncy rubber ball was the mother to Super Bowl. In 1966,
the NFL and AFL made a merging agreement that led to the creation of the NFL – AFL world
championship games. It was during the negotiations between the teams that Lamar Hunt came up
with the name Super bowl that he thought would only serve as a stop–gap until he could think of
something better. However, the name only became official in the year 1969 after the media and the
fans took to it rather than the long one that had been proposed to be the official name previously.
On the account of McGinn, the first team to win the Super bowl was the Green Bay packers,

Pittsburgh Essay
Pittsburgh has always been a city that loves sports. Memories of sports legends are at the core of
Pittsburgh like the Homestead Greys, Roberto Clemente, Franco Harris, and James Hamill. It does
not matter what the sport is it has a place in Pittsburgh's triumphant sporting community. Pittsburgh
has used sports as a way to tell its story about innovation, community, and excellence. Innovation is
part of Pittsburgh's sporting story. Sports in Pittsburgh has been constantly evolving. In the 1870s,
the most popular sport in Pittsburgh was rowing. However, rowing monopoly on sports in Pittsburgh
didn't last long. Soon other sports like biking, fox hunting, marbles, baseball, and football soon
entered Pittsburgh's sporting story in the late 19th ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When rowing was Pittsburgh most popular sport crowds gathered to watch the local rowers. This
trend of community involvement is best represented with Pittsburgh and the Negro Leagues. Gus
Grenlee made Pittsburgh the center of the Negro Leagues in the 1930s with his team the legendary
Pittsburgh Crawfords. The Crawfords employed local talent like Josh Gibson and brought diverse
African–American communities together on the ballfield. While, the Negro Leagues would fold
with baseball's integration in the 1940s the sense of community in sports never left Pittsburgh. In the
1960s, Art Rooney a Pittsburgh native refused to move his abysmal Steelers to other cities. The
Pirates also nearly moved during this time due to a similar abysmal performance. However, the
Pirates were purchased by a corporate coalition of Pittsburgh businesses. Neither of these teams left
Pittsburgh because of community involvement. In the modern era, community is still at the center of
Pittsburgh sports. Whenever the Steelers win a Super Bowl, Pittsburgh is filled with happy fans on
the street eager to take part in the festivities. Even distinct ethnic sports like Gaelic Football thrive in
Pittsburgh. Gaelic Football is primarily played by Irish descendants and allows for local players to
show their talent. Proving that Pittsburgh's community creates Pittsburgh's sporting

Antitrust Law And The Antitrust Laws
ANTITRUST
Antitrust law in the United States is a collection of federal and state government laws regulating the
conduct and organization of business corporations with the intent to promote fair competition in an
open–market economy for the benefit of the public. Congress passed the first antitrust statute, the
Sherman Antitrust Act, in 1890 in response to the public outrage toward big business. In 1914,
Congress passed two additional antitrust laws: the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton
Act. (The Antitrust Laws. Web.)
Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits the efforts of multiple firms to restrain trade by
controlling prices and supply in a market (46 Case W. Res. 1033). In terms of a professional sports
league, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
J. 121).
In 1961, Congress passed the Sports Broadcasting Act which allowed major professional sports to
pool the broadcast rights of its member clubs to negotiate television broadcast agreements that
normally would have violated federal antitrust laws. (21 Jeffery S. Moorad Sports Law Journal 577)
This antitrust exemption enabled the NFL to protect its primary revenue source of live attendance by
negotiating with the networks as to when and where games would be televised.
Five years later, in 1966, Congress passed the Public Law 89–900 which had a major impact on how
the NFL would be examined under federal law. The statue contained an antitrust provision that
allowed for the merger of the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League
(AFL) without the threat of an antitrust challenge under the Clayton Antitrust Act or Federal Trade
Commissions Act. The act stated that: "such laws shall not apply to a joint agreement by which the
member clubs of two or more professional football leagues, which are exempt from income tax
under section 501(c)(6) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, combine their operations in expanded
single league so exempt from income tax, if such agreement increases rather than decreases the
number of professional football clubs so operating, and the provisions of which are directly relevant
thereto." 15 U.S.C. § 1291. The merger between the NFL and AFL represented a unique
characteristic of the

Nfl Hbs Case Study Essay
NFL Case Study
1. Discuss the factors that have resulted in the NFL becoming "America's Game" and the most
popular sport in the country?
The fundamental reason for NFL becoming "America's Game" and the most popular sport in the
country is because the NFL was able to market the sport as an entertainment business.
Leveraging television and the fact that American football was only played in America, the
NFL was able to create a "holiday" feel that was unique and that American's took pride in, as a result
paid more attention to the sport. Another contributing factor was to control the quality of the
product. Making sure that each team had the resources to perform professionally and one team could
not gain absolute advantage was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example Formula One, as teams survive on sponsorship revenue, teams with manufacturer
support have a greater budget to invest in drivers and engineers, ultimately having a more
competitive package, and their greater spending is also rewarded by greater commercial revenue as
the revenue is granted based on performance rather than pooling. As a result, domination by a few
teams is extremely normal in Formula One.
3. Discuss Peter O'Reilly's marketing/brand strategy discussed in the case along with Alex and
Matt's comments in class. What do you think has made it successful and offer other ideas on how the
NFL can more effectively build the NFL brand and continue to grow its fan base?
Peter O'Reilly's marketing/ brand strategy's main objective was to generate pride amongst
individual, families, cities and the nation. Americans develop a sense of ownership to the sport as a
result invest must more interest into it. The NFL is able to leverage the fact that
American football is not a global sport but has global audience in terms of numbers. By marketing
the brand as "intense" (delivering "edge of your seat, heart–pounding excitement"),
"meaningful" (being "much more than just a game"), and "unifying" (forging "bonds among
families, friends, and even strangers," uniting "entire cities and even the nation"). It defines part of
American culture and habits, as a result the longer the sport lasts the more engrained it is in
American culture, the more

The Greatest Commissioner National Football League
Introduction: Pete Rozelle was the greatest commissioner National Football League had, and he was
not even the first or second choice for the job, but before being named commissioner Rozelle had a
distinguished youth. Officially named Alvin Ray Rozelle, was nicknamed "Pete" by his favorite
uncle, who just like his father, always supported Pete's interest in sports and the outdoors. As a high
school student he played basketball and tennis and was the sports editor of his school paper, and
worked at the Long Beach Press Telegram newspaper. He also left his home to serve our country in
the U.S. Navy in WWII, when he returned home to Los Angles he enrolled to Compton Community
College in 1946. During his time there he worked part–time for the Los Angeles Rams as a public
relations assistant, which lead him to meet and impress Pete Newell, head coach of the University of
San Francisco Dons basketball team. Pete Newell was so impressed by Pete Rozelle he was able to
help arrange for him to get a full time scholarship to work at USF. At USF, Pete Rozelle worked as
an undergraduate athletic news director, where he was able to draw attention to the basketball team
winners of the 1949 basketball Tournament. And after graduating in 1950 he was soon hired as the
new full time Athletic News Director, as well as the assistant director of the school's sports
programs. After severing as the Athletic News director for two years, Rozelle was soon contacted by
the Los Angeles Rams offering

The Governing Body And League Format For American Football
The NFL, the governing body and league format for American football is the largest grossing
sporting league in the world. The sport symbolises and embodies American culture as it is fast
paced, dazzling razzmatazz of a show brought to a conclusion every year by the greatest show on
earth, the Super Bowl. The themes explored are going to be America's issue with race, how the sport
has evolved with TV and commercialism linking the sport to capitalism and the free market. And
just like the opening a theme will be size, how large everything is about the sport and the country
and how it is associated with the US. According to the Harris poll of 2015 35% of Americans say the
NFL is their favourite sport, this has been the case since 1985. Baseball referred to as 'America's
game' came in being in second despite the NFL being two and half times more popular, showing that
'America's game' is an incorrect reference as it does not reflect American society. Therefore it is no
surprise that the NFL has significant cultural status within American society and history. The US is a
symbol of the modern world, the new world order and football has grown and been shaped as a
result of this. As a society the US is built on immigration, people leaving squalor in Europe where
social mobility was next to impossible due to the ingrained social hierarchies, or merely to seek
more riches in a new land. As a result this was seen as a fresh start where people would earn and
achieve what they

Summary: American Needle Vs. National Football League
There were many important Supreme Court cases that have occurred in the past. One of them was
American Needle versus the National Football League. In this case, the American Needle
Incorporation filed a suit against the NFL and Reebok citing that the teams' licensing agreement
disrupted the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Sherman Antitrust Act was the first act passed by Congress
to prohibit trusts. "A trust was an arrangement by which stockholders in several companies
transferred their shares to a set of trustees." (ourdocuments.gov) American Needle argued that
because each NFL team owns their own team logos and trademarks, which is their own agreement to
authorize NFL Properties to accept the headwear license to Reebok, declared the agreement ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the plaintiff's arguments, Needle argued that the NFL teams (specifically NFLP and Reebok)
violated sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act by sighting violating activity within the
market of each NFL team's intellectual property. For the defendant's arguments, the teams of the
NFL, and NFLP, said that all 32 teams have their own market business, each separate from the rest.
This means each and every business has the right to freely share licenses with vendors and
companies. The defendants arguments were very true, making the plaintiff shaky about the case. In
the final decision, the Court declared the teams free of licensing their trademark to the market,
because each team still owns their own intellectual property. This means they are their own business,
not covered under Section 1 of the antitrust act. The majority decision was finally made on May 24,
2010. The Justices involved in this case were Justice Roberts, Justice Stevens, Justice Scalia, Justice
Kennedy, Justice Thomas, Justice Ginsburg, Justice Breyer, Justice Alito, and Justice Sotomayor.
Justice John P. Stevens voted for the majority, along with

Business Analysis: The Super Bowl
The Super Bowl: Continuing to generate 'buzz' about America's biggest sporting event Table of
contents Executive summary....3 Problem (Issue) statement...3 Data analysis...3 Key decision
criteria...5 Alternatives analysis...7 Recommendations...7 Action and implementation plan...8
Executive summary This paper is a case analysis of the business aspects of marketing the Super
Bowl, America's largest sporting event. The Super Bowl is the most popular televised sporting event
and is widely watched even by viewers with little interest in football who are mainly attracted to its
funny and edgy advertising. Because the Super Bowl cannot be relied upon year to year to generate
'buzz' based upon its status as a sporting event, depending upon the teams that make it to the finals,
it must rely upon 'event marketing' as a strategy and also 'play up' other aspects of the event, such as
the foods, parties, and social aspects of watching the game. This is the optimal way to ensure that
the Super Bowl audience does not become fragmented: the cohesiveness of watching the Super
Bowl as an American event should be stressed in its positioning. Problem (Issue) statement The
Super Bowl is one of the leading sports events in America. Watching the Super Bowl unites
Americans of all genders, classes, and levels of sports fandom. Even people who are not traditional
sports fans will often watch the Super Bowl for its entertaining advertising. However, there are
concerns that the

What Is The Role Of Professional Sports In The 1920's
The NFL was established relatively close to same time the MLB was beginning, but the NFL was
not quite as popular, organized, and consistent as the MLB. Professional football was a little behind
in time compared to baseball considering that college football, the NCAA, officially established
about the same time that the MLB did. Therefore, the NFL went through many stages of
development to establish what it is today. In the beginning of professional football, in the 1920's, the
American Professional Football Association formed at a meeting in Canton where fourteen original
teams joined, and Jim Thorpe was unanimously elected president because he appointed the
committee of owners to actually run APFA. forty–four different franchises existed, but only four of
the franchises still exist today. This shows how inconsistent franchises were, how easily they were
established, and how hard it must have been to create a game schedule.
The Chicago Bears, Chicago Cardinals, Green Bay Packers, and New York Giants are the only
franchises to survive over time. It was incredibly easy to start a new professional football ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe that this was because most of the franchises in professional football were located in small
midwestern towns where the majority was not living, but college football had a lot of success
because it occurred in larger towns with bigger stadiums. For example, the biggest game attendance
for professional football in 1920 was 12,000 people at Decatur against Akron; however, the largest
crowed for college football was Harvard against Yale which had 80,000 fans attend. On the other
hand, professional baseball was building massive, expensive stadiums to hold all of its fans. So
professional football was unlike a major league team because of how unpopular it was compared to

Mr. Hairston's Effective Tactics In Bears To Dance To
In Tunes for Bears to Dance To, when Mr. Hairston first proposes that Henry destroy the wooden
village, he uses three effective tactics to try and convince the young boy. First, Mr. Hairston bribes
Henry with the promise of rewards to tempt him into doing it. For example, Mr. Hairston offers to
buy the gravestone Henry wanted for his brother Eddie's grave. Hairston also tells Henry he will get
the day off and still get paid if he does this task. Mr. Hairston explains to Henry that all good can
come by doing this. This tactic is effective because Henry really needs the money right now if he
wants to be successful and create the gravestone to make his dad proud and happy again. Secondly,
when he sees Henry's resistance, Hairston turns to rationalizations to make Henry believe he
wouldn't be doing anything wrong. To illustrate, Mr. Hairston told Henry that the village is just a
toy. Hairston stated that, "all toys get broken at some point." This really makes Henry ... Show more
Hairston threatens Henry by telling him that he will fire him and also talk about him to other people.
He will persuade people that he can't be trusted too. Hairston knows the owner of the diner his
mother works at. If Henry doesn't succeed, Hairston will tell the owner to fire his mom as well. Now
that Mr. Hairston brought his family into this he may have actually have to smash the village
because Henry's mom already has a lot on her mind. Also, Hairston threatens to tell the town about
Henry's father being sick in the hospital because of his mental illness. This tactic is effective because
it makes Henry believe he has no other option and thinks he has to listen to Mr. Hairston. It puts him
in a very tough situation that can lead to conflict making either decision. To conclude, Mr. Hairston
proposes that Henry destroy the village using three effective tactics. All three try to convince the
young boy to do so and this leaves him with a very difficult decision in the

Steroids In The 1960's
The 1960's were a dramatic time in the United States. It was a time of free love, the Vietnam war
and steroid use in sports. Government agencies were forced to take action and to put a stop to drug
use in sports after the deaths for steroid use in the 1960 and 1967 Olympics. They were also forced
to strip away victories from so many well respected men and women. This time period was known
for so many things, but it will always be remembered as the golden age of steroids. It all began
around 1935, steroid use was rare at this time. Then suddenly it was starting to be looked at and
taken seriously around 1965 as it became more common. A man named Mr. Olympia, Larry Scott
also know as Larry the Legend, was a professional bodybuilder in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Not many people can handle the intense heat. It was time for the start of the summer Olympics. The
100 km team race and a runner by the name of Knut Jensen. He is up to run and then mid–way
through the race he begins to get tired and falls down bouncing his head off the ground. All of the
athletic trainers run to him to help him. The impact from his head hitting the ground killed him.
There was nothing they could do. They ran some tests to see why he had collapsed, the olympic
committee figured it would be due to the intense heat. The autopsy later found out that Jensen had
died because he used Ronicol, a type of steroid. This tragedy would make this the second person to
die during the olympics the first person was a marathon runner who died from heat exhaustion
(Historical

Argumentative Essay On The Super Bowl
Sports are integrated into people's lives. They have a great influence on human society, not only for
people's health but also for cultural development. Different countries like and are good at different
sports. For example, when people hear about China, people will think of ping–pong. When people
hear about Brazil, people will think of soccer. Currently, the United States is the most powerful
country in the world. What type of sports are the Americans good at or like? It must be the American
football. In the United States, what professional American football event is the most watched?
People have to say that it must be The Super Bowl. The Super Bowl is so really popular in America
that the Sunday of The Super Bowl has become compared to a national festival. Every single year,
lots of popular singers and musicians give people a big show during the halftime of the game.
Thanksgiving day is the first–largest food consumption day in the United States, and which day is
the second? Of course be The Super Bowl Sunday. (TicketCity). The Super Bowl has a great impact
on many aspects of Americans.
What is The Super Bowl? "The Super Bowl is the championship football game played annually
between the AFC and NFC division champions of the NFL." In 1970, the National Football League
and the American Football League officially announced the merger, but they think the two single
league champions should have a match which can decide who is the world football champion, so
they established

The Sport Of Soccer And Soccer
Soccer is, without a doubt, the best and the most beloved sport in the world but nobody would think
that this astounding sport was hated by the place where it was originated, the America. Soccer is the
worldwide sport with huge majority of subscribers all over the world. Unlike soccer, football is
mainly an American sport which only attracts the Americans. But why American peoples hate
soccer? There are a lot of debates that goes on regards with football and soccer. Whenever the
controversy between two of these competitive sports goes, we still agree that soccer and football are
the most anticipated sport with the largest viewer that ever existed. Although these two sports don't
really get along, but they can't avoid sharing each other similarities and differences such as
popularity, time and last but not least, skill. Firstly, popularity is the factor that determined if the
sport is good or not. As we all know, soccer has the wide amount of fans around the world but what
is the element that makes this sport so popular? This question can only be answered with two words
''World Cup'', the word "World" literally means global. World Cup is a football tournament which
celebrated every four years, a competition that only for the best national teams to compete with each
other to win the champion title for their country. The impact of this tournament is extremely intense,
some of the soccer fans were in love of this sport so much they spend hours of waiting and millions
of

Guan Jondred Dollar Analysis
Guan Jondred Dollar was directed by Antonio Galicia it shows a white male going to a hotel and
requested a room to rent and wanted to see it before he checked in. the owner said he could but for
on hundred dollars but if he didn't like it he can have his money back. the owner's son took the many
to the "presidential suites" which was the fairest room from the front. While his son was showing
him the room he went to a lady that he owed money to, and once she got it she took it to a butcher
who she owed money to and he did the same thing and so on. Until the money goes from back to the
hotel owners who then give it to the white man who gave it to him originally. In the end the money
went through everyone just to return back to its original owner.

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