The Bush Doctrine

The Bush Doctrine
September 11, 2001, an Islamic extremist group known as Al–Qaeda brought a series of devastating
attacks upon major targets in the United States. 19 militants apart of this group were separated on
four different airliners that were successfully completed the attacks on the world trade centre in the
heart of New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and one that was believed to be
heading for the white house that crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. These attacks resulted in
extensive death and desolation, with over three thousand people killed in New York City and
Washington, D.C, including over four hundred policeman and firefighters who risked their lives to
save remaining survivors in the extremist of conditions. The attacks had ... Show more content on
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The declaration of war seemed not to be enough to defend for the people of America, so Bush
implemented new strategies that have proved to be extremely effective as there have been no
massacres that have occurred in the U.S ever since 9/11. The counter–terrorism efforts have made
the country safer, and the major legislations that were passed have helped millions of Americans
since September 11,
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Patriot Act Essay
Patriot Act The 9/11 terrorist attacks caused a great panic in the United States. They threatened the
safety of everyone as a nation. On September 11th, 2001 19 men associated with the Islamic
extremist group named al–Qaeda, hijacked four airplanes and they carried out suicide attacks against
the United States. Two of the airplanes were flown into both towers of the World Trade Center in
New York City, the third airplane hit the Pentagon just outside of Washington, D.C., and the fourth
airplane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. More than 3,000 innocent people lost their lives that day
(Soma). The Patriot Act is a U.S. law passed because of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
The goals of the Patriot Act are to strengthen national security and broaden the powers of law–
enforcement agencies with regards to identifying and stopping terrorists (Justice). The passing and
renewal of the Patriot Act has been extremely controversial. Supporters claim that it's been helpful
in several investigations and arrests of terrorists, while others argue the act gives the government too
much power, threatens civil liberties and weakens the very democracy it seeks to protect (Smith). I
believe the patriot act is an invasion of privacy and it belittles our fourth amendment. Title one of
the patriot act authorizes federal money to accomplish much of the act's necessities and authorizes
the Secret Service to create a nationwide electronic crime task force. This section also gives the

Homeland Security
In response to the devastating events that occurred on September 11, 2001, the Department of
Homeland Security was created. A new perspective that the tragic attack forced upon the
government was that our borders started way beyond the water's edge and to effectively combat
national security threats, they had to be stopped prior to reaching our borders. That is one realization
that has caused international governments to work together to help one another track and monitor
travel and threat potential from individuals around the world. Another key perspective that the attack
brought to the government was the need for interagency coordination. Why? Homeland Security is
not cannot be tackled from solely and international perspective, government ... Show more content
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I will argue that there is a statistically significant difference between those who chose to be a foreign
fighter and those who chose to commit extremist acts within the United States on behalf of ISIS.
This is due to the difference in the cost–benefit analysis of the two phenomenon that are weighed by
a radicalized individual. I believe that more individuals that are radicalized will become foreign
fighters because the benefit of physical inclusion and proximity to ISIS territory outweighs the cost
of joining and being a part of a designated terrorist organization. While on the other hand, although
a more feasible option, the benefit of commit a terrorist act on behalf of ISIS is not outweigh the
cost of being labeled a terrorist within the United States. As my data set I will solely be focusing on
those that have been convicted of charges related to ISIS controlling for age, gender, and time
sentenced. Since there is no data on potential recruits I will attempt to explain my findings through
different social movement theories to explain both the differences in the two phenomenon and the
causes. I will measure my theories based on the plea of those charged with crimes related to ISIS
since that is the best way to measure the cost benefit analysis conducted by the individuals. For
reasons explained

The Division Of Foreign Assets Control
"The Division of Foreign Assets Control was established in the Office of International Finance by a
Treasury Department order in 1950, after People 's Republic of China entered the Korean War. On
October 15, 1962, through a Treasury Department order, the Division of Foreign Assets Control
became the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). "
The U.S. Department of the Treasury started administering the US economic sanctions against
foreign states with the War against Britain in 1812, where Secretary Albert Gallatin imposed
sanctions against Great Britain in retaliation for to the harassment of American sailors. After that
there was OFAC played a key role in enforcing sanction against Cuba after the Cuban revolution;
Iraq for the Kuwait invasion and recently against Russia in Ukrainian invasion. (Wikipedia)
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is an arm of the U.S. Treasury Department that
creates updates and circulates a list of nations, persons and organizations, which are considered as
national security threats for the United States.
What issues are OFAC expected tackle?
OFAC was created to tackle and deter threats such as money laundering, terror financing, American
monetary assistance from rouge states and sanctioned organizations.
Why is OFAC important?
OFAC plays a key role in aiding BSA/AML compliance against terrorist financing and anti–national
financial activities by setting up sanction or watch list of people, organisations and nations with
whom no

Customs and Border Protection
United States Customs and Border Protection
Mr. Angelo, Joseph
CJ 355
Jonathan Mesngon
July 20, 2014
Abstract
This paper explores an overview of the mission and the overall organization of the United States
Customs and Border Protection (CBP). It will also discuss the roles and responsibilities of the
organization, its history, and how they support the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This
paper will provide you with facts, highlights, and challenges germane to CBP. You will understand
how CBP interacts and operates with the intelligence community and the Armed Forces in order to
meet up to their responsibilities.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
History
The origin of Customs and Border Protection can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On a normal day, CBP welcomes nearly 1 million visitors, screens more than 67,000 cargo
containers, arrests more than 1,100 individuals and seizes nearly 6 tons of illicit drugs. CBP is
charged with keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the U.S. while aiding the lawful
international travel and trade (CBP.GOV, 2014).
Organization
From the top of the chart, Commissioner Kerlikowske oversees the dual U.S. Customs and Border
Protection mission of protecting national security objectives while promoting economic prosperity
and security, while Acting Deputy Commissioner McAleenan is the chief operating official of the
60,000–employee border agency. As the Chief of Staff of CBP, Dr. Kimberly O'Connor is
responsible for supporting the Commissioner in carrying out CBP's vital mission of guarding our
nation's borders. The mission of these the 60,000 well–trained and dedicated CBP employees is
overseen by 14 assistant commissioners, who lead organizations in law enforcement, regulatory,
intelligence, technology and other support efforts. The office of the commissioner also oversees
executive offices that provide an array of expertise from policy and planning to trade relations and
privacy and civil rights (see Appendix A for CBP organizational chart). Within DHS, the
organizational structure of the Office of the Secretary was altered under the provisions of the act; the
secretary oversees

The Changes that Came After 9/11 Essay
September 11, 2001 marked the most horrific day in history for United States of America. The
events of this day changed the lives of those residing in America forever. United States was
considered somewhat safe, in regards to terrorists' attacks. However, this all came to a screeching
halt when 19 militants known to be a part of the Al–Qaeda terrorist group hijacked four planes for
the purpose of destroying targeted areas in the United States. As a result of the deadly attack on the
United States, security measures drastically changed. Although, security measures throughout the
United States have been in place, extreme caution came into effect. All departments looked at
different measures to improve preventing terrorists' attacks. ... Show more content on
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As a result, many more people to include fire fighters lost their lives during the collapse of the
World Trade Center. Through all this chaos, a fourth plane had been on hijacked; the delay of
departure allowed for the passengers to learn of the events that occurred with the other three planes.
The passengers of the fourth plane sacrifice their lives to prevent the hijackers from hitting their
next target. It was discovered that attacks were the results America's part in the Persian Gulf War.
The hijackers were discovered to be Islamic terrorists who received funding from the Osama Bin
Laden's organization. This deadly massacre caused America to take some drastic measures in
different departments. Department of Homeland Security, aviation and US Customs and
Immigration immediately made changes that would help to prevent from any future terrorist attacks.
The Department of Homeland Security is to protect the nation from any type of threats. Through the
Department of Homeland Security are areas such as, aviation, border security, emergency response
cybersecurity analyst and chemical facility inspector (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, n.d.).
Department of Homeland Security went through a complete overhaul, as a result of the September
11 terrorist attack. "...the Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002 established the Cabinet–
level Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and created the position of Homeland Security"

Patriot Act Pros And Cons
Together with money laundering and counterfeiting foreign currency, border control has the
authority to take part in these acts. The Department of State requires a final form regulation that
administers the procedure for taking fingerprints, with which the Department of State is allowed to
use this information. Not long after the Department of State requested this action, The National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) arranged the development of technology standards to
verify the identity of a person applying for a United States visa. The logic was to make the standard
technology basis for a cross–agency, cross–platform electronic system used for directing
background checks, confirming identities and safeguarding that people have ... Show more content
Constant controversy have aggravated several Americans since the Patriot Act goes slightly against
the fourth amendment. The fourth amendment is the right of people to be secure in their homes,
papers, and effect, against unreasonable search and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants
shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing
the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (Fourth Amendment – U.S.
Constitution – FindLaw, n.d.). The Patriot Act was implemented for the creation of new laws and for
the amendments of current ones for the intent of more efficient terrorism prevention and
investigation. The act made changes to the already present amendments, which entitled privacy to
American citizens, including the following: wiretap statute, electronic communications privacy act,
computer fraud and abuse act, foreign intelligence surveillance act, family education rights and
privacy act, pen register and trap and trace statute, money laundering act, immigration and
nationality act, money laundering control act, bank secrecy act, right to financial privacy act, and
fair credit reporting act (Department of Government and Justice Studies, n.d.). As a result, the
Patriot Act contains all of the same checks and balances that the American public has become
accustomed to seeing in their government testimonies (List of Pros and Cons of The Patriot Act,

Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Case Study
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is a 235–page Act of Congress,
signed by the president affecting the United States laws of federal terrorism. The titles and subject
issues were composed to better enforce the procedures for any future terrorist's attacks. The
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act established the Director of National Intelligence,
the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. This act
also states that the Homeland Security is to take charge of flights both foreign and domestic for all
information on passengers and crew for individuals on the Federal Government watch lists. Case
Study: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention and Its ... Show more content on
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The Director of National Intelligence, appointed by the Senate, works closely with the president.
The DNI is to effectively integrate all national and homeland security intelligence in defense of the
homeland and in support of the United States National security interests. Directors Duties The
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act give the Director of National Intelligence the
responsibilities of acting as the head of the Intelligence Community; acting principle advisor for
matters involving national security intelligence; manage, oversee, and direct the National
Intelligence Program. This Act also requires the Director to ensure that all National intelligence
based information is passed on to, first the President; all heads of departments and agencies of the
executive branch; the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders; and the
Senate and House of Representatives and congressional committees. The Director of the Intelligence
National Investigation has an office specific for him full of employees and staff members to help
and discover the information needed to make the decisions regarding any and all terrorist attacks.
The staff in genera includes the Community Management Staff; Co–Location is not allowed to
locate anywhere else with any other intelligence agencies; Deputy Directors assists the Director and
is next in line if the Director is not able to fulfill their duties;

Terrorism Research Paper
b. United States' Efforts
Since September 11th, there has been significant interest in terrorist funding, more specifically the
moving of money through charities and charitable donations. After the attacks, the U.S. Treasury
Department was primarily focused on the freezing of assets, with U.S. policy being "starving the
terrorists of funding and shutting down the institutions that support or facilitate terrorism." It was
already illegal to provide or collect funds for acts of terrorism or to provide material support to
designated terrorist organizations . The Office of Foreign Assets Control, within the Office of
Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network are two
bureaus within the U.S. Treasury ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
13224), which was enacted after the September 11, 2001 attacks and "blocks all property and
interests in property within the United States or in the possession or control of U.S. persons,
including foreign branches, in which there is an interest of any person listed in the order or
subsequently designated under the order." E.O 13224 authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, more
specifically OFAC to "designate those persons . . . who are owned or controlled by, or that act for or
on behalf of, designated persons; those who assist in, sponsor, or provide financial, material, or
technological support for, or financial or other services to or in support of acts of terrorism or
designated persons; and those who are ―otherwise associated with‖ designated persons."
In using this authority, OFAC has designated approximately five hundred forty–seven (547)
individuals and entities since May 2010. Of these designated individuals and entities approximately
sixty (60) are charities, their branches, and associated individuals and nine (9) are located within the
United States. Approximately $3 million worth of assets has been blocked because of these nine (9)
charities.
While OFAC's primary purpose is to enforce sanctions against individuals, countries, and
organizations that sponsor terrorism, it also strives to educate charities and individual donors. For
example, OFAC "has actively engaged with charitable organizations to

U.s. Security Since 911
Changes in U.S. Security Since 911
By
Travis Bublitz
LA 11 Quarter 3 online
May 2015
Then They Were Gone. The twin towers turn into a pile of ash and rubble after two planes
disintegrate in the center of both towers. People were running every were to get to out of the ash and
smoke fire fighters running in while everyone is running out many not making it back out. From this
day on nothing has been the same the people were devastated that it happened and cried out for
better security in our nation. Since September 11, 2001 United States security procedures have
drastically changed.
After the revolutionary war George Washington set a guide line for our national security. First he
wanted to "maintain international independence" then "focus on economic growth" (Donohue 1589).
He felt like that it was important to support our countries economy but not at the price of sacrificing
our security. Under George Washington direction the Constitutional Convention wanted a national
government that could keep the country safe from foreign attacks and keep the individual states
unified. They created a constitution that "strengthened the national government's control over the
military and foreign affairs, as well as over taxation and commerce" (Donohue 1588, 1591).
After the Spanish–American War the focus of the U.S. security changed. United States people felt
like they should help shape the international affairs not just sit back and react to them. This

The Federal Republic Of Germany
The Federal Republic of Germany was at a crossroads in the mid–1960s, still under the shadow of
World War II, but viewing the future with optimism. In the seven years between being chosen as
host and staging the event itself, Germany experienced favorable economic conditions and a belief
in technocratic optimism, but was equally marked by national and international debate and dispute.
The symbolic potential of the Games did not escape the Munich organizers who took just one month
in 1965 to secure promises of funding from the city of Munich, the Bavarian State and the Federal
Government. Hosting the Games was deemed to be of immense importance. As Chancellor Willy
Brandt said, "Munich 1972 was to serve as a showcase of modern Germany", a chance to replace
memories of the Third Reich with images of a thriving and a prosperous Federal Republic. It was an
opportunity to present an optimistic Germany to the world through its 'Happy Games' – its official
motto.
In the United States, the beginning of the 1970s was a period of much political and civil unrest. The
Vietnam War was still going on. U.S. troops invaded Cambodia. Four students at Kent State
University in Ohio were slain by National Guardsmen at a protest demonstration. Governor George
Wallace of Alabama was shot at a political rally. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that
busing students may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation of schools, and the start of the
Watergate scandal began as five men were

Homeland Security Vs Homeland Defense
Introduction With the events that happened on September 11, 2001, the American people and all
government leadership realized that the U.S. was fight a whole new other type of war. The U.S. has
dealt with foreign terrorist networks abroad and the 1993 World Trade Center bombings. With the
tragic event of 9/11, it became something of a nightmare because no American in history had the
knowledge to deal with this kind of attack. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTO) wants nothing
more than to destroy America and the threat of another attack is imminent but, when? Every year
these FTO's will evolve and want to use chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons
(CBRN). As long as the U.S. is fight the war on terror and other threats against ... Show more
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Both parties need to accomplish these objectives with every strategy in protecting the U.S. With
having a firm plan that will lead to any issue that both parties are committed to. Critical
infrastructure has to have the best analyses and the most modern technology for the best protection.
Critical Infrastructure can be protected by assessing the threats and vulnerability. After that, a plan
to counter threats and vulnerabilities should be developed (International Journal of Control and
Automation, n.d.). There is no such thing as a perfect plan or a perfect world. Just because there are
vulnerabilities does mean it can be fixed or brought down to a minimum. These are the best results
to ensure Critical Infrastructure Protection from the International Journal of Control and
Automation:
Assess Critical Infrastructure vulnerabilities to cyber or physical

Patriot Act Pros And Cons
USA Patriot Act
After the devastating attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, this country scrambled to
take action to provide future protection. New techniques had to be developed to protect the nation
from the menace of terrorism. Along with the new techniques came the decision to enact laws that
some believed crossed the threshold of violating civil liberties this county and those living in it were
guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States. "On October 26, 2001, the Public Law 107–56,
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism, also known as the USA Patriot Act, was signed into effect" (Stern, 2004, p.
1112). While speaking to Congress, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Patriot Act has a judicially authorized "sneak and peek" provision that allows law
enforcement agencies to perform a search but delay notification for a period of up to three months
(para. 2).
Other provisions included giving the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA) the ability to share information, access wiretaps referred to "roving
wiretaps" that would cover all of technology a suspect may own, access to records including
banking, books, or any "any other items sought in connection with a terror investigation," lowers the
requirements to obtain a "wiretap or search order", allows delayed notice to those whose home or
office has been searched under the "sneak and peek" warrants and has "outlawed material support"
to organizations considered terrorist groups (Abramson & Godoy, 2006, pp. 2–4). Van Bergen
(2002) website states "Many people do not know the US Patriot Act was already written and ready
to go long before the September 11th" (p. 1). Critics of the Bush Administration claim the
government had information that could have helped prevent the attacks of September 11th. Sharing
information and investigations between the agencies, FBI and CIA, was allowed to break the
obstacles that once separated investigations that involving criminal and intelligence ones.
Information obtained by the United States Justice Department showed the CIA had previous

Olympic Games And Its Impact On Society
Sports have played a major role in society for as far back as dated history goes. Today's greatest
sporting events capture the interest of billions of people. No one sporting event is greater than the
Summer Olympic games, for it brings together athletes from all across the globe to compete and
represent their respected nations. Winning an Olympic gold medal can create a widespread feeling
of patriotism and unite a nation. Unfortunately, the events of the 1972 Olympic Games were a
catastrophic disaster. Consequently, the following will reveal the 1972 Munich Summer Olympic
Games tragedy and the ramifications of its build up, the event, and the lasting effects on society.
The events that occurred at the 1972 Olympics were the result of a long conflict between Palestinian
Arabs and Israeli Jews dating to the end of the nineteenth century. The two nations have contrasting
religious beliefs and conflict broke out between them for who had the ownership of a strip of land
that both states considered to be holy. From the end of World War I until 1948, the area that both
groups claimed was known internationally as Palestine. Following the war of 1948–1949, this land
was divided into three parts: The State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River) and the Gaza
Strip. It is a small area–approximately 10,000 square miles, or about the size of the state of
Maryland. Both nations cited historical religious evidence for why the land should belong to them
and no solution could be

Safe Port Act Of 2006
SAFE Port Act of 2006 Terrorism has been one of the major concerns of the entire world; however,
the incident of 9/11 entirely changed the perception of governments towards the issue of terrorism.
In this regard, the United States of America has significantly improvised its approach towards
dealing with terrorism. The approach of the U.S. is also justifiable as the United States is the only
country that had to face the maximum ramifications caused by terrorism as thousands of people
have lost their lives in multiple terrorist acts. Moreover, the U.S. has also tolerated the loss of
billions of dollars in the shape of loss of capital, and investing in improved military and intelligence
services. Despite of all these efforts, the U.S. has always felt the threat of terrorist activities; based
on this fact, the government and legislature of the United States of America has enacted many acts
of Congress to ensure the security of the residents, capital, and assets of the country. Out of various
strategies to make United States a safer country, the Security and Accountability for Every (SAFE)
Port Act in considered the most imperative yet debated topic among the politicians as well as the
public of the U.S.
Introduction of Safe Port Act of 2006 The basic purpose of the Act was to control all the ongoing
activities of every single port of United States to ensure the safety of United States from the threats
of terrorist activities. President Bush signed the Act on 13 October 2006.

The Events That Occurred At The 1972 Olympics
1972 Munich Summer Olympic Games
The events that occurred at the 1972 Olympics were the result of a long conflict between Palestinian
Arabs and Israeli Jews dating to the end of the nineteenth century. Although the two groups have
different religions (Palestinians include Muslims, Christians and Druze), religious differences are
not the cause of the strife. The conflict began as a struggle over land. From the end of World War I
until 1948, the area that both groups claimed was known internationally as Palestine. Following the
war of 1948–1949, this land was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the
Jordan River) and the Gaza Strip. It is a small area–approximately 10,000 square miles, or about the
size of the state of Maryland. The situation can't be reconcilable if one group has exclusive political
control over all of it. Jewish claims to this land are based on the biblical promise to Abraham and his
descendants, on the fact that the land was the historical site of the ancient Jewish kingdoms of Israel
and Judea, and on Jews' need for a haven from European anti–Semitism. Palestinian Arab claims to
the land are based on their continuous residence in the country for hundreds of years and the fact
that they represented the demographic majority until 1948. They reject the notion that a biblical–era
kingdom constitutes the basis for a valid modern claim. Arabs maintain that since Abraham's son
Ishmael is the forefather of the Arabs, then God's

State-Sponsored Terrorism: The Relationship between...
Most of the countries involved in state–sponsored terrorism make modest attempts to disassociate
themselves with terrorist organizations. These countries do this in hopes that the United Nations will
not place sanctions. More often than not, these countries continue their support of various terrorist
groups. They support the terrorist organization in various ways: financially, training, supplies. Iran
has remained the most active state sponsor of terrorism to date (State Department, 2013). Iran
supports several different terrorist organizations, including Hamas, Palestine Islamic Jihad, Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine–General Command and Hizballah. Often times, Iran is involved
in the planning and support of different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The common definition of state–sponsored terrorism is terrorism practiced by a government against
its own people or in support of international terrorism. Currently, there are only four countries that
are on the US State Department's list of State Sponsors of Terrorism: Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria.
These countries have been accused of providing different types of aid to several different terrorist
organizations throughout the world.
A country is placed on the State Sponsor list when it has demonstrated to the United States
government they frequently give support to terrorist organizations. The United States government
automatically places four sanctions on these countries: a ban on arms–related exports and sales,
controls over exports of dual–use items, prohibitions of economic aid and various financial and
other restrictions (State Department, 2013).
Hizballah (Party of God), a Shia Muslim organization, was established in 1982 as a response to the
Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Hizballah has several different goals and is funded in many ways. It
was not until October 8, 1997 that Hizballah was classified as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, even
though they had been linked to several terrorist attacks dating back

Social Disorders: A Case Study
Abstract
This research provides an analysis of current social disorder, reviews critical data and connects the
relationship of illegal drug/immigration between the Mexican border and the United States (U.S.),
domestic terrorism and social unrest which impacts our judicial system of law and order and public
policy. Subsequently, this relationship directly affects the deployment and effectiveness of local law
enforcement (LLEA) personnel, which accounts for the escalated rise in crimes against an
unprotected public by lone wolf individual or a collective bound public demonstrating by protesting
against social injustice. The increased public demonstrations, coupled by at least 81 terrorist
attempts in the U. S. since 9/11, the introduction by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2011), the Legislative branch of the U.S. government attempted to pass the Development, Relief,
and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) which would have provided undocumented
immigrants children in the U.S. conditional residency. The problem with the bill, was its enablement
of illegal immigrant children to gain access federal monetary support. Many argued that the
President failed to enforce his primary duties of protecting the border and circumventing the law by
attempting to pass the DREAM Act and the Take Care Clause (Delahunty, p. 803); while redirecting
total enforcement of immigration laws to individuals who posed a greater threat to society.
According Delahunty, R. J., & Yoo, J. C. (2012), DHS Secretary Janet Napolitano, testified before a
Senate committee, and explained in an August 2011 letter of how ICE's priorities focused on
"identifying and removing criminal aliens, those who pose a threat to public safety and national
security, repeat immigration law violators and other individuals prioritized for removal" (p.

How Does President Trump Immigration Ban Essay
Trumps Immigration Ban
A wide variety of people were affected by President Trump's initial order, which would bar for 90
days, people from seven predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States: Iran,
Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen. It also bans all refugees for 120 days, and Syrian
refugees indefinitely. After a review of the screening process, the order says officials may give
recommendations for indefinite bans. Other countries may be added to the list as well.
Those on the barred list include visitors, students and workers and also people who are currently in
the United States on temporary visas who would normally be allowed to travel to their home country
and re–enter the United States, like students. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
27, 2017. The order does not impact people from Iraq. During this time period, the secretary of the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is to determine what information DHS needs to adjudicate
visas and other immigration benefits, identify countries not currently providing such information,
and give countries time to provide such information before individuals from those countries are
banned from entry. After this time period countries could be added to or removed from the list of
banned countries. The policy does not apply to green card holders, dual nationals with a passport
issued by a country that is not banned, anyone with a current valid visa to travel to the U.S.,
individuals with a diplomatic visa, and those already granted asylum or refugee status in the U.S.
before the effective date of the order. DHS also may accept immigrants from the affected six
countries by providing exemptions from the order on a case–by–case basis. This ban does not
improve national security. Research shows that most foreign–born violent extremists in the U.S. are
radicalized years after they enter the country and that country of citizenship is unlikely to be an
indicator of potential terrorist activity. Individuals from the banned countries already must obtain a
visa from the U.S., for which they are extensively vetted through multiple government databases
designed to spot individuals who potentially could do us harm. The ban also likely will be disruptive
to many American businesses,

Christian Persecution in Nigeria
Christian persecution by Muslim extremists in (mainly) northern Nigeria is and has been a serious
problem for several years. The main contributors to this issue are the Islamic extremist and Muslim
purist organization, Boko Haram. According to Religion Today, over 3000 people have been killed
since Boko Haram began it's insurgency. Murders and jihads are a regular occurrence in Nigeria,
with new reports seemingly coming out every day of another terrorist attack or mass shooting. With
government being unsupportive of Christians and the constant persecution by extremists, the
outlook has seemed bleak for a very long time, but quite recently the announcement of NASOC
(Nigerian Army Special Operations Command) things could be starting to look up for the
persecuted.
Although Boko Haram is the most associated group with Christian persecution in Nigeria, Christians
face many other threats as well. The government denies them basic facilities such as wells, schools,
and of course, does not provide labor or funds for the building of churches. Apart from the
government, there have also been emerging signs that al–Qaeda may have ties with Boko Haram.
Before late 2013, Goodluck Jonathan had addressed concerns that the United States of America
labeling Boko Haram a Foreign Terrorist Organization would draw more attention to them, possibly
drawing support from other Muslim extremist groups. In light of the links between al–Qaeda and
Boko Haram, Goodluck Jonathan announced the Nigerian

The 9 / 11 Terrorist Attacks
There are many important events in American history. Between the roaring twenties and the Wild
West there is so much to choose from. One of the most recent and most tragic events in American
history were the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Hundreds of lives were lost, leading to extreme reformation
of the United States surveillance and homeland security systems. The 9/11 terrorist attack was an
important event in America's history that has had lasting effects on American society. On September
11, 2001, four planes were hijacked by 19 Arab Islamist extremists and used as weapons of mass
destruction. The first plane was flown into the North Tower at the World Trade Center in Lower
Manhattan at 8:46AM. The people inside the South Tower were told to remain in the building and
that they had nothing to worry about, a decision proven to be a bad one when a second plane hit the
South Tower at 9:03AM. Both buildings collapsed no more than 90 minutes after the crash with
more than 2,600 people dying that day. At 9:37AM, a third plane hit the Pentagon, killing 125
people and at 10:03 the fourth plane crashed into a field in Southern Pennsylvania, killing 256
people. The fourth plane was originally targeting the White House but its course was interrupted by
brave passengers who fought against the hijackers to the best of their abilities. Some of the
perpetrators lived in the U.S. for more than a year, blending with American society. According to the
Commissioner's Report, four of

Terrorism : A Global Issue Essay
Angela Brown
Professor Miller
English 112
13 Sept 2015
Terrorism
Many of us will embrace our loved ones before leaving our homes to start a hectic workday. As we
hug our children and kiss our spouses goodbye, the thought of losing them, or our lives to acts of
terrorism, is typically not one to cross our minds. On September 11, 2001, this mere thought became
the reality for many families. The eleventh of September will forever be remembered as the date a
terrorist organization, known as al–Qaeda, attacked the United States killing thousands of innocent
people. The al–Qaeda organization have exposed vulnerabilities in the United States' homeland
security. Many have questioned how could this happen to a country known to be the most powerful
nation in the world and what steps are being taken to prevent these acts from occurring in the future?
Today, terrorism is a forefront global issue bringing nations together to develop ways to improve
national security for all. The term terrorism, in English use, originated during the French Revolution
's Reign of Terror when violent acts were carried out by a political group called the Jacobin Club.
The Jacobin Club conducted numerous of guillotine killings to enforce obedience from the state and
to bully regime enemies (History of Terrorism). History also shows when individuals disagree with
beliefs or views of another group of people, sometimes acts of violence and destruction are used to
intimidate or conform. Examples of acts of

Al Nusra Front
Today Al Nusra Front has established themselves as one of the largest and most effective influential
power in Syria holding itself as a threat to anyone who opposes their ideologies. Successfully
gaining strategic land in the North, West and Southern regions of Syria they have gain multiple
attention being labeled as a foreign terrorist organization from the international community. Al–
Nusra has establish a strong presence in locations like Idlib and Aleppo as well as controlling the
Bab al–Hawa border crossing from Syria to Turkey. Allowing al–Nusra to control these major areas
creates a safe haven for al–Qaeda, al–Nusra and other group who practice this insurgency to come
and support the opposition. The result of this allows small arms insurgencies ... Show more content
After gaining operational experience and skills fighting in Syria, jihadist operatives may establish
terrorist infrastructures to carry out terrorist attacks in their countries of origin. For al–Nusra this
becomes a goal to spread the teachings of Islam to the rest of the world. They may do so on their
own initiative or following directions from the Al–Nusra Front and other jihadist organizations.
While the threat from the Nusra Front has been overshadowed by the atrocities committed by the
other extremist groups like ISIS and ISIL and the rapid gains made by that organization in both
Syria and Iraq, we ignore the growing strength of the lower–key al–Nusra Front to our own peril. To
combat this now known threat it needs not to be done in the traditional way of airstrikes and
kidnapping leaders but by establishing a political solution. To get to this level Syria may have to be
divided to give control to the Free Syrian Army (FSA) this however would require time as it is a
long process to establish. If The United States abandons Syria to become a failed state the violence
will soon have its spillover effect on the region and the entire world. Nusra has become a critical, if
not the most critical, component of the armed opposition and is interlinked and co–located with
rebels who have received U.S. and allied support. Further, Nusra continues to benefit indirectly from
U.S. support for other rebel groups. Consequently as long as al–Nusra stands to oppose a diplomatic
solution and remands a current threat to freedom it stands then as a threat to the United States and its
allies. This treat influences potential attackers to come to the US and perform a Jihadist movement.
The question however for the United States is how do we strategically justify a war on al–Nusra
Front's campaign and still take down the al–Assad

Argumentative Essay On Terrorism
In a new book written by Tony Blair's former chief of staff and chief negotiator in Northern Ireland,
Jonathan Powell, the author of "Talking to Terrorists" states "there is no conflict in the world that
cannot be solved" (p. 35). In this book, Powell draws on his wider experiences of conflict resolution
to argue that terrorism nearly always ends in negotiation, and that we waste much blood and treasure
in failing to recognize the need to talk to terrorists at a much earlier stage. Additionally, the former
chief of staff states "the problem is not talking to terrorists, it is giving in to them" (p. 37), and
acknowledges that there is a time to negotiate, and that time is often when a state of "mutually
hurting stalemate" (p. 42) has been achieved. Yet, he contends, that we waste much time in
regarding terrorists as irreconcilable and beyond the pale before we belatedly decide to talk.
The argument against negotiation with terrorist hostage–takers is simple: it rewards terrorist
behavior, undermines the legitimacy of non–violent political actors, and nullifies efforts to police
terrorism (Faure 2003; Neumann 2007). Because hostage–taking acts under terror, hostage–takers
will challenge legal authorities – weakening and discrediting it (Faure, 2003). Governments usually
prefer an alternative, like combat, because it "requires no concessions, grants no legitimacy, and is
consistent with the norm of punishing illegal violence" (Pruitt 2007, p. 374).
Indeed, when a terrorist group does not receive wide support or is not tied to an ethnic/nationalist
constituency they are much less likely to survive policing and military operations. However, for
those groups that do experience support, the group can be hidden, resupplied, given moral
justification, and the population may contribute to the active members. Curfews, checkpoints, harsh
policing efforts, and collateral damage contribute toward alienating the population away from the
suspect government. Discontented people, ranging from inconvenienced to maimed, strengthen
sympathy and support for insurgent/terrorist groups who are viewed increasingly justified or morally
right. In other words, police and military options can easily create more support for such groups,

Isis : The United States
ISIS is a very unique phenomenon occurring in the Middle East. The United States Department of
State has designated the entity a foreign terrorist organization (US Department of State 2014). The
group is very different than the Islamic extremists that the United States has dealt with over the
years. Instead of hiding in remote compounds and living secret lives amongst the general
population, ISIS has conquered vast regions of Iraq and Syria. However, ISIS does share similarities
with other Islamic terrorist organizations. Several of these terror groups have attacked the United
States in the past. Some attempts were unsuccessful, but others were successful. The United States
must realize that ISIS is the newest threat to national security and the hindrance to the stabilization
of the Middle East. Politicians and counterterrorism operatives must realize that at some point, ISIS
will attempt an attack on the United States. Fortunately, the United States has a vast collection of
data on Islamic extremists and there organizations. It is possible that the key to creating a
counterterrorism strategy exists in the data that has been gathered about other Islamic terror groups.
If the objectives and themes of ISIS match that of terror groups that the United States has previously
prevented terror attacks from, then perhaps a similar strategy can be effective. Al–Qaeda The first
and most popular group that ISIS bears resemblance to is Al–Qaeda (for the purpose of this thesis,

Terrorist Organizations Essay
V. RECOMMENDATIONS
In order more effectively combat terrorist financing, governmental entities, individual donors, and
charities themselves must work together, do their due diligence when associating or donating to a
particular charity, and conduct risk assessments to determine susceptibility to terrorist influence. The
following are recommendations for (1) governmental entities, (2) individual donors, and (3)
charities to adopt in order to more effectively combat the financing of terrorist organizations.
a. Recommendation for Governmental Entities
Regulation by governmental entities, both international and domestic is vital to the combatting of
terrorist financing. However, to increase governmental efficiency in combatting the financing ...
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If the regulations lack enforcement, there will be no incentive for charities to run risk assessments
and disclose such information.
Second, the utilization of financial technology at a greater rate to assess patterns and consider
smaller amounts.
Lastly, increased cooperation between countries in terms of the sharing of financial intelligence.
Cooperation is important because combatting terrorist financing will not be successful using a
unilateral approach. International cooperation is vital to contending with terrorist financing in
today's global financial system. Recognizing that the financial system is extremely global, with
financial transactions occurring across state borders every day and the reach of United States based
charities is so vast and occurs in many countries, cooperation and transparency between states is
vital to combatting the financing of terrorist organizations. If the "money trail" ends whenever the
money is being held in a foreign account because there is not cooperation, terrorists will continue to
funnel money through charities with bank accounts in different countries. Moreover, charities
themselves are extremely international, both because they may obtain donations from foreign
individuals and because they donate the money to individuals or organizations in different countries.
As a result, in order for governments to understand

The Syrian Civil War Analysis
Syria is a country that is currently going through an uprising. The Bashar al–Assad regime and
Ba'ath government are imparting a strong front while being shattered from multiple opposition
groups; and terrorist organizations in country and high–ranking officials from around the world.
Their economy, population, and relations with nations around the world is being affected by the
everyday events occurring in their country.
Syria has gone through many adversities as a country and to this day struggles with the habitual
effects of the Syrian civil war. The Syrian civil war began on March 15th, 2011, between forces who
are loyal to the Ba'ath government and those who want to overthrow them. Multiple organizations
are working together to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, Syrian President Hafez al–Assad accepted President Bush's invitation to attend a peace
conference in 1991 and to involve bilateral negotiations with Israel. Relations improved throughout
the 1990s, including a move on the Syrian government's part by releasing Western hostages being
held in Lebanon and lifting travel restrictions on Syrian Jews.
Nonetheless, this changed after the September 11 attacks in New York City in 2001. The Syrian
Government began limited cooperation with the United States in the War on Terror. In one such
case, Syrian intelligence alerted the United States of an Al Qaeda plan similar to the USS Cole
bombing, which was to fly a hand glider loaded with explosives into the United States Navy's Fifth
Fleet Headquarters in Bahrain. (1) Due to Syria's opposition to the Iraq War, the improvement made
between Syria and the United States in the last ten years were once again strained. Syria became a
safe haven for Iraqi refugees, Saddam Hussein supporters, and foreign fighters. As more supporters
crossed the Syrian border, the government refused to deport these personnel. The United States'
concern with Syria raised for multiple reasons including the ongoing interference in Lebanese
affairs, its protection of the leadership of Palestinian rejectionist groups in Damascus, its human
rights record, and its pursuit of weapons of mass destruction. (2) However, relations completely
diminished

9/11 Decline
A Time of Decline: An Analysis of the Affects of 9/11 on the United States I have fully upheld
Delbarton's honor code in letter and spirit. Signature ___________________________ Stephen
Decker September 19, 2015 American History – V Block Mr. Conn Delbarton School Fourteen
years ago, if you went out on the streets of New York and asked who Osama–bin laden was, they
would most likely respond incorrectly. The average American did not known who Osama–bin laden
was. A decade ago, we were not officially engaged in any battles or wars with anyone. There was no
constant surveillance or the infamous "big brother". Believe it or not, it took half the time it does
today to get through TSA at the airport. The day that changed all ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
That day dramatically changed our view on foreign policy, and caused us to get involved in many
ongoing wars with Middle Eastern countries. Additionally, the government changed its view on
immigration. Due to the fear of another attack by foreign people, the "war on immigration" came
about and caused a surge of American people to believe that immigrants should be deported. Lastly,
security at airports, malls, and almost every public venue was entirely redesigned for our protection,
but what the government believes is good for the people, isn't always so great after all. Most people
believe that America grew back stronger because of the attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001,
but it has only brought us away from the importance of simplicity in our daily

The FBI Essay
In the 21st century, the world as we know it suffers from psychotic, demented, treacherous and,
sophisticated crimes. This world would be corrupt without a tunnel of light if it was not for the
Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, also known as the FBI, is a
corporation that seeks fidelity, bravery and, integrity for the United States of America. The FBI
researches shocking and concerning crimes the news reports about politics, war and, safety that we
hear on the television about issues that are being reported to the people. These cases of transgression
are missions the FBI analyzes, such as hacking information from double spies, locating terrorists,
seeking pedophiles, cracking down unknown mobsters, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Current missions that the FBI are involved in are the Boston marathon bombing, Somalia bombing
and, the Target hackers.
Although, it may seem the FBI knows about the majority of criminalistics situations; they have been
doing this job for many years and many years to come. John continues, "The FBI originated from a
force of special agents created in 1908 by Attorney General Charles Bonaparte during the
presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (2)." This organization has been serving justice since the
Roosevelt years in the early 1900's. Everything the FBI is capable of, could not be demonstrated
with perfection if it was not for their structure. This structure consists of being part of the U.S.
Department of Justice, which is headed by the United States Attorney General. The authority they
are granted are to enforce the law on a federal level (Sections 533 and 534, Title 28 of the U.S.
Code). These are the ways the Federal Bureau of Investigation works from the agencies missions,
history of the agency and the impressive structure of the agency, which makes them one of the major
aspects of the federal law to the United States of America. From the approval of President Roosevelt
to establish the beginning of the FBI,

Essay on Terrorist Financing
Terrorism has been a major concern for the United States government for many years. Citizens of
the United States have been immune to the terrorist attacks that are taking place overseas. When The
World Trade Center was attacked using a car bomb in 1993, terrorism was brought upon the door
steps of Americans. What was once a headline on the daily news has now became a reality in the life
of the American citizen. An essential element in the strategy for the war on terrorism is to dismantle
or disrupt the financial network used by terrorist. After the September 11 attack the Federal
Government took several steps to combat terrorist financing, resulting with "More than $140 million
in terrorist's assets have been frozen across the some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(U.S. Customs Service publication No. 0000–0171, October 2002) According to the U.S. Customs
Service, Green Quest is in constant contact with law enforcement, intelligence, and financial
establishments worldwide. Green Quest identifies several indicators of suspicious activity to serve
as "red flags" or "indicators" for the banking community to further scrutinize. Operation Green
Quest intends to target illicit charities, corrupt financial institutes, and underground financial
systems known as Hawala which support terrorist organizations. The Green Quest initiative will also
target credit card fraud, identity theft, counterfeiting, drug trafficking and bulk currency smuggling.
The U.S. customs, Operation Green Quest, request the assistance from the individual banker,
accountant, stock and commodity broker to report unusual or suspected transactions on voluntary
basis. Listed in the pamphlet are 12 "Red Flag" indicators to be used for guidance.
The Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FAFT) was founded in 1989 by the G7
countries. The G7 countries consisted of the seven countries that represent 68% of the world's
economy, at that time there are now eight countries and is now called G8. There 33 participating
countries supporting FAFT and 24 countries listed as uncooperative in the fight against financial

Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Case Study
Abstract The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is a 235–page Act of
Congress, signed by the president affecting the United States laws of federal terrorism. The titles
and subject issues were composed to better enforce the procedures for any future terrorist's attacks.
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act established the Director of National
Intelligence, the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight
Board. This act also states that the Homeland Security is to take charge of flights both foreign and
domestic for all information on passengers and crew for individuals on the Federal Government
watch lists. As the Case Study: Intelligence Reform and Terrorism ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This Act also requires the Director to ensure that all National intelligence–based information is
passed on to, first the President; all heads of departments and agencies of the executive branch; the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and senior military commanders; and the Senate and House of
Representatives and congressional committees. The Director of the Intelligence National
Investigation has an office–specific for him full of employees and staff members to help and
discover the information needed to make the decisions regarding any and all terrorist attacks. The
staff, in general, includes the Community Management Staff; Co–Location is not allowed to locate
anywhere else with any other intelligence agencies; Deputy Directors assists the Director and is next
in line if the Director is not able to fulfill their duties; National Intelligence Council is established by
the Office of the Director; General Counsel. The Director can also establish the General Counsel,
Civil Liberties Protection Offices, Director of Science and Technology, National Counterintelligence
Executives, and Inspector Generals. The Director has the authority to assign these positions as well
as take them away as long as the individual is Senate–approved. Intelligence Agencies that Report
Directly to the ODNI The agencies that report to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence
are the: Central Intelligence

Homeland Security
Introduction
National security and the other intelligence agencies have played a major role in today's society in
regards to protecting our country. In this analytic paper I will discuss and reflect on the personal
skills, abilities, and benefits of the five different intelligence community agencies that operate under
their own instruction and training, but serves as the same purpose of defending the United States of
America. The five different intelligence agencies are the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),
Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Navy Intelligence, Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The five intelligence communities have different purposes in defending our country. The FBI ...
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The U.S. Navy is the largest, most powerful navy in the world, with the largest combined battle
fleet. The Navy has one of the world's largest aircraft carrier fleets, with ten in service and four in
the reserve fleet. Some of the goals and missions of the Navy is to forecast and plan against any
power conflicts, respond to any crisis cases, and direct actions with the Navy SEALS. The mission
of the Navy is to train, equip for combat, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom of the seas
(Office of Naval Intelligence,

Mohamed's Relationship With The CIA
In 1989 while living in Santa Clara, Mohamed attempted to obtain a job as an FBI Interpreter with
several offices throughout the U.S. but was denied employment form all but the San Francisco FBI
field office. In 1995, Mohamed obtained employment with the Burns International Security
Company, a private company that provided security services to businesses and government agencies.
The company assigned him to a security guard position at the Northrop Grumman facility that
developed sensitive components used in nuclear weapons. Mohamed sought a security clearance to
work in the facility's classified areas, but his application was denied (J.M. Berger, n.d). During these
activities, Mohamed maintained significant contact with AQI (AQI) operatives. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
His application was denied, however, the San Francisco FBI office hired him as an informant to help
expose a local conspiracy linked to possible Hamas operatives. When the FBI recruited Mohamed,
they assigned SA John Zent to handle his case. During the Mohamed case, SA Zent split his
attention between his work and his testimony as a character witness in his son–in–law's murder trial
in Fresno, CA. The FBI used Mohamed again in 1992 to assist in the investigation of a San Jose, CA
mosque. Mohamed would become the most important asset to the FBI in 1993, when he revealed the
existence of a new terrorist organization in the Middle East. Mohamed informed SA Zent that
Osama bin Laden and AQI had plans to overthrow the Saudi Arabian government. During the period
in which Mohamed revealed their existence, SA Zent, with assistance from other FBI Agents,
debriefed Mohamed several times. SA John Zent and the FBI continued to use Ali Mohamed
throughout the 1990's until his arrest in May 2000, and continued to be debrief him after his arrest.
From the time he left the Egyptian Army until his arrest, Ali Mohamed had key connections to
Ayman al–Zawahiri and the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Zawahiri served as Mohamed's only
handler during the time he supported and served with EIJ and AQI. At one point in 1995, Mohamed
smuggled al–Zawahiri, despite being

War on Terror Essay
Since the days of the Cuban Missile Crisis (Marfleet, 1997) in the sixties, the United States has
become increasingly more relaxed as to the possibility of an attack on American soil. Since the
attack on the Twin Towers in September of 2001, by the terrorist group al–Qaeda, the United States
has again become more aware and alert to this possibility. Not only did the attack on the United
States bring Americans together as a country united, it also brought on changes that included the
newly developed Department of Homeland Security. Homeland Security is now charged with not
only protecting the country and territories from another terrorist attack but also responding to an
attack, man–made accident, and natural disasters. It is also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(Kouri, 2011)" Al–Awlaki encourages terrorism through the use of internet blogs, Facebook, and
You Tube videos. Al–Awlaki has been linked to multiple attacks and attempted attacks on the United
States. I would have to agree with our government in their assessment of the terroristic threat in
reference to Al–Awlaki. Terrorism seems to be a Lernaean Hydra in comparison in that, when you
remove one leader, two more replace them. Al–Qaida, while weakened by the loss of their leader, is
still very much a threat. With almost endless finances, their ability to infiltrate and live among us is
great. While I am sure the government makes every attempt to find and flag any person having ties
to terrorist, how can you fight an enemy you cannot see? It is not as if they wear red or grey coats as
they did in the Civil War. While doing the research paper one thing became increasing clear; I have
no more idea as to the location and the means by which to attack, than the federal government does.
I don't believe that the ability to hijack a commercial aircraft exists anymore. The attack on the
Pentagon would most likely be a one–time event also. In some respects, as a nation, we are very
good at learning from our mistakes. While the government has not told us of safety measures taken
to protect such military targets, I am sure the measures have still been taken. So with the major
targets removed from accessibility, they are more likely to step down to "soft

Homeland Security : Policy And Practice
Homeland Security
Response Paper Assignment 1
FREDDIE BURSE
Florida State University
Summer 2015
Dr. Audrey Heffron Casserleigh
Homeland Security: Policy and Practice
PAD 5376 AND 4935 – Tues. 5:30
Abstract
This is an APA formatted essay of the Department of Homeland Security and its major role it play
within and outside the borders of the United States of America. The essay is outlined to follow
prompts requested by Professor Dr. Audrey Heffron Casserleigh. Does the United States'
involvement in International Organizations (The UN, NATO, WTO, etc) and international treaties
negatively or positively affect our Homeland Security? Why is this the case? Chose a Homeland
Security law, portion of law (ie a portion of the USA PATRIOT Act) or policy that we discussed in
class. Briefly describe this, and explain if you believe it is a useful (or not useful) tool in homeland
security.
Homeland Security
The United States Department of Homeland Security is known as an organization that ensures the
safety of society in the nation (Homeland Security). The department primary purpose is to address
threats, disasters, or hazards that may terrorize the nation and its borders. The department confronts
and resolves conflicts between outside nations and the United States of America. For many years the
United States Department of Homeland Security have assigned laws. As well as planned and
assumed threatened, susceptible, and vulnerable events that may occur within the United

Chiquita In Colombia Case Summary
Case Study:
Chiquita in Colombia: Funding Paramilitary Groups to Protect Business and Employees
Presented by: Valerie Reese
Case Summary:
United Fruit Company, a company that grows bananas in Central America and exports them to
North America and Europe, became Chiquita Brands International in 1984 through a series of
mergers and control changes (Maurer, 2012, p. 485). Chiquita Brands relocated its headquarters to
Cincinnati, Ohio, and began to expand its holdings in land and shipping (Maurer, 2012, p. 485).
Chiquita Banadex planation, located in Colombia, seemed to operate as a model facility by
subscribing to international standards set by international non–governmental organizations (NGOs)
on worker ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company could have closed down and sold its banana plantation in Colombia, but Chiquita let
the atrocities continue for years. Perhaps Chiquita was following the analytical framework of
utilitarianism. Chiquita may have thought that making these payments to paramilitary groups was
protecting more workers than it was harming; therefore, it was the right thing to do.
Knowing that paramilitary groups had murdered Chiquita workers, one would assume continuing to
make payments to these groups would be wrong. When Chiquita continued making payments and
workers were still being massacred, one should consider stopping the payments and selling the
farmland. Perhaps Chiquita could even relocate the banana plantation and help relocate the workers
to a more secure area.
Chiquita faced legal challenges by doing business in a politically unstable foreign environment. A
lesson learned from this case is to keep up with and always abide by the laws set in the foreign
country, as well as one's own country. Following the laws and making sure one knows the laws is
good advice for any firm starting a business in a similarly volatile

Terrorism in the City of Boston Essay
On April 15, 2013 there was a horrific scene that occurred on the street in the city of Boston. This all
happened while a widely recognized event took place which was the Boston Athletic Associations
yearly marathon. Many people attend this marathon each year, in 2013 it is said that 38,708 entries
were received to run in the marathon. With such a large amount of people attending this you can see
why it would be important for a terrorists to plot an attack, such an attack would devastate and scare
not only people around the Boston area but nationwide. Two brothers by the name of Dzhokhar and
Tamerlan Tsarnaev were affiliated with a foreign terrorist organization that has roots in Chechnya,
had planted two bombs near the finish line at the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A friend of one of the attackers had seen a familiar face on the news, however did not report that he
might possibly know the identity of the attackers. Later on Thursday night a police officer was shot
and killed which was expected to be the terrorists attempting to flee. However it wasn't until Friday
that police had gotten into a gunfight with the terrorists and shot and killed Dzhokhar Tsarnev, and
wounding Tamerlan. The city of Boston was put on lockdown until the last standing attacker was
caught after fleeing and escaping authorities. By the end of the night, authorities were notified about
the whereabouts of Tamerlan. He was hiding in a boat in someone's backyard with various wounds.
He was later caught where he could face trial for the horrific acts that he and his brother had
committed. Every moment since the bombings had occurred the media was covering the story
nonstop. The first day the news was covering what exactly had happened on the day of the bombing
and trying to figure out who the attackers were. No one knew whether it was Al Qaida or the
Taliban, or Hamas or any other terrorists organization. The nation was left with unanswered
questions at this point. It wasn't until later on in the week that the story about this attack began to
unfold. News titles such as "Mourning, resolve and quest for answers after deadly Boston Marathon
bombs" were covered. There were so many unanswered questions regarding the bombing up

Essay on United States Threat Analysis
Abu Sayyaf is still a big threat to the United States, it has roughly 200–500 members based out of
the southern Philippines. Here in the United States the FBI is still tracking 3 of the main organizers
of the Abu Sayyaf organization and the organization has made comments that have stated they want
to fight the United States and it is strongly believed that given the opportunity although they are a
small organization they will in fact take a huge leap at harming American citizens by means of
bombing, extortion, assassinations, beheadings and what they are notorious for the most is
kidnappings.
A spokesperson for the organization has stated, that "We have been trying hard to get America
because they may think we're afraid of them." He added ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is also known as the bomb maker for the ASG organization. These are the top three individuals
in the Abu Sayyaf organization. In order to understand the Abu Sayyaf organization its best to know
where it originated from then you'll see a bit as to how lethal they are and how deadly they can be to
the United States. In the early 1990s the ASG split from the Moro National Liberation Front
(M.N.L.F.). They were the two main Muslim groups operating in the southern Philippines. Abu
Sayyaf's first major attack happened in 1991, when the Abu Sayyaf group set off a grenade that
killed two American evangelists. The ASG was founded by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, he was
educated by the Al Islamic Tabligh, a fundamentalist organization funded by Pakistan and Saudi
Arabia. Janjalani became radicalized after studying and traveling to many Muslim countries he was
then suspected to have met Osama Bin Laden in 1988 and given $6 million dollars to develop and
transform the southern Philippines into an Islamic state. The word Abu meaning father and Sayyaf
means Sword Smith, or more easily translated into "bearer of the sword" in Arabic. The ASG is one
the most violent organizations.
Now that we know how the ASG has formed it's even more important to know who its leaders are,
and what they are capable of. Knowing who you are fighting is half the battle when it comes to
being able to predict what may happen next. From the beginning we had

Domestic Terrorism And Its Effect On Terrorism Essay
Domestic terrorism consists of violations against federal and state law that put humans into danger.
The purpose of domestic terrorism is to influence or to instill fear into the population and
government. Terrorism comes in forms of gun violence, assassinations, and destruction (1). Since
1970, there have been 2,608 attacks and 226 fatal attacks up until 2011 (3). In 1867, the
development of dynamite contributed to increasing terrorism, and radicals have used explosives to
bring attention to political issues within the country. This invention led to the Haymarket Affair, Los
Angeles Times, and the Preparedness Day bombings (2). What has further caused domestic
terrorism has been the argument over who is an American. This explains the emergence of the
Boston Tea Party and the "white supremacy" of the Ku Klux Klan which both occurred to claim
what being an authentic American means (3). After the Cold war, domestic intelligence and law
enforcement suppressed terrorist plots, but since the leader of al–Qaeda increased website usage in
2003, more internet terrorist sites have grown. In 2009, the FBI stated that there were approximately
15,000 websites that advocated terrorism with 10,000 sites still active on 80% of U.S based servers.
(4) An example of an attack was the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 which resulted in 168 people
dead and 600 people injured; the motivation for this was to show the opposition against the U.S
government by bombing the Alfred P. Murrah Federal

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