TESTING AND TRACTOR SYSTEMS

1. A
PRESENTATION ON
10 WEEK INDUSTRIALATTACHMENT / INTERNSHIP
B.Tech (Agril. Engg.)
Presentation By-
Aarushi Chandrakar
Student ID - 20203293
Course Code - EAE 5412
BHARTIYA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ,DURG
Affiliated To - INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, RAIPUR

2. 1. TRAINING 1 FARM MACHINERY (CFMTTI)
2. TRAINING 2 MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES(CII)
3. TRAINING 3 RICE MILLING
TABLE OF CONTENT

3. TRAINING I
05/07/23 - 28/07/23
FARM MACHINERY & EQUIPMENTS
FROM
CENTRAL FARM MACHINERYTRAINING
&
TESTING INSTITUTE
BUDNI, MADHYA PRADESH

4. TRAINING OUTLINE
 STUDY OF TRACTOR SYSTEM.
 TRACTOR DRIVING AND MAINTENANCE.
 TESTING.
 STUDY OF TILLAGE IMPLEMENTS.

5. TRACTOR
 Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels and tracks for
operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
 Tractor System consists of following systems :-
1) Engine System.
2) Transmission System.
3) Control System.
4) Hydraulic System.
5) Electrical System.
FIG - TRACTOR

6. ENGINE SYSTEM
 It is a device or machine which converts thermal energy developed by
burning fuel into useful mechanical energy.
 Engine System consists of following systems –
(A) Air Intake and Exhaust System.
(B) Fuel System.
(C) Lubrication System.
(D) Cooling System.
(E) Governing System.
FIG - ENGINE

7. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 Transmission is a speed reducing mechanism, equipped with several gears.
 The complete path of power from the engine to the point of used is called
power train.
 Transmission system consists of :-
(A) Clutch
(B) Gear
(C) Differential
(D) Final drive
(E) Rear axle
(F) Rear wheels
FIG – TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

8. CONTROL SYSTEM
 Controlling system comprises
of two systems. They are :-
• Steering system governs the
angular movement of front
wheels of a tractor.
• Braking system enables to
control the motion of a
tractor.
FIG – STEERING SYSTEM
FIG – BRAKING SYSTEM

9. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
 It is a mechanism in a tractor to raise, hold or lower the mounted or
semi-mounted equipments by hydraulic means.
 It works on the principle of Pascal’s law.
 The types of hydraulic system are-
(A) Position Control.
(B) Draft Control.
(C) Mixed Control.
FIG – HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

10. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
 Electrical system converts mechanical energy obtained from
engine into electrical energy.
 Electrical system consists of :-
(A) Battery.
(B) Charging system.
(C) Regulating system.
(D) Starting system.
(E) Relay and fuses.
FIG – ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

11. TRACTOR MAINTENANCE
 POST-START CHECKING –
 Check water temperature gauge.
 Check oil pressure gauge.
 Check rpm gauge.
 Check ampere gauge.
 Check fuel gauge.
 Check all the position of
hydraulic lever.
 PRE-START CHECKING-
 Clean the tractor.
 Tight the nut and bolts.
 Check the battery terminals.
 Check the fuel level in fuel tank.
 Check air pressure in front and
rear tyres.
 Clean the air cleaner.

12. TESTING
 Testing determines the following aspects:-
1) Functional performance of machines.
2) Rate of wearing of components.
3) Power requirement of machines.
4) Finding durability of the machines.

13. TEST CONDUCTED IN ICT
 SAFETY TESTS :-
* Braking Performance.
* Location of Centre of Gravity.
* Turning Ability.
COMFORT AND ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS :-
* Noise Level.
* Smoke Level.
* Operators Field of Vision.
* Mechanical Vibration.
PERFORMANCE TESTS:-
* PTO Performance.
* Drawbar Performance.
* Hydraulic Performance.

14. TILLAGE
 Tillage is the mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favourable
condition for crop production.
 Types of Tillage :-
PRIMARY TILLAGE –  SECONDARY TILLAGE –
FIG – REVERSIBLE MB
PLOUGH
FIG – DISC PLOUGH FIG - CULTIVATOR FIG - ROTAVATOR

15. TRAINING II
04/08/23 - 26/08/23
MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES
FROM
CONFEDRATION OF INDIAN
INDUSTRIES, CHHINDWARA
MADHYA PRADESH

16. TRAINING OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION TO MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES.
 TYPES OF MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES.
 STUDY OF SOIL LESS CULTURE.

17. MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES
 Micro irrigation system applies measured quantity of water slowly
and directly above or below the soil surface.
 It is usually done by discrete or continuous drop through emitters or
applicators along a water delivery line near the plant.
 Micro irrigation is introduced, primarily to save water and increase
the irrigation efficiency in agriculture.

18. FIG –TYPICAL BENEFITS OF MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNI QUES

19. TYPES OF MICRO IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES
 The types of Micro Irrigation Techniques are –
1) Drip Irrigation System.
2) Sprinkler Irrigation System.
3) Bubbler Irrigation System.
FIG - DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
FIG - BUBBLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
FIG – SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM

20. STUDY OF SOIL LESS CULTURE
 Soil less culture is a method of growing plants without soil.
 It is an artificial means of providing plants with support and a
reservoir for nutrients and water.
 The types of soil less culture are –
(A) Hydroponics.
(B) Aeroponics.
(C) Soil Media Culture.

21. HYDROPONICS
 This type of soil less culture involves growing plants, usually crops or
medicinal plants, without soil, by using water based mineral nutrients
solution.
FIG - NFT FIG - DFT
FIG - FLOATING TECHNIQUE FIG - ROOT DIPPING

22. AEROPONICS
 It is the practice of growing
plants in an air or mist
environment without the use of
any substrate.
 It is a sophisticated plant-growing
technique ideally suited to a
range of purposes, particularly
the growing of disease-free seed
crops.
FIG – AEROPONICS SYSTEM

23. SOIL MEDIA CULTURE
 It involves the use of substrate materials such as sand, perlite,
vermiculite, gravel, etc. In this type of system the role of media is to
support the plant roots and provide an environment for the water
and needed nutrients.
FIG - ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MEDIA FIG - (a)HANGING BAG , (b)GROW BAG,
(c)TROUGH TECHNIQUE, (d) POT CULTURE

24. TRAINING III
03/10/23 - 18/10/23
RICE MILLING
FROM
DEV RICE MILL
DURG, (C.G.)

25. RICE MILLING
It is the process of removing the husk and the bran layers, and
produce an edible, white rice kernel that is free of impurities.
 The by product of rice milling are-
(A) Broken rice.
(B) Husk.
(C) Bran layer.
 Types of rice are :-
(A) Brown rice.
(B) White rice.

26. DRIED PADDY
|
SHELLER
|
HUSK ASPIRATOR
|
PADDY ASPIRATOR
|
BROWN RICE
|
WHITENER / POLISHER
|
BRAN ASPIRATOR
|
GRADER
|
HEAD RICE
|
BAGGING / STORAGE
BROKENS
FIG – FLOW CHART FOR RICE MILLING

27. A
PRESENTATION ON
10 WEEK EXPERIENTIAL ONCAMPUS LEARNING
B.Tech (Agril. Engg.)
AMLA BITS
Presentation By-
Aarushi Chandrakar
Student ID - 20203293
Course Code - EAE 5412
BHARTIYA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING ,DURG
Affiliated To - INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, RAIPUR

28. AMLA BITS
 Amla is a fruit that is high in antioxidants and has been shown to
have anti-inflammatory properties.
 It has been known to help improve blood circulation, protect against
diabetes and cancer, and boost cognitive function.
 Amla bits is a healthy way which helps in digestion of food.
FIG – SHREE AMLA

29. EQUIPMENTS AND INGREDIENTS USED
EQUIPMENTS –
1) Pot.
2) Induction Heater.
3) Utensils.
4) Weighing Scale.
INGREDIENTS –
1) Shree Amla.
2) Jeera Powder.
3) Salt.
4) Black salt.
5) Sugar. FIG – INGREDIENTS USED

30. PROCESS FLOWCHART FOR AMLA BITS
Washing shree amla
|
Weighing of shree amla
|
Add 2 tea spoon of sugar
|
Add 1 spoon of salt
|
Cook the amla for 13-15 minutes
|
Cooling amla at room temperature
|
Adding 2.5 table spoon of jeera powder
|
Add 1.5 table spoon of black salt
|
Sun drying for 4-5 days
|
Storing and Packaging
FIG – BITS BEFORE SUN DRYING FIG – FINAL PRODUCT

31. STORAGE AND LOGO DESIGN
 It should be stored in –
(A) Clean
(B) Dry
(C) Moisture free container
FIG – STORAGE BOX FIG - LOGO

32. PRODUCT PRICING
1. VARIABLE COST
Raw Material &
Ingredients Cost.
Rs. 208
Packaging
Cost(Container+Logo)
Rs. 68.5
No. of Container Produced. 11
Total Cost. Rs. 276.5
Variable Cost Per
Container.
Rs. 25.13
Selling Price Rs.30 (per unit)
Expenses Rs.25.13(per unit)
Profit Rs.4.87(per unit)
Total Profit Rs.53.57
2. PROFIT

33. MARKETING AND SALES
 Marketing –
Marketing of the product i.e. Amla Bits was done within the college
campus.
 Selling –
We made a profit of Rs 4.87 per packet.