Taco Tortoise Research Paper

Taco Tortoise Research Paper
Also known as the Argentine tortoise, the southern wood tortoise, and la tortuga terrestre patagГіnica [translation: the Patagonia terrestrial turtle], the
Chaco tortoise is a rare species endemic to Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America. Formally described by British zoologist John Edward
Gray (18??–18??) in 1870, and originally assigned to the genus Testudo, then to the genus Geochelone, the Chaco tortoise currently resides in the South
American tortoise genus Chelonoidis.
The genus Chelonoidis
C. carbonaria (the Red–footed tortoise), C. chilensis (the Chaco tortoise), C. denticulata (the Yellow–footed tortoise), and C. nigra (the GalГЎpagos
tortoise) comprise the genus Chelonoidis. According to DNA analysis, the closest living relative of the Chaco tortoise is the GalГЎpagos tortoise. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The genus name chelonoidis derives from the Greek root word chelon–, meaning a turtle or tortoise. The species name chilensis notwithstanding, the
Chaco tortoise is not native to Chile. Meaning 'Chilean' or 'coming from Chile,' many commentators consider the term chilensis misleading, yet it
persists in the literature and currently remains in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Twirling Baton
At age ten, Natalie Jonen went to her first baton–twirling camp. At the end of this camp, the counselor allowed the campers to twirl batons that were
on fire. It was then that Natalie fell in love with baton and, later, fire baton. Since then, she has continued to twirl fire batons for Olympia High twirl
competitively and thus has improved the hand–eye coordination necessary for both her sport and her ambition of becoming a surgeon. With the support
of her father and older sister, Natalie aspires to use her natural talent and hand–eye coordination for the greater good. After six years of twirling baton,
Natalie has gone to both regional and national championships for her prowess with the baton and plans to use her talent to get the baton twirling
scholarship at the University of Washington in Seattle, where she wants to go to medical school. If she doesn't get that scholarship, she plans on
collecting money from other scholarships to fund her education. From there, she will move on to getting her degree, possibly through a military
program that pays for the education and then requires her to serve a certain number of years in return. When Natalie finishes her militant service, she
will have enough money saved up to travel for a while to places such as Japan , Iceland, Greenland, and as much of Europe as possible. Afterward, she
plans on returning to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because her mother is an older woman, she has had multiple health issues in the past and Natalie often acted as a nurse for her. While Natalie's sister
is a caretaker at a nursing home, Natalie herself aspires to be a surgeon. "As a surgeon I'm working for people, not with people," she said. She doesn't
want to pursue a career as a nurse because, although she is a "people person," she has "a low tolerance for people," so she doesn't believe she could be
as good a nurse as she could be a

Are Zoos Humane
The death of Harambe has sparked a debate whether or not zoos are beneficial for animals. I have been too many zoos including "The Cincinnati Zoo".
Although many people argue that zoos are unnatural and healthy for the lives of animals, I believe that these are humane because they provide
educational opportunities, animal care, and animal conservation. 29 of the 34 animal species classified as extinct in the wild are still actively bred in
zoos. Zoos have captive breeding programs that help repopulate near extinct animal species. Reintroduction programs release the animals that have
been raised or rehabilitated back into the wild. This is an important tool that helps animal populations that are decreasing. Through the sales and
donations

Advantages Of Mutualistic Relationship With Ants
At first glance, the world around us is relatively one–dimensional. We see different species going about their everyday lives, not stopping to think about
how they are interacting with the world around them. However, no species lives in solitude. We like many animals, plants, and insects rely on each
other to survive. Ants are no exception to this. Some ants have adapted over time to form mutualistic relationships with the plants around them in order
to gain necessary commodities for survival. Any plant in a mutualistic relationship with ants is said to be "myrmecophytic" or "ant–loving."
Myrmecophytism always occurs between one species of ant, and one species of plant.
The Cecropia plant is one with a very strong mutualistic relationship between the Azteca Alfari species of ant.The cecropia tree has closely coevolved
with the A. Alfari ants. The plant has developed many structural adaptations that have no obvious benefit to the plant itself, meaning they must be
present in order to provide food and shelter for the ants. In order to provide a food source for the ants, the plant has Mullerian bodies. Mullerian bodies
are found on the petiole of the plant. An interesting point to note is that, rather than starch being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Cecropia tree provides very important shelter to the ants, using their hollow stems. The hollow stems provide an ideal place for the ants to
colonise and to make their nests within. The internodes of the stem of the tree are divided up by the ants using the infrastructure of their own nests.
These nests are mutually beneficial to the plant, as their presence is said to reduce the rate at which the tree will lose its leaves. (Speight M.R. et al
2008) Another important benefit of these nests within the Cecropia tree is that they are very closely intertwined with important fungi (chaetothyrialean
funga) found within the tree. (Nepal M. et al

The Importance Of Natural Selection In Relation To Biology
My book discusses quite a lot about natural selection and this is a topic directly related to biology. Natural selection has everything to do with
evolution and this is a part of the study of biology. Natural selection creates new species and somehow from this process humans came to be as well
as every other living organism. This is a slow process that takes generations to modify genes enough to form an entirely new species, but it is done.
Since all new species come from old ones, every living organism is interconnected on some level. This is the belief that all organisms on earth share a
common ancestor. Old species will continue forming chains of new species and the cycle continues, but not all organisms prosper.Natural selection
only allows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New modifications create new species that have different advantages to survive in various environments. Through generations of time a species
can develop genetic advantages to survive in its environment and reproduce more successfully than its surrounding organisms. While new species
are formed, others are extinct and this can affect all other organisms because that may be its prey or predator. The new species are likely to be
stronger, but more complex. Once a new species is formed, it is usually because of the pressure the environment put on it to survive and it is
unlikely for the old species to reappear. The extinction of an old species is due to natural selection and is most likely permanent. A similar species
could appear in a different landscape, but it will not be identical. For example, Darwin saw this with different species of finches on different islands.
This is called parallel succession. The species can still migrate to new geographical locations, but it is not likely they will survive unless their bodies
adapt. Descent with modification makes all species related to one another and Darwin made a family tree where this can be visually seen. This all ties
into the study of biology because the functions of different organisms can be seen worldwide through their variations while undergoing descent with

Flattened Fauna by Roger M. Knutson
Book Review of Flattened Fauna
Flattened Fauna, the book all about road kill. How could one not be interested in learning more about the flattened animals that litter our roads? I was
certainly intrigued by the idea that the study of these very dead animals actually exists. This book contains all sorts of information about flattened
fauna such as how to study it, where to study it, why flattened fauna exists, details about the most popular and or dangerous fauna, and of course why
it is studied in the first place. The following paragraphs will give a summary of the book Flattened Fauna, what to expect of the book, and how the
book relates to furthering ones knowledge of Biology.
The author states that this book is supposed to encourage the appreciation and study of road fauna. The author even mentions that a trip of one thousand
miles presents the opportunity to see, identify, and possibly enjoy four hundred to four thousand animals. The author encourages the reader to think of
the road as a habitat. Most animal habitats such as forests, lakes, marshes, and such have been apart of the world for millions of years, and the new
roads conveniently run through these habitats. These new roads and highways are a relatively new part of these animals natural habitat, but the
animals still include these roads as a part of their traditional habitat. Animals have not had a significant amount of time to adapt to this relatively new
habitat. The road fauna is quite new

Speech On Dercum's Disease
Dercum's disease (DD), known medically as adiposis dolorosa (which literally translates to painful fat) was first recognized by Dr. Francis Xavier
Dercum in 1888. Though Dercum's disease is its most recognizable name it is really a syndrome (a collection of symptoms that indicate a disease)
and sadly, it being one of the rarer of the orphan diseases, there are not many medical professionals that even know it by any name let alone how to
diagnose or treat it.
Dercum's is known to effect the vascular and lymphatic systems. There are many symptoms that can present but the main indication of Dercum's is
painful growths in the subcutaneous fat. These fatty growths are called lipomas and can happen all though out the body and because they are so ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One disease it has a lot in common with is lymphatic cancer, but without having the malignant cells most doctors cannot justify to an insurance
company that we would benefit from radiation. In all reality, we don't even know if we would benefit anyhow because there is just not enough of us to
do trials on.
I'm Tired of Talking and Not Being Heard
OK, I'll admit, I love to talk. I love to write. I love to explain. In fact I have been told that I am a chronic over–explainer but some days I am just too
tired of explaining just what is going on with me. One day I may be up and fine and another day I am out for the count.
For some reason I feel that if someone tells you they have cancer there is just that understanding and no explanation is needed. Since I love to
explain so much, let me try to make this clear: If someone has a sickness that is going to be with them until the day they die, whether it is that
sickness that is the cause of their death or something else, it remains a burden every day. Some days are better than others but it is still there
insinuating itself in our bodies and waiting to strike again. Oh and usually it strikes with a vengeance if we mere sickly mortals think we have
overcome it even for one single sunny

Need for Wildlife Conservation
Wildlife Conservation Efforts in India
Introduction
The Indian subcontinent boasts of serving as the natural habitat of a large and varied wildlife. The sub–continent with its varied geographical spread
from the Himalayas in the north to the Cauvery basin in the south and the Kutch region in the west to the plains of Assam in East present a diverse
range of environmental conditions for some of the most magnificent as well as the rarest wildlife species of the world in India to exist. The beauty and
variety we see in the jungles of India is difficult to be expressed in words and I bring together the breadth through pictures in this project. However, the
past few decades have seen the greed and negligence of human beings working to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The natural habitat as well as migration patterns of the animals and birds is experiencing disturbances.
Last but not the least, the threat of poaching has been haunting the wildlife of India since ages. Even after the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries and
national parks, the threat of poaching has not been totally eliminated.
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting endangered plant and animal species and their habitats. Among the goals of wildlife conservation are
to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness lands to humans. Many
nations have government agencies dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous
independent non–profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
Wildlife conservation has become an increasingly important practice due to the negative effects of human activity on wildlife. The science of
conservation biology plays a part in wildlife conservation. The ethic of conservation, in addition to lobbying by conservationists, has made it an
important environmental issue.
Importance of wildlife conservation Due to the growing impact of deforestation, continuous efforts are being made by some anxious animal lovers to
protect the endangered species of wildlife as well as those that are on the verge of extinction and thus save the world from running out its

Old World Monkey Research Paper
Modern Evolutionary Classification The Cercopithecus aethiops, otherwise known as the vervet monkey is a species that has inhabited East African
woodland savanna trees for thousands of years and is considered to be an old world monkey. The twenty–two inch long twelve pound omnivore
primarily eat fruits and leaves, but in some cases will eat small mammals and birds and rarely drink water. Since the vervet monkey is considered an old
world species, it inherently has a "close–set nostrils that are downward or forward facing, a tubular ear bone, and a tail, if present, that is never
prehensile...adapted for grasping or holding" as can be seen viewing fossil records. (Old World monkey). Because of their tree dwelling nature along
with

Zoos
Although its origins may have come from a fascination of exotic animals, throughout the years, zoos have constantly evolved and improved beyond
their early predecessors; however, it has always involved the process of scientific inquiry. Today's modern day zoo does not merely exist for
entertainment value, even though many guests may initially visit with amusement in mind, most walk away with a greater knowledge of wildlife and
the current issues they are facing within our environment. Zoos serve as an ambassador for wildlife through constant protection, rehabilitation, and
conservation efforts.
Animal rights activists and organizations have harbored negative views towards zoos for a variety of reasons. They feel that the educational value ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today's zoos offer a wide array of educational opportunities for not only children but adults as well, onsite, within the classrooms, and via the internet.
While it is unfortunate that animals must remain within enclosures, wildlife as a whole benefits from their existence.
Contrary to the opposition's belief that zoos breed animals to produce cute offspring to boost ticket sales, propagation is vital for the advancement of
each individual species. Zoos have played a major part in helping to restore endangered species populations through their reintroduction of
endangered species programs. A recent example of such a breeding would be the new edition at the Lowry Park Zoo in Tampa, Florida. On July 7,
2009, the park welcomed a rare Indian rhinoceros cub. According to Randy Reiches, "The Indian rhino birth at Tampa's Lowry Park Zoo is a
significant event not just for Florida, but for the species throughout the world."
Credit is given to zoological societies for donating millions of dollars annually towards wildlife conservation organizations, as well as funding over a
thousand conservation projects last year alone. These donations allow wildlife conservationists to perform valuable research across the globe, which in
turn, provides zoo veterinarians with vital information to provide top quality care to each individual species in captivity. Information obtained also
allows them to organize rehabilitation efforts, species survival plans and so much more.
In

What Is Integrative Studies?
What is integrative studies? Integrative studies is the ability to form bridges between different areas of knowledge creating a network of information.
Thus, allowing us to see each individual area in it's own right but also how the areas do or do not function as a whole. A wonderful example of this
would be a puzzle. Each individual piece is portraying a specific image or part of an image. Some puzzle pieces fit together while others do not. But
once the puzzle is finished not only are you able to see how the individual pieces came together to form an image but you are also see how all
together they form a whole a much bigger picture. Even the pieces that do not touch (relate) still have an impact on the situation as a whole. This is
what integrative studies is. The ability to pull bits of information and assemble them to accomplish a goal or intent.
Education
In the beginning I chose three minors that I felt would be beneficial to many aspects of life and business. The first chosen was communication.
Communication is essential in all that we do, both professionally and socially. Without being able to articulate and receive information properly, we
would not be able accumulate or disperse knowledge needed to perform to the best of our abilities. For my second minor I chose public relations. Public
relations is how the public perceives an individual or organization. And how person or company responds and communicates to situations pertaining to
the individuals it serves.

What Is Zoonotic Infectious Disease?
Zoonotic infectious diseases has significantly increased concerns to humans since the beginning of the domestication of animals. Commonly threating
both animals and human's health and welfare. Mainly these diseases are due to a wide range of pathogens including fungi, bacteria, parasites, and
many more. Many diseases which plague the human species can be life threatening. Be more alert about a single scratch from a friendly paw.
Researchers discovered how cats can quickly spread an infectious fatal disease such as Bartonella henselae bacteria. Also, known as cat scratch disease
or CDC. Most infections cases commonly occur after scratches from fetal or domestic cats, especially kittens. CSD arise wherever fleas are found on
cats. The most common symptoms include enlarged, tender lymph nodes which could develop 1–3 weeks after exposure; ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Kittens are more likely to have bacteria in the blood of cat scratch and are known to scratch more aggressively. Individuals who have been bitten or
scratched by a kitten are at higher risked of getting infected again, and those who have a kitten with fleas are at higher risk of an infection than people
whose animals were free of fleas.
Patients diagnosed with CSD do not always required antibiotics. They are usually requested a follow–up by their doctors in about three to six months;
however, if symptoms do not get better or worsen, their doctor should be contacted immediately. Patients who are have an impairedimmune system
need weekly follow–up even when responding well with antibiotics. Rare cases some patients could be in need of hospitalization for treatment of
complications.
Cat scratch disease could be treated and prevented. Always stay alerted and do your best to keep your cats nails trimmed. Zoonotic diseases can be
prevented with simple caring of animals. Treat and care for your animals as if they were your own

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rare Earth Metals
ABSTRACT: Rare earth elements or rare earth metals are a group of seventeen elements in the Periodic Table including Scandium, Yttrium and 15
Lanthanides with Z ranging continuously from 57 to 71. These elements encompass nearly all electronic, clean energy, and military technologies due to
their unique physical and chemical properties. Despite world–wide usage of these elements, presently China bears a monopoly in rare earth market
owing to its huge rare earth deposits. The ever increasing demand and restricted export of REE from China has forced counties around the world to
explore resources available to them. Propelled by increasing demand and a need for self–sufficiency to provide for growing industry demands, India
plans to triple its output by 2017.Though a number of conventional techniques are already in practice they are too costly and environmentally
destructive to be used for the widely dispersed low grade resources. Furthermore, the processing of low grade ores would lead to generation of
additional amount of wastes of complex nature. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for alternative rare earth mining techniques. For this reason
Phytoextraction would be a better alternative. In... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, Owing to their desirable properties and abundant sources in China, people started to use REE–based micro fertilizers or additives to enhance
yield and quality of crops and vegetables (Hong et al. 2000; Wang et al. 2007). Furthermore, positive feedbacks from Chinese reports on the use of
these elements in agriculture have increased the interest of plant biologists and agriculturists in the REEs (von Tucher and Schmidhalter,

The Cure, By Geeta Anand
Some people succeed because they are destined to, but mostly because they are determined to" (unknown). This quote truly represents John and
Aileen Crowley, the parents of John, Meagan, and Patrick in the book "The Cure," by Geeta Anand. Having two of their children born with a life
debilitating disease called Pompe disease, was hard to comprehend. Being told that their children have only months to live due to the fact that there
was no medicine on the market to combat the disease, John decided to quit his marketing executive job to find a cure and make a drug that will save
them. He invested himself and his life's savings in a startup biotechnology company that grew from 27 million dollars to 137.5 million dollars. There
were many challenges he faced throughout the entire story line, yet he continued to persevere which ultimately paid off. One of the biggest hardships
he faced was after the drug was about to get tested. He was told that the drug would only be tried on babies that were less than six months old and that
his two children would not be included in the clinical trial. To hear that his children were not going to in fact receive the drug after all this time and
effort was crushing, yet he insisted to find a way that they would get it. The scientist concluded that it would be good research to see if the medicine
worked in siblings, and they made an exception to let these two siblings be included in the study. His hard work and willpower to succeed paid off
when the

Negative Essay On Coral Reefs
Twenty five percent of all marine life on earth live in coral reefs. Coral reefs are very fascinating with their array of living things in the ecosystem.
Coral reefs are known to be a very beautiful place though coral reefs do much more for humans than just tourism. Coral reefs provide food, resources
and many other valuable things." Without the oceans there would be no life on earth" – Peter Benchley. That quote seems like a stretch of the truth but
the oceans provide more for humans than we realize and we can't live without the oceans including coral reefs. Unfortunately, many of coral reefs
around the world are dying because of humans with corals bleaching and animals dying from inhaling or eating harmful waste dumped in the ocean but
there are many ways to help. All of these concepts will be described below. Life forms, impacts of climate change/human activity, and endangered
species are the topics for this essay.
Coral reefs are home to millions of species. These species are what keeps the coral reefs so biodiverse. The range of life in coral reefs are from
micro–organisms we can't see without a microscope to whale sharks the size of a school bus. Plants in coral reefs include algae, seagrass and
zooxanthellae. Zooxanthellae is the algae that lives in invertebrates in the sea like corals and jellyfish. Algae is found on all corals and seagrass is
found mostly at the seafloor. The animals in coral reefs differ in many ways and each of the species is unique.

Csr Dilemma Essay
Jay Patel Genzyme's CSR Dilemma: How to play its HAND 07–13–2015 Due: Thursday, 16th, 2015 BACKGROUND ABOUT THE COMPANY.
Genzyme is an American Biotechnology party based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Genzyme is third biggest biotechnology company with over
10,000 employees around the globe. it is located within over 65 countries. Genzyme has over revenues over $4.6 billion. Fun fact about the company I
found was they had donated almost $100 million in 2006. The case talks about HAND which means find effective drugs for neglected diseases. 1.After
completing his analysis of three major HAND Initiatives, What should Jim Geraghty recommend to Henri Termeer, and how can he support his
recommendation? This would fall into Transformative theory. A HAND in this case is humanitarian show commitment to patient's loose profits and
find an effective drug for ignored diseases. Some of the things I think that Geraghty can recommend to Henri Would are to improve on each other
following area. Malaria, Tuberculosis, and sleeping... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To alter the geographic region this needs the most help out of all the places. They should also do a research to see appropriate and trustful partners.
They should also manage numerous affairs and associates. The resources that should be allocated would be the appropriate fund money, also a need
of brilliant scientist who could lead the program into the right direction and would be beneficial to the resources for the company. Also keep a
harmony between global need. Some of the partnering approaches that could be taken are keep a straight forward agenda, strong companions that
would be committed to the change, available for funding, additional capabilities, and innovative ideas. This would be some of the partnering approach
genzyme I think could take to lead this into a right

Lion Liger Research Paper
Lions, Tigers, Bears OH MY! One of the world's most fascinating hybrid animals is known as the liger. This interesting breed between male lion and
female tigress symbolizes genetic variation, thus, making this animal the perfect example of biodiversity. To understand the basis of this class, one
must first be able to define what biodiversity is. The term bio means life, and the term diversity means multiplicity or variety. The liger may be the
largest in the big cat family. Compared to a female tigress who approximately weighs 600 pounds and is about nine feet long, and thelion that weighs
500 and is eight feet long. Ligers are twice the size of their parent feline. The average liger weighs about 1000 pounds and is eleven feet long. The

The Zoo Hypothesis
Possible Solutions Quarantine We really don't know anything about what kind of life may be out there. There is no way of knowing if other
civilisations would even welcome contact with us. It would be completely reasonable to suggest that maybe they are lying low, hoping we don't
ever notice them. After all, we could be hostile and a threat to them for all they know. Once we have located them, they may feel that it is possible
we could come to visit, bring advanced weaponry and possibly even diseases, contaminating their planet (AstroBioWeb). I believe this is an
unlikely scenario, as I think it would be highly unlikely for us to cross such a large distance (if it was even possible sometime in the future) simply
to attack or try to colonise a planet that has nothing to do with us. The Zoo Hypothesis This hypothesis was posed by John Ball in 1973 (Ball,
1973). It basically states that we are being observed by one or more civilisations for scientific purposes, or even as a novelty. It that was the case, they
would not want to disturb our natural behaviour and environment. This would suggest that they are far more advanced than us, and see us as the
equivalent of perhaps apes at best. They might even regard us as being an endangered species, considering our slowly declining environment and
general hostility towards each other. This solution is of particular concern. If this is truly the case, what would happen if we were successful in
achieving interstellar travel, thus

William BaxterвЂ™s Anthropocentric Justification Regarding...
XXXXX XXXXXXXX
Alex Hallam
Philosophy 252: Contemporary Moral Problems
3 December 2012
William Baxter's Anthropocentric Justification Regarding Regulation of Pollution
Introduction:
William Baxter addresses the issue of pollution, using a human–oriented method by which all value assigned to flora and fauna is dependent on each
entity's benefits to humans. In this essay I will briefly explain Baxter's anthropocentric approach, attempt to show the flaws in Baxter's arguments,
examine his possible recourse after revisiting these points, and then conclude by restating my stance regarding the importance of flora and fauna and
the immorality of environmental pollution. Pollution is immoral not only because we have a duty to preserve the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The idea that an animal or plant which has little or no value has fulfilled its purpose, or rather failed in its purpose for humans, should become extinct is
appalling. It is unjustified for the simple fact that the future ramifications for upsetting that necessary balance are unpredictable in our continual
evolutionary adaptation. We do not as evolved beings yet have the ability to see into the future, nor to anticipate ramifications that come with the
extinction of any one species. Therefore even if fauna and flora exist only for the benefit of humans, an unknown benefit should be reason enough to
preserve a particular habitat. If waste is bad and the purpose of an animal or plant is yet to be discovered, how can anyone assign its value or
lack–there–of? The rare botanical that may just be the cure to cancer may have perished in the forest felled for that new parking lot in some new
district just outside of town. In eliminating the value of a plant or animal and perhaps failing to preserve its existence, we may unintentionally forsake
human existence. Baxter seems to put a lot of faith in the intelligence and intentions of men in regard to the variable nature of one man's preferences
over another. Baxter admits that humans are selfish and egotistical by nature. If man's desire in magnitude is by nature so

Speciation
Speciation
Speciation is known to take place in two general ways. Species are known to change over time into something that is so extremely different they are
considered a completely different species. In other words, a species can change so drastically that it splits into two separate groups that no longer
share a similar gene pool. In each case of speciation, reproductive isolation occurs. Even for a single definition of species, there are many ways for
speciation to occur. Under the biological species concept, speciation is the evolution of one or more reproductive isolating mechanisms. Under the
cohesion species concept, speciation is the evolution of isolation or otherwise distinct reproductive communities and/or the evolution of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a normal organism contains two chromosomes (diploidy), there new offspring contain four chromosomes (tetraploidy). This creates reproductive
isolation because a diploid organism is unable to mate with a tetraploid organism (Stebbins Jr., n.d.). Since sympatric speciation is uncommon, it occurs
in plants because they generally fertilize themselves. Tetraploidy plants can reproduce with other tetraploidy plants of the opposite sex, allowing them
to form a new species.
Allopatric speciation is a more common type of speciation, and this occurs when the species become isolated geographically. Once populations gap, or
separate, the gene flow becomes nonexistent. The two populations that were separated become genetically different over time, due to natural selection
in the different regions. However, if the species population is small, enough they can experience something known as the founder effect. Meaning the
genetic diversity is reduced in the population due to the lack of a large variety of ancestors (Lemmon, n.d.). Because the two populations are separated
by geography, genetic drift and natural selection will influence each population differently. Over time, this will create two genetically different species.
Natural selection plays an important role on the creation of new species, as well as allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation. Each of which plays
a major

Achieving Conservation Goals With Urbanizing Landscapes
Synopsis: Achieving Conservation goals with Urbanizing Landscapes
Goal of the Study: To help Conservation biology realize that they need to embrace urbanizing ecosystems; to consider designing a protected area of
network in NJ highlands; to apply the costs of obtaining land and integrating this land into a protected urban area and to observe the performance of a
long stand preserved urban area in central university in terms of its biodiversity protection.
Rationale: Urban areas should not be ignored because they hold a surprisingly high number of native species, some of which are very much of
conservation concern. At time conservation biologist think about what areas are the best areas that will allow them to conserve as much species ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1996 to 2004, State0wide voters accepted a budget of $11.4 billion dollars to fund many urban land conservation projects. During this vote, New
Jersey accounted for over 75% of this funding. Major motivations include preserving local biodiversity in an urbanizing environment and protecting
important populations or rare species. Professor Lockwood realized that 17 species found in the area were rapidly declining, such as Least flycatcher,
field sparrow and cerulean warbler. Professor Lockwood made it her goal to find an urban area that would allow these bird species to thrive, and
affordable cost of acquiring the land.
Methods: Professor Lockwood used distribution maps from MAxent software for each of the 17 species of birds and then overlaid these distribution
maps unto the maps of land use/land cover in the study region. In order to build a protected areas network in the New Jersey highlands that will provide
sufficient habitat for the 17 species, Professor Lockwood used an optimization algorithm. Optimization algorithm often used in evolution studies and
industrial. These are very well developed for many situations in which the goal needs to be met at minimum costs. In this situation, the Algorithm
would search through the red dots of the species, looking to include those that satisfy habitat needs for birds while minimizing the costs, such as

Outbreak Of A Rare Species Of E. Coli
Last summer 2011, Germany stumbled upon an outbreak of a rare species of E. coli O104:H4 (Pennington 2011). The causative strains appeared to
have features from two different E. coli pathotypes of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) and shiga–toxin–producing E. coli (STEC) called
enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (Bloch, Felczykowska and Nejman–FaleЕ„czyk 2012). The main effect from this strain causes major incident of
gastroenteritis and unusual develop of haemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) among the affected patients (Rasko et al 2011). HUS often described as
group of disease of haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia (Schifferli eta al 2009). And it is known to be the result of infection
by pathogens that produce shiga–toxin (Walker, Applegate and Black 2012). This particular strain possessed several identical characteristics with
some older STEC cases but with different serotypes such as E. coli O105:H7, O121:H19 and O111:H8 (Scheutz et. al 2011). At the end of the outbreak,
nearly 3500 cases of EHEC were recorded with 850 patients experience the progression to HUS and 82 deaths (RKI 2011).
On 1st May, hospital in Germany received patient with gastroenteritis symptoms and believed to be the first case that linked with the outbreak
(Altmann et al 2011). As of the first week of May, which was the presumed initial onset of the disease, HUS cases started to develop and around 0 to 2
new cases of HUS were recorded daily. Then, since 9th May, it started to show

Nokshobli Research Paper
The "Nokshobli" Deep in the nearby swamps of a peaceful village, it was believed that there lived some mysterious creatures with magical powers.
The locals called them "the Nokshobli" meaning odd people. These creatures were thought to be short in height of 2 feet and 4 feet tall. It is also
believed that the Nokshobli is very powerful, with either light or dark forces. However, these creatures resemble a little man, but some describe them
with scales and dark glowing red eyes. The eyes of the Nokshobli could be seen from the shadows in the swampy mist. Although, these creatures lived
near the swamp; the Nokshobli has been known to lurk around the edges of the forest, near the village. However, when the creatures would come near
the village,

What Is Genzyme?
Since its inception in 1981, Genzyme, a biotechnology company, has pursued a path remarkably different from its peers: develop drugs for rare
diseases rather than "blockbuster" drugs. The company continued to operate independently managing its own production, sales, and testing facilities
rather than collaborating with large pharmaceutical companies. It went public in 1986, raising $27 million. By 2006, Genzyme was the world's
third–largest biotechnology company. In 2011, it was acquired by Sanofi, a French drug company in a $20 billion mutually beneficial deal.
Genzyme's focus on small, but immensely profitable markets for rare diseases and its novel strategy to stay independent has given it formidable
returns. However, its acquisition by

Otherwise Called Nyhan 's Syndrome
Lesch–Nyhan Syndrome, otherwise called Nyhan's syndrome, hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency or juvenile gout, is
a rare hereditary disorder that affects almost exclusively males at a very young age. Thereby, they develop neurological and behavioral
abnormalities–physical handicaps, mental retardation and abnormal involuntary muscle movements– and the overproduction of uric acid. This paper
will outline the Lesch–Nyhan syndromes genetic and metabolic components, symptoms and signs, how and when a patient should present to a
physician, what makes the physician think that a patient has the disease, how it is diagnosed, the treatment and/or cure, and its longevity. The history of
Lesch–Nyhan syndrome began first when it was discovered or recognized by Michael Lesch and William Nyhan. Michael Lesch and William Nyhan
supplied the first detailed clinical characterization of Lesch–Nyhan disease in the year 1964 (H A Jinnah, 2015). Additionally, the deficiency of the
enzyme hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyl transferase was observed by Seegmiller and associates in 1967 (H A Jinnah, 2015). Lesch–Nyhan
Syndrome is genetically caused due to the deficiency of hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyl transferase or the HPRT1 gene mutation. The complete
or acute deficiency of HRPT leads to this Lesch–Nyhan syndrome. The gene mutation is located in the X chromosome. The HPRT gene is found on
the long arm of the X chromosome and the amino acid coding for HPRT is

Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis (CIPA) Essay
Introduction Congenital Insensitivity to Anhidrosis (or CIPA) is a rare genetic disease with the characteristics of not being able to feel any pain or
temperature, and little or no sweating. It is inherited by an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that both parents have a mutated NTRK1 gene, but
they do not show any symptoms of CIPA. The damaged NTRK1gene produces proteins that cannot transmit signals. Since the neurons do not get any
signals from the proteins, they perform apoptosis. Apoptosis is a process by which neurons self–destruct. Without these sensory neurons, people with
CIPA cannot feel any pain or temperature. They also lose the nerves by their sweat glands, which leads to anhidrosis– lessened or no sweating. The
purpose... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some characteristics of CIPA are hypotrichosis, where hair does not grow on parts of the scalp, hyperactivity, leathery skin on the palms of the hands,
oddly shaped toenails or fingernails, emotional instability, and slight mental retardation. Those with CIPA have many health risks. Because people with
CIPA cannot feel pain, they tend to hurt themselves severely and repeatedly. People with CIPA also tend to chew on their fingers, tongue, or lips,
which sometimes leads to self–amputation of body parts. Those with CIPA also are in danger of temperature–related risks, such as hypothermia,
heatstroke, burns, and frostbite. Growing up with CIPA is difficult. Most guardians do not know that their child has CIPA until they notice
unexplainable injuries, frequent fevers, or the absence of crying when there is an obvious cause to. Children with CIPA have to be checked for
injuries and too high or too low of temperatures frequently. Many with CIPA die before they live a full life because of infections that do not heal or
high fevers. During teething, some children with CIPA can bite themselves and they have to get teeth removed, so they will not hurt themselves. Those
with CIPA must sometimes wear eye protection, so they won't cause any damage to their eyes. Although those with CIPA cannot feel pain, parents can
teach their children to get an adult if they see blood,

Taking a Look at BioMarin
1. Background
BioMarin is a biotechnology company headquartered in Novato, California and with operations in Europe, South America, USA and Asia. BioMarin
originally began developing carbohydrate enzymes for rare diseases. Their first candidate drug was AldurazymeВ® which is currently being used to
treat patients of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS–I). MPS–I patient census consists of about 3,400 patients in developed countries; 1,000 of which reside
in the United States of America. Because of the rare nature of this condition and the rareness of other conditions being treated by BioMarin, they are
considered an orphan drug company. Receiving orphan drug designation has resulted in BioMarin gaining certain advantages from the FDA such as:
seven year exclusive period on marketing after a drug has been approved and tax incentives. As such, BioMarin has not necessarily faced competition
in the therapeutic areas of their approved products. BioMarin was founded as a subsidiary of Glyko Biomedical in 1996 and started operations in
1997. While Glyko provided the initial start–up funds, BioMarin also sold 2.5 million common stock to its founders. The company has a history of
success in fundraising. Examples of some key financing activities experienced a few years after inception include private placements to independent
investors and Glyko Biomedical in 1999 worth $26 million and a 50:50 joint venture with Genzyme in 1998 worth $30 million. BioMarin raised a
combined sum of $58 million

Animal Compare Contrast Essay
All living organisms are related and connected to a common ancestor.
For example, there are several homologous structures among different types of species such as humans, cats, whales, bats, eagles, lizards, frogs, and
chimpanzees. The most common structure they share are within their forelimbs, such as the humerus, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges. All of
these specific bones are found within these animals, that act as different functions. The reason why their function varies, is because of their adaptations
to the environment they lived in. The American Museum of Natural History states that because of the similarities between all these different types of
species, it reveals that each of them are related to a common ancestor, a tetrapod. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These bones are completely useless, besides providing information and evidence about how snakes evolved from lizards. With lizards' environments,
they had short legs in order to move around quick enough, and through generations they began to reproduce with shorter legs or none at all. Just like
snakes, humans have vestigial structures as well. Some of these include the appendix, gallbladder, wisdom teeth, tailbone, muscles of the ear, and
more. Many of these characteristics found in humans, are also found to be vestigial in primates. This specific example provides support for evolution,
and suggests that humans have evolved from primates. Specifically, the tailbone is the fragment of a lost tail that provided balance to an individual,
but primates still have their tail. In some very rare cases, some human babies have been born with a short tail–like structure, but had been surgically
removed and lived a normal life. In conclusion, collections of evidence about the homologous and vestigial structures of certain species has been found
to determine that all organisms are related and connected to a common

Ranomafana Research Paper
Ronomafana–national–park
The ranomafana is situated in the huge island of Madagascar. The island of Madagascar is found off the south east coast of the continent Africa. The
word 'ranomafana' means hot water in malgasy. Without any doubt the ranomafana Park is the most spectacular mational parks of the island. The park
is a major visited spot for stong reasons such as good access, 12 species of lemur and its well–maintained environment.
While walking through the park you will meet up with all the with all the 12 lemurs including the eastern woolly lemur, eastern grey bamboo lemur,
red bullied lemur, red fronted brown lemur, greater bamboo lemur, the rare aye–aye, brown mouse lemur, the black and white lemurs ruffed lemur,
small–toothed sportive

Essay On Endangered Plants
Biodiversity
Imagine this: you step outside and feel the barren, rough, red Earth beneath your feet. There's not a single plant in sight–no rustling of the leaves, no
mighty towering trees to block the severe winds, and the scorching heat of the sun searing upon your face because there's no shade. And when you take
a whiff of air, you feel nothing filling up the space inside your lungs, liberating your body's activities. What's wrong with this picture? It's not possible,
of course. Even though plants aren't the building blocks of life, they're pretty close and without them, most of life wouldn't exist–YOU wouldn't exist. In
my research, I will go in–depth about biodiversity–which defines as a quantity of the relative diversity among ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Based upon the same experiments and samples taken, it was concluded that the atmospheric nitrogen pollution was caused by the burning of fossil fuels
and rigorous agriculture (Ananthaswamy, 2004).
According to the 2004 release of the Threatened and Endangered Species System (TESS) information, there are 599 endangered plants and 147
threatened plants in the US alone (TESS, 2004). These listings rely on a very stern legal system. Whether they can be labeled "rare", "threatened," or
"endangered", it is determined by the measure of endangerment the species sustain. An "endangered" type is one that is in jeopardy of extinction
throughout all or a major fraction of its range. A "threatened" species is one that is likely to become in danger of extinction in the future (UFWS, 2004).
Ways for prevention of plant dissolution/ rewards
Here in DeKalb County, we have several different threatened plant species. They are: Bay–star Vine, Flatrock Onion, Granite Rock Stonecrop, Indian
Olive, Piedmont Barren Strawberry, and the Pool Sprite Snorkelwort. We have one endangered plant: it is the Black–spored Quillwort (UFWS, 2004).
There are over 542 discrete approved ecosystem recovery plans. Some plans cover more than one species while a few have different plans covering
various parts of their ranges (TESS, 2004). One organization is the Botanic Gardens Conservation International. It has just recently been added as a
participant of the bigger

World History in Context Essay
Rebecca Nichols
HIS 140 – A History of Humanity
Essay 1
World History in Context, written by David Christian (2003), questions the context of world history as well as the complexity of human history and the
societies with which they live. In Christian's article he argues that looking at world history in its global context, rather than one specific moment in
history, is the way it is intended to be interpreted and allows historians to recognize reoccurring patterns and themes. World history is meant to be an
unbiased account of only one specific species, humans (Christian 2003, 437–438). Historians often struggle with this challenging topic and tend to
produce works extremely biased, usually towards stable 'western civilizations' and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though more complex, they are also more fragile and rare because the consumption of large energy flows is a challenging task (McNeill 2003,
319–320). For example, the colossal increase in size of the human brain over the past four million years has left us with the most complex structure in
the universe, consuming the largest amount of energy proportionate to its size (Ponting 2000, 24). 'The brain consumes twenty percent of the energy
necessary for the body but only accounts for two percent of its body mass' (Christian 2003, 455). This statistic clarifies doubt that the brain is anything
other than an energy–hoarding structure, just as others of similar complexity.
Human societies have also evolved from simple structures of early hunting–and–gathering communities to the more complex cosmopolitan cities of
today. The hunting–and–gathering communities were fairly simple societies demanding the minimum of resources. Complexity grew with farming
communities and more energy was necessary to sustain the larger populations and the demands of a stable, non–nomadic life. Early civilizations saw
an increase in complexity with the introduction of specialization and trade. Which, again, required more energy to sustain even larger communities.
Cultural evolution has evolved so much that cities today are only possible because of humans' ability to control energy by the movement of food
across large distances to easily accessible locations (McNeill 2003, 320–321).

Bedouins: The Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula, which occupies an area of 61,000 km2 or 6.1% of the surface area of Egypt, is very rich both in the number of species and the
high percentage of endemics. Sinai Peninsula is п¬‚oristically one of the richest of all phytogeographical regions of Egypt. In many of these plants,
Bedouins find sources of nutrition, medicine and pasture. In the last ten years unmanaged human activities have threatened endemic and rare species
resulting in disappearance of pastoral plant communities, and have caused an increased dominance of unpalatable plant species due to the herds of
goats that graze the diffuse vegetation in the high mountains and Wadis (Moustafa, 1990).
Although the endemic species represent 3.2% of the total flora of Sinai

Why Do People Ban Zoos
Many people think that all the animals in the zoo are happy and healthy animals. Many may think getting a glimpse of rare creatures may be exciting
and the breeding program is great ideas to save animal species, but not all owners are kind to there animals. There are thousands– maybe even
millions– of stories of abuse, death, and beatings that happens after closing hours at the zoo. Because of these stories, they have inspired many people
to ban zoos, but many of these actions still go on. In 2010, a zoo located in China had Siberian tigers, which is one of the world's most endangered
species. In the zoo they starved the tigers to death because the food was too expensive, leaving 11 Siberian tigers to starve to death. The Tigers were
cramped

Stress Twirling Research Paper
I have been dedicated to the National Baton Twirling Association, NBTA, since the age of seven. For a whole decade I spent my time waking up
early on Saturdays to be in the gym from 7AM to 3PM, wearing pageant dresses with heels higher than my GPA and traveling extensive hours by car
to competitions across the United States. To some this may sound completely insane, but no matter how much pain and stress twirling has brought
upon me, I cannot help but fall more and more in love with the sport that I have come to call my second home. It is the place where I feel the most
comfortable and the only people who can judge me are the four people with the score sheet that has Calise Necolle Henry written on it in front of them.
Competitions for my

Reed Frog Research Paper
What was the reason you chose to research about this species (topic)? The reason I chose to research about this species was because I thought it was
a somewhat rare species that is not really heard from in public or rather often and I feel like I can teach someone about this species and at the same
time learn myself further more about this species while I do this research or project as I would call it. A problem that I would say this species faces is
that it is becoming extinct because of the small amount of capacity that shelters can only hold for frogs therefore, they are becoming extinct because
there is no room for these amphibians to survive in and another problem I would say that that this specie faces is that there isn't much information as
there are to other species ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Researchers should also publically state in a book, magazine, website, newspaper etc. that is based on science and say what they have learned from
their research and maybe even experiments with this frog so that other people in public can be informed and also know more about the Reed Frog
since it is not a very well– known specie. In my opinion, I believe that my proposed solution could possibly benefit in a way where it will help
others in a somewhat helpful way for example if they need this kind of information in the future and also if they like or enjoy studying these kinds of
topics it might help them and it can possibly even entertain people. Are there any policies or standards currently in place that would affect the way
your solution could be implemented? In my opinion, I think that if there are any standards or policies currently in the way that may affect

The Role of Zoos in Conservation: Ethical Considerations...
Rachel Stillman
HONH242
11/27/12
The Role of Zoos in Conservation: Ethical Considerations
As the animal rights movement has developed and grown substantially in recent years, there has been an increased focused on the welfare of captive
animals. A popular institution that has received much attention for keeping animals captive is thezoo. Because of this focus, zoos have responded by
publicizing their positive benefits for existence in order to justify keeping these animals on display. Since the term "zoo" can have a wide variety of
meaning and characteristics, it is important to define what constitutes a zoo in this essay. Zoos are defined as a facility in which animals are confined
within enclosures, displayed to the public, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To answer this complex question, philosophy professor Bryan Norton poses some additional concerns relevant to this issue. He notes that if in fact
keeping these animals in captivity is ethical, then we must also discuss what specifically humans want to conserve (Norton 15). Is it limited just to
animal species, or can it extend to populations, ecosystems, and natural processes? If we simply identify wild animals, then we must ask ourselves
if we are preserving a wild species if the animals themselves are forced to spend their lives in captivity? He mentions a common analogy used among
zoo professionals who refer themselves to a modern day Noah's ark, preserving each species by removing individuals for conservation. If zoos
represent a sanctuary from extinction, then we must also address if there will ever be a natural habitat to reintroduce the animals into, or if they be
forced to remain on the zoos "Ark" indefinitely (Norton 16). Though the work of various ethical scholars and philosophers may not be able to provide
a concrete answer to all of the respective questions, I will discuss the concept of reintroduction when analyzing the third argument of this essay.
The second main argument zoo proponent's provide to support their role in conservation

Genetic Hybridization Of Wolf Populations
As a result of habitat fragmentation and extensive hunting pressure, gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations have declined dramatically in Europe and
elsewhere during recent centuries. The natural history of European populations of grey wolf (Canis lupus) has been characterized by a dramatic decline
in numbers during the past few hundred years (Boitani 2003). Small and fragmented populations have persisted, but often only in the presence of large
numbers of dogs, which increase the potential for hybridization and introgression to deleteriously affect wolf populations. Genetic hybridization is the
process of interbreeding individuals from genetically distinct populations to produce a hybrid. A genetic hybrid would therefore carry two different

Ring Species Evolution
Many geneticists believe that all current life stems from one common ancestor in a tree of life fashion. Over millions of years, this process of
speciation has created numerous kinds of creatures, many of which we are still discovering today. For instance, a rare phenomenon, occuring only in
particular environments, was dubbed as a "ring species" by scientists Ernst Mayr and Theodosius Dobzhansky and may help to create this great
biodiversity (Pereira & Wake, 2015). When a species becomes separated and can no longer interbreed, the gene flow between these two populations
discontinue, which leads to the development of two entirely different species (Martins & de Aguiar, 2017). Researchers have documented this
extraordinary event, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. Martins, M. A. M. de Aguiar, and Y. Bar
–Yam created a simulation to compare calculated information to the actual evidence found from different
greenish warbler forms. They discovered that, while ring species may be volatile, they can occur for long lengths of time and often match computed
data from their model. Furthermore, they also questioned how each factor influenced the growth and strength of a ring species. They determined that
many elements, particularly the range of species' area, species dependent traits, and geographical features, affect the overall stability and efficiency of
speciation (Martins, de Aguiar, and Bar–Yam, 2013). Multiple components having a significant impact on ring species explains the unstable nature of
these scenarios and their rarity. Nonetheless, studying these less–than–ideal examples proves that speciation can transpire without the adherence to
strict conditions and also might insist that the definition of a ring species be broadened to encompany more similar

Homo Naledi : An Ancestral Investigation Of The Human Species
Homo naledi: An Ancestral Investigation of the Human Species There is no denying the fact that fossil records show an excellent representation of
species of the past. Details of human evolution can also be identified and new discoveries are being found. Homo naledi is the most recent discovery
within the Homo genus. This new discovery could potentially be a very important key in studying the evolution of the human species. H. naledi was first
discovered in 2013 in South Africa. Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker, two cavers, were exploring the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star cave in
Gauteng when the fossils were discovered (Berger 4). The entrance to the cave is rather narrow. This proposes many questions for scientists as to
what this species was, what it did, and how the members of this species found their way into this cave. The remains contained both skeletal and
dental fragments. Archeologists were able to identify over fifteen hundred bones from approximately fifteen different members of this new species
(Berger 4). Since the entrance of the cave was so narrow, retrieving the fossils took cooperation, precision, and technology. Two "underground
astronauts" were lowered into the cave on a cable. They had cameras, which projected an image onto a television screen for the other scientists on the
project could be "in the cave" with them. This technology made it possible for scientists all over the world to follow along with the expedition. 3–D
models of the fossils

Taco Tortoise Research Paper

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Rajee Dent

More from Rajee Dent (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Taco Tortoise Research Paper