The social determinants of health(SDH) are the non-medical factors that influence health out comes.

1. SOCIAL CAUSES OF DISEASES
AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS
OF THE SICK

2. • The social determinants of health (SDH) are the non-medical factors
that influence health outcomes.
• They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live,
and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the
conditions of daily life.
• These forces and systems include economic policies and systems,
development agendas, social norms, social policies and political
systems.

3. • The following list provides examples of the social determinants of
health, which can influence health equity in positive and negative
ways:
1) Income and social protection
2) Education
3) Unemployment and job insecurity
4) Working life conditions
5) Food insecurity
6) Housing, basic amenities and the environment
7) Early childhood development
8) Social inclusion and non-discrimination
9) Poverty
10) Access to affordable health services of decent quality.

4. Income and social protection
• It ensures access to health care and income security for all.
• Social protection systems help poor and vulnerable people cope with
crises and shocks, find jobs, invest in the health and education of
their children, and protect the aging population.

5. Education
• Even making a huge number of efforts, education development is still
low level and there are various educational problems faced in the
progress of education.
1. Lack of funds
2. Expensive higher education
3. Problem of brain drain
4. Problems of primary education

6. Unemployment &
job insecurity

7. Working life conditions
• Quality of working life is defined as the favorable condition and
environments of a workplace that support and promote employee
satisfaction by providing them with rewards, job security and
growth opportunities.

8. Food insecurity
• 'When people do not have adequate physical and economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious foods that meet their dietary needs and
preferences for an active and healthy life’.
• Food insecurity is when people can't access the food they need to live
their fullest lives.

9. Housing, basic amenities and the environment
• House refers to a physical structure where unit of society the family
lives. It provides shelter, security and privacy and act as a focal point
of their day-to-day activities.

10. Early childhood development
❖ Early childhood development supports children’s development from birth to
age five. It includes programmes and services that supports nurturing care
including health, nutrition, play, learning and protection.
❖ By the time a child reaches five years old, 90% of their brain has already
developed – which means the progression from birth to school is the most
important time of their lives.
There are 5 key areas of development:
1. Cognitive development
2. Physical development
3. Socio-culture development
4. Mental development
5. Spiritual development

12. Social inclusion and non-discrimination
▪ Non-discrimination and inclusion is about equality in dignity for all, the
backbone of all human rights. It is about combating structural inequalities
and exclusion and building fair and equal societies.
▪ Non-discrimination is an integral part of the principle of equality. It
ensures that no one is denied their rights because of factors such as race,
colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social
origin, or birth.

13. Access to affordable health services of decent quality