It is a brief PPT on the hydrogen fuel cell and it's benefits.the fuel cell has proven to be the better technology ever seen. It is the field that is yet to be discovered more So there is a high chance of growth in this technology

1. Hydrogen as Fuel
OBJECTIVES:-
WHAT IS HYDROGEN FUEL ?
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT ?
HOW IT CAN BE ABSTRACTED AND BROUGHT TO USE ?

2. What is hydrogen fuel?
Hydrogen fuel refers to hydrogen which is burned as fuel with
oxygen. It is zero-carbon ,provided that it is created in a
process that does not involve carbon .
It can be used in fuel cells or internal combustion engines.

3. Regarding hydrogen
vehicles,hydrogen has
begun to be used in
commercial fuel cell vehicles
such as passengers cars, and
has been used in fuel cell
buses for many years.It is
also used as a fuel for
spacecraft propulsion and is
being proposed for
hydrogen- powered aircraft.
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4. Why is hydrogen fuel so
important and remarkable
?
When we talk about the hydrogen fuel, one
thing that comes often in discussions is Green
hydrogen
Most experts agree that green hydrogen will be
essential to meeting the goals of the paris
agreement, since there are certain portions of
the economy whose emissions are difficult to
eliminate. In the u.s., the top three sources of
climate –warming emissions come fro
transportations, electricity generation and
industry.

5. Energy efficiency, renewable power,
and direct electrification can reduce
emissions from electricity
production and a portion of
transportation; but the last 15
percent or so of the economy,
comprising aviation, shipping, long-
distance trucking and concrete and
steel manufacturing, is difficult to
decarbonise because these sectors
require high energy density fuel or
intense heat. Green hydrogen could
meet these needs.

6. Advantages of hydrogen fuel
Hydrogen is abundant and its supply is vitually limitless. It can be used where it is produced or
transported elsewhere. Unlike batteries that are unable to store large quantities of electricity for
extended periods of time, hydrogen can be produced from excess renewable energy and stored in
large amounts for a long time. Pound for pound, hydrogen contains almost three times as much
energy as fossil fuels, so less of it is needed to do any work. And a particular advantage of green
hydrogen is that it can be produced wherever there is water and electricity to generate more
electricity or heat.
Hydrogen has many uses. Green hydrogen can be used in industry and can be stored in existing
gas pipelines to power household appliances. It can be transport renewable energy when
converted into a carrier such as ammonia, a zero-carbon fuel for shipping, for example.
Hydrogen can also be used with fuel cells to power anything that uses electricity, such as electric
vehicles and electric deices. And unlike batteries, hydrogen fuel cells don’t need to be recharged
and wont run down, as long as they have hydrogen fuel.

7. How is hydrogen fuel
obtained?
Today, hydrogen fuel can be produced through
several methods. The most common methods today
are natural gas reforming
a) Thermal process
b) Electrolysis
c) Other methods including:-
Solar-driven and biological processes.

8. Thermal process
Thermal process for hydrogen production
typically involve steam reforimg , high-
temperature process in which steam reacts
with a hydrogen fuel to produce
hydrogen. Many hydrocarbon fuels can be
reformed to produce hydrogen, renewable
liquid fuels, gasified coal, or gasified
biomass. Today , about 95% of all
hydrogen is produced from steam
reforminhg of natural gas.

9. Electrolysis
method
Water can be separated into oxygen
and hydrogen through a process
called electrolysis. Electrolytic
process take place in an electrolyzer,
which functions much like a fuel cell
in reverse instead of using the
energy of a hydrogen molecule, like
a fuel cell does, an electrolyzer
creates hydrogen from water
molecules.

10. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
Solar driven
processes
Solar-driven processes use light as the agent for
hydrogen production. There are few solar- driven
processes,including photologocal,
photoelctrochemical, photobiological process use
natural photosynthetic activity of bacteria and green
algae to produce hydrogen. Photoelectrochemical
process uses specialized semiconductors to separate
water into hydrogen and oxygen. Solar
thermochemical hydrogen production uses
concenterated solar power to drive water splitting
reactions often along with other species such as
metal oxides.

11. Biological
processes
Biological processes use
microbes such as bacteria and
microalgae and can produce
hydrogen through biological
reactions. In microbial biomass
conversion, the microbes break
down organic matter like
biomass or waste water to
produce hydrogen, while in
photobiological processes the
microbes use sunlight as
energy source.

12. Current
challenges
However, there are certain challenges hindering the progress of the hydrogen economy:
•Process – At present, most of the hydrogen is produced by burning fossil fuels, which
increases carbon emissions, defeating its core purpose. Unless there are technological
developments to capture and utilize the carbon emissions, it will be difficult to achieve clean
energy.
•Cost – Production of green and blue hydrogen requires huge initial investments.
Furthermore, due to production not happening on a largescale, companies do not have the
advantage of economies of scale. However, by investing in right technologies, this cost can be
reduced significantly.
•Policies – Government support is imperative for the successful adoption of hydrogen
economy. However, stringent regulations in some countries pose a challenge to the successful
adoption of this economy and deter investments.
•International cooperation – The hydrogen economy can be leveraged only if there is
international cooperation to facilitate its growth.

13. Conclusions to
hydrogen economy
Hydrogen fuel can act as a bridging technology that will help deliver the world from a petrol-based energy to a hydrogen-based energy.
However, it is going to take tens of billions of dollars and many years to implement a hydrogen infrastructure. The bi-fuel ability of the internal
combustion engine allows the driver to easily switch to gasoline if no refueling stations are present. Also, BMW believes that their customers
are people who still want a car that performs and sounds like a powerful vehicle. BMW builds cars for people who enjoy driving cars and the
company kept that in mind while developing the Hydrogen 7.
However, It is obvious, based mainly on efficiency, that Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the long term future. "The efficiency of a hydrogen
ICE is circa 25% and that of a HFCV is 60%; this is three times better than today's petrol fueled engines (18-20% for a petrol ICE)." [1] While
currently price is one of the main inhibitors to fuel cells, as more and more are produced, the costs will begin to go down. From 2002-2012,
fuel cells overall price was reduced from $275/kW to $47/kW. Also, emissions wise, there is nothing that can compete with a fuel cell since
the only emission is water.
As governments continue to fund and back projects to further develop hydrogen infrastructure and storage, society will see the world, slowly,
change from a petrol based society to a hydrogen based world. As more hydrogen refilling stations are installed and a better, more efficient
method of storage is developed, hydrogen will slowly take over petroleum's throne.

14. Future perspectives
Hydrogen is projected to play a key role in the future of energy
and its development will happen faster than many might expect.
Increasingly, business leaders understand they need to get a grip
on hydrogen to understand where the opportunities will be.
However, with so much hype around hydrogen it is difficult to
keep an eye on the key trends and developments. Where will the
transition to hydrogen unfold first, which supply technologies and
distribution alternatives have most potential and which
geopolitical regions are best positioned? This point of view
addresses those questions and offers recommendations to policy
makers and companies on how to position themselves optimally
for the accelerated transition to come.

15. References to hydrogen fuel
[1] "Hydrogen Posture Plan," U.S. Department of Energy, December 2006.
[2] J. O'M. Bockris, "The Hydrogen Economy," in Environmental Chemistry, ed. by J. O'M. Bockris (Plenum
Press, 1977), p. 549.
[3] S. P. S. Badwal, S. Giddey, and C. Munnings, "Hydrogen Production Via Solid Electrolytic Routes," WIREs
Energy Environ. 2, 473 (2013).
[4] "Configuration and Technology Implications of Potential Nuclear Hydrogen System Applications," Argonne
National Laboratory, ANL-05/30, July 2005, p. 16.
[5] U. Eberle, B. Müller, and R von Helmolt, "Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Infrastructure: Status
2012," Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 8780 (2012).
[6] V. P. Utgikar and T. Thiesen, "Safety of Compressed Hydrogen Fuel Tanks: Leakage From Stationary
Vehicles," Technol. Soc. 27, 315 (2005).
[7] J. M. Eiler et al., "Assessing the Future Hydrogen Economy," Science 302, 228 (2003).
[8] "Hydrogen Production Cost Estimate Using Biomass Gasification," U.S. National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, NREL/BK-6A10-51726, October 2011.
[9] "Hydrogen Posture Plan," U.S. Department of Energy, December 2006.