2. OBJECTIVES
• BYTHE END OFTHIS PRESENTATION, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO;
• DEFINE SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
• FACTORS AFFECTING PERCEPTION AND SENSATION
• HIW IS SENSATION NUMBNESS DIAGNOSIS
• HOWTO MANAGE ORTREATTHE SENSATION
5. THE PROCESS OF SENSATION
• SENSE ORGAN ABSORBS SENSORY STIMULI, CONVERTSTHEM INTO
NEURAL IMPULSESTHENTRANSPORTEDTHE NEURAL
INFORMATIONTO OUR BRAIN
• IN BRAIN ELECTRICAL STIMULATION CONVERTS PHYSICAL ENERGY
SUCH AS LIGHT OR SOUND WAVES INTO ATYPE OF ENERGYTHATTHE
BRAIN CAN INTERPRET
6. SENSATIONALISM
• THIS ISTHE KIND OF EMPRICISM IN WHICH SENSATION OR SENSE
PERCEPTION ARETHE ONLY SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
7. TYPES OF SENSATION
• THERE ARETHREETYPES OF SENSATION.THESE INCLUDE;
• ORGANIC SENSATION
• SPECIAL SENSATION
• MOTOR SENSATION
8. ORGANIC SENSATION
• THIS SENSATION ISTRIGGERED BYTHE ACTIVITY OFTHE BODY’S
INTERIOR ORGAN.
• THEY ARE CAUSED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL CIRCUMSTANCES IN SEVERAL
VISCERAL ORGANS SUCH AS STOMACH, INTESTINES, KIDNEY, AND
INTERNAL SEX PROCESS
• NONVISCERAL STRUCTURE INCLUDETHETHROAT, LUNGS AND
HEART
10. SPECIAL SENSATION
• THIS ISTYPE OF SENSATION THAT INCLUDES SPECIALIZED ORGANS
SUCH AS EYES, EARS, NOSE,TONGUE AND SKIN
• THEY MAY BE EASILY DISTINGUISHED FROM ONE ANOTHER
LOCALIZED AND RELATEDTO SPECIFIC SPACE POINTS ONTHE BODY
OR OUT OFTHE BODY OR OUT OFTHE ENVIRONMENT
• THEY PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUTTHE SENSORY PROPERTIES OF
EXTERNALTHINGS
11. EXAMPLES OF SPECIAL SENSATION
• WHEN A PERSON CONSUMES FOOD,THE CHEMICAL COMPONENETS
INTHE MEAL ENTERTHE MOUTH
• THEY ARE DISSOLVED BYTHE SALIVARY ENZYMES,
STIMMULATINGTHE TASTE BUDS AND SENDING NERVE SIGNALSTO
THE BRAIN
12. KINAESTHETIC OR MOTOR SENSATION
• IT REFERSTOTHE MUSCLES, TENDONS AND JOINTS ORTHE ARTICULAR
SENSE, DISTINGUISHED FROM ONE ANOTHER
• STRAIN INTHE MUSCLE,TENDONS ANTHE JOINTS CAUSE MOTOR
SENSATION REEPORTED TOTHE BRAIN BY AFFERENT NERVE
• MOTOR SENSATION HAS HIGH COGNITIVE AND AFFERENTVALUE
• AN EXAMPLE ISTHE EYE MUSCLE SENSATION WHICH ARE PARTICULARLY
BENEFICIAL FOR ESTIMATING THE DISTANCE, SIZE AND SHAPE OFTHE
THINGSVIEWED
14. EXAMPLES OF PERCEPTION
• RECOGNISING VOICE OR SONG
• RECOGNISING PICTURE OF OUR SURROUNDING
• RECOGNISING SOMETHING HARMFUL/ PAINFUL WHEN IT GET CONTACT TO
THE SKIN
• DEVELOPING THE SURVIVAL FUNCTION OF SWEETTASTE MEANS ENERGY
SOURCE, SALTY TASTE INDICATES ESSENTIAL MINERALS, SOURTASTE
MEANS POTENTIAL HARMFUL FOOD, BITTER FOOD MEANS POTENTIALLY
POISONS AND SAVORY CAN SIGNIFY PROTEIN TO REPAIR TISSUES
15. STAGES OF PERCEPTION
• THERE ARETHREE STAGES OF PERCEPTION NAMELY;
• SELECTION
• ORGANIZATON
• INTERPRETATION
16. SELECTION
• THIS ISTHE FIRST STAGE OF PERCEPTIONWHICH STATE THAT OUR
BRAIN HAS LIMITED CAPACITY,THEREFORE WE CAN NOT ATTENDTO
ALL STIMULI
• WE UNCONSCIOUSLY OR CONSCIOUSLY SELECT SOME STIMULI AND
IGNORE OTHERS
17. ORGANIZATION
• THIS PROCESS OCCURS UNCONSCIOUSLY
• STIMULI ARWE ARRANGED MENTALLY IN A MEANING PATTERN
• GESTALT PRINCIPLE STATES ARRANGINGTHE PARTS INTO AN
ORGANIZED SYSTEM IT CREATE A WHOLE
• THIS HELPSTO UNDERSTAND HOW HUMANS NATURALLY ORGANISE
STIMULITO MAKE A MEANINGFUL PATTERN AND INTERPRETEDTHE
STIMULI
18. INTERPRETATION
• THIS ISTHE STAGE IN WHICH MEANING IS ASSIGNEDTOTHE
ORGANIZED STIMULI
• INTERPRETATION OF STIMULI IS BASED ON ONE’S EXPECTATIONS,
NEEDS AND BELIEFS
19. DOFFERENCE BETWEEN SENSATION AND
PERCEPTION
• Sensation is a process that involves the detection of stimuli by receptors or
cells. On the other hand perception is making sense of sensation
• Sensation is the output of our senses as a signal produced to the brain, and it is
a physical process. Perception differs from sensation in that it is a psychological
process that involves signal interpretation and the creation of neural response.
• Sensation is a critical component of perception that makes us aware of the
various sensory aspects of the things around us. On the other hand perception
allows us to appreciate these sensory qualities and see how it relates to us and
the environment.
20. FACTORS AFFECTING SENSATION AND
PERCEPTION
• ABSOLUTETHRESHOLD
• This is the least amount of energy stimuli that can perceived or detected at least 50 percent of the
time. We can often detect stimuli below the absolute threshold if we are paying attention
• Different threshold
• This is level of change needed in the stimuli intensity to sense that the level has change. Sometimes
this is also called JUST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE
• ADAPTION
• Adaption result from continuous exposure to a specific stimulus resulting in a lessened or lowered
perception of that stimulus. For instance you can notice at first, loud music can startle you but you
become more adapted to the stimuli after time.The loud music become less startling and enjoyable.
21. SENSATION NUMBNESS DIAGNOSIS
• Numbness is a lost of feeling or sensation in an area of the body. It is
usually a sign of a problem with nerves in the body.
22. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF NUMBNESS
• Unable to feel the pain from high heat.
• Being unaware of what is happening to parts of the body.
• Falling if unable to feel the position of one’s feet.
23. CAUSES OF SENSATION NUMBNESS
• Collapsed backbone due to osteoporosis.
• Compressed spinal cord.
• Pinched nerve due to bone spurs, arthritis.
24. MEDICAL CONDITIONTHAT CAUSES
NUMBNESS
• Diabetes
• Infection such as HIV
• Kidney diseases
• Stroke
• Tumor
• Spread of cancer to the spine
• Animal and insects bites
• Exposure to poisons / toxins
25. HOW IS NUMBNESS DIAGNOSED
• Blood test: A doctor takes a sample of blood to look for signs of
condition such as diabetes, kidney disorders and vitamins deficiency.
• Imagine test: test such as x-rays, CT scans and MRLs allows doctors to
look for issues affecting the nerves and spinal cord such as tumor, signs
of stroke, brain disorder.
26. MANAGEMENT ORTREATMENT OF
SENSATION NUMBNESS
• Nerve pain medication
• Regulating blood sugar in people with diabetes
• Physical therapy exercises to strength the spine or help easy movement
• Surgery to remove a tumor or repair a problem in the spine
27. REFERENCES
• Feld man R.S (2019). Essentials of understanding psychology, McGraw-Hill
Education.
• Myers, D.G (2014). Myers’ psychology for AP.Worth publishers.
• Weseley, A., & McEntarffer, R. (2012). Barron’s AP psychology’ (5th ed.).
Barron’s.
• Barron, R.A (2001). Psychology. 5Th Edition. Pearson Education, New
Delhi, India
