This presentation includes all all Data related to scabies and pediculosis and will helpful who want to study about scabies and pediculosis and their respective types. One thing was kept in mind while making this presentation that all area regarding topic should cover
4. DefinitionDefinition
• Scabies is an itchy skin condition
caused by a tiny burrowing mite
called sarcoptes scabiei.
• Scabies is contagious and can
spread quickly through close
physical contact in a family, child
care group, School, Class or
Nursing home
5. AetiologyAetiology
• It is Caused by minute Sarcoptes
(Acarus) scabiei
• Fertilized females burrow into the skin
laying eggs
6.
7. Physical FeaturesPhysical Features
• Scabies are a certain type of mite. Mites are
related to the arachnid family the same as ticks
and spiders.
• Scabies are creamy white with brown legs and
mouthparts. “Sarcoptes scabiei type hominis”
• The adult female is about 0.4 mm long and 0.3 mm
wide. The adult male is smaller in both
dimensions by one third. Also need a microscope
to actually see the mite itself. “Sarcoptes scabiei
type hominis”
8. Physical FeaturesPhysical Features
• They have no armor, no trachea, and no eyes.
• Scabies mites have no respiratory system. They
breathe through the skin. (Drisdelle).
• They can be very mobile when not inside a host.
• They have 8 legs with the two in the front as
walking legs.
• Scabies have “suckers” that allow them to attach
to surfaces to walk upwards.
9.
10. ReproductionReproduction
• The female mite finds a host and burrows down
into his or her skin.
• As the female is burrowing through the host’s
skin she leaves a trail of eggs. She can leave two
to three eggs a day for up to two months.
• The eggs will then hatch about four days after
they are laid. The new larvae grow and shed their
outer coat about two times and then become
adults.
11.
12.
13.
14. Clinical ManifestationClinical Manifestation
• A delay hypersensitivity reaction (an
intense itching papular eruption) is
characteristic; beginning 30 to 40 days
after the infestation is acquired.
• Pruritus is most intense when the patient
is in bed.
• Burrows, vesicles and pustules,
especially on finger webs and in wrist
creases, legs, arms and axillary folds
• Red papules or nodules on the scrotum
and on the penile glans and shaft are
pathognomonic.
19. DiagnoseDiagnose
• Diagnosis requires demonstration of a burrow.
• Diagnosis should be confirmed by microscopy of
scraping from its surface.
• The scraping should be placed on a slide with
glycerol, mineral oil, or immersion oil and covered
with a cover slip or warming a scraping burrow
with a few drop of 10% of KOH solution and then
looking microscopically for the acrus or the eggs.
• Best results are obtained when multiple lesions
are scraped, choosing the best unexcoriated
lesions from interdigital webs, wrists, elbows, or
feet.
• A No.15 blade is used to scrapped each lesions
until it is flat.
• Finding the mite ova, or fecal pellets clinches the
diagnosis.
20. Differential DiagnoseDifferential Diagnose
• Scabies must be distinguished
from the various forms of
pediculosis, from bedbug and
fleabites and from other cause
of pruritus.
• Generalized pruritus, papular
urticarial, atopic dermatitis,
impetigo, infected malaria and
ide eruptions
22. Topical TreatmentTopical Treatment
• Treat the patients and all other inmates of the
house whether itching or not.
• Treatment with topical medications (scabicide) is
usually effective and the medication must be
applied thoroughly to all skin from the neck down
(entire body in infants), particularly the finger
webs, genitilia, perianal areas and the toe webs.
Medication should remain on the skin for the 12
hours, preferably 24 hours, and washed off.
• The topical medication of choice is permathrin
cream 5% because it is safe for all age groups.
• Linane cream or lotion is also used.
• All skin to skin contacts (e.g. social contacts, all
family members) should be treated at the same
time.
23. ContinueContinue
• Launder clothes. No special disinfection requied.
• Treat scabies first, complications later.
• 25% benzyl benzoate emulsion (12.5% for children
below seven)
• 1% gamma benzene hexachloride cream
• 10% sulpher ointment (2.5% for infants) causes
sensitization and messy issue
• 25% monosulfiram cream
• 10% crotamiton cream
• 0.5% malathiom lation.
• Concomitant bacterial infections may require
systematic antibiotics but often clear
spontaneously when scabies is cured.
25. PediculosisPediculosis
• Pediculosis is a parasitic
infestation of the skin of the
scalp, trunk, or pubic areas.
• Body lice usually occur among
people who live in over
crowded dwellings with
inadequate hygiene ficilities.
26. TypesTypes
1. Pediculus humanus : Two varieties
a. Pediculus humanus capitis
b.Pediculus humanus corporis
2. Phthirus pubis : The gravid louse lays a
few egg daily, these eggs are called nits.
They are small-oval greyish white & 0.5 mm
in length.
27. Pediculosis capitisPediculosis capitis
• It is the infestation of the scalp by
pediculosa humanus capitis.
• It localizes in the scalp , favouring
the occiput & temporal area.
• They are laid close to the scalp
surface, at the bottom of the hair.
28.
29. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
• Itching
• Scratching causes trauma with
result into oozing.
• Secondary infection usually
resulting in pustulation &
absscess formation.
30. PediculosisPediculosis
corporis(Vagabond’s disease)corporis(Vagabond’s disease)
• It is the infestation of the body by
pediculosa humanus corporis.
• The body louse inhibbits from the
clothings.
• Lice bites the skin to suck blood
• Release of mild toxin
• Produces pruritic spot & strong itching
• Results in excoriations ( Hall mark of the
disease)
33. Pediculosis Pubis (PubicPediculosis Pubis (Pubic
Louse)Louse)
• This is the infestation of the
pubic & perianal hairs by
phthirus pubis.
• It is usually transmitted by
sexual contact.
• The adult female lays eggs &
nits remain firmly adhered to
the pubic hair.
34.
35. Clinical FeaturesClinical Features
• The patients complains of
itching which results in
scratching.
• The hairs may be matted in the
thick crusts of dried pus,
serum & blood.
• The patients may also notice
tiny blood spot on the
underwear.
36. DiagnosisDiagnosis
• The diagnosis is usually suspected
on clinical examination & finding
the nits or the adult louse on the
hair of the fibers in the seams of
the clothing, if necessary the hair of
the fibers may be observed under
the low power microscope.
37. TreatmentsTreatments
1. Pediculosis capitis
a. 1%Gamma benzenehexa choloride
b. 25% Benzyl benzoate
c. 0.5 % malathion
Mode of applications.
• Three applications on the consecutive
days followed by tying a cloth on the
scalp.
• Shampoo after 7 days.
38. ContinueContinue
2. Pediculosis corporis:
•Patients needs a scrub bath.
•Insecticidal dusting powder should be
applied to the garments lying close to the
skin.
•Laundering & ironing of the clothes.
•Local antipruritics e.g calamine lotion.
•Topical antibiotics for secondary infection.
39. ContinueContinue
3. Pediculosis Pubis:
1% Gamma benzene hexachloride
b. 25% Benzyl benzoate
c. 0.5% malathion
Since application is usually sufficient, if
necessary repeat after 3 days.
40. Other treatment modalitiesOther treatment modalities
• Maintain good hygiene
• Secondary bacterial infection
treated with broad spectrum
antibiotics
• Itching controlled by
antihistaminics
