Samenvatting Auditing Theory

Samenvatting Auditing Theory
Auditing Theory College 1: Het waarom van de accountantscontrole Agency theorie: De agency
theorie legt de relatie tussen de 3 perspectieven uit. De drie partijen zijn, namelijk de principaal
(investeerder), agent (management)en monitor (accountant). De agency costs nemen relatief meer
toe dan dat het aandelen bezit van de manager afneemt. Daarnaast kunnen de agency costs die groei
begrenzen door dat eventuele investering niet gedaan kunnen worden. Je kan er van uit gaan dat de
agency costs een negatieve economische waarde hebben. 3 postulaten van Agency theorie: *
Onzekerheid heeft een prijs * Informatie reduceert onzekerheid * Controle voegt waarde toe aan
informatie 3 Agency kosten * Monitoring costs: de kosten van de ... Show more content on
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* Objectiviteit (Het niet toelaten dat het professioneel of zakelijk oordeel van de accountant wordt
aangetast door een vooroordeel, belangentegenstelling of ongepaste beïnvloeding door een derde.). *
Deskundigheid en zorgvuldigheid (Deskundig: Het op het vereiste niveau verlenen van
professionele diensten in overeenstemming met actuele ontwikkelingen in de praktijk, relevante
wetgeving en vaktechniek. Zorgvuldigheid: Het nauwgezet verlenen van professionele diensten, die
in overeenstemming zijn met de van toepassing zijnde vaktechnische en overige
beroepsvoorschriften.). * Geheimhouding (Het eerbiedigen van het vertrouwelijke karakter van de
informatie die de accountant in het kader van zijn beroepsmatig en zakelijk handelen heeft
verkregen. Voorts het niet bekend maken van deze informatie tenzij.. , alsmede het niet gebruiken
van deze informatie om zichzelf of een derde te bevoordelen.). * Professioneel gedrag (Het zich
houden aan de voor de accountant relevante wet– en regelgeving en het zich onthouden van
handelen dat het accountantsberoep in diskrediet brengt.). Principle based (conceptueel raamwerk):
Met principle based (conceptueel raamwerk) wordt bedoeld dat in deze verordening leidraden
worden verstrekt ten aanzien van: – De identificatie van
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Frederick's Business Analysis
The second Ps of marketing are "Place," the company wants to sell the product directly to
consumers. Frederick's uses multichannel such as catalogues, retail stores, and the Internet. To
expand its sales and opportunities, Fredrick's uses a "360 degree" method that helps customers to
buy what they want from anywhere and anytime. The company uses direct channel of distribution so
the company can get feedback directly from customers about their products. Direct distribution lets
Frederick's deliver the product to customers without using a third–party like retailers. Under the
direct distribution, during seasonality, Tierney (2012) states, "mail 36–page persona books while
Valentine's Day and other core holiday books run 76 to 92 pages." The ... Show more content on
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However, if any of this "anchor" tenants would disappear, Frederick's sales and consumer traffic can
decrease. The problem for Fredericks is, as Afildi (2010) stated, "FOH (Frederick's of Hollywood)
has always focused on owning and operating its own stores".
Likewise, after the company chose to sell their products directly to consumers, Frederick's needs to
decide whether to make their products intensive, selective, or exclusive. Frederick's of Hollywood
brand is an exclusive distribution because customers can only find the product on the Internet,
catalogues, retail stores, and Amazon.com. Amazon.com is an online retailer that sells almost
everything that customers need. Frederick's sell most of the popular brands on Amazon. The most
popular brands are Exxtreme, and Babydoll. Since Amazon (most popular website) using pop–ups
and set a link that connects directly to Frederick's brands. By delivering its products through
Amazon, the company can spread its name brand to customers that never buy the brand.
Frederick's of Hollywood uses a method called "SmartLabel" for return of merchandise. SmartLabel
ease customers a little when it comes to return of merchandise that were either bought online or
through Frederick's catalog. SmartLabel is convenient for customers because it lets customers print
out the prepaid and pre–addressed barcoded SmartLabel from their order summary and attach it to
the front of the box and drop it off from any of the U.S

The Importance of Financial Reporting
Introduction
Financial reporting being my last module in this course has been quiet rewarding and beneficial as it
provides comprehensive guidance for the acquisition of requisite knowledge and skill to appraise
my current role as an accountant. The theories, concepts and ideas introduces new areas otherwise
would not have been exposed to, for example, potential uses and limitations of Extensible Business
Reporting Language (XBRL). It laid solid foundation for the application of financial accounting,
financial reporting and corporate governance in the course of my career as well provides a platform
to enhance my understanding and competence in areas of financial reporting.
This integration paper therefore reflects on the entire module and synthesizes the class activities and
learning for the whole 8 weeks as well as link the learning outcome of this module with previous
one.
Importance of financial reporting in strategic decision making
No doubt financial reporting is central to an organization strategic decision making process; it is
practically impossible for organization to survive without reliable and relevant financial information
for critical strategic planning and decision. In fact most organization failed because of their failure
to be guarded by financial metrics which assist organization monitor and implement specific and
measurable financial goals. For instance, Economic Value added analysis helps organization make
effective and timely decision on the

Krispy Kreme Research Paper
CLA
Krispy Kreme
Road to Success
Tara Dugan
Leadership
Mr. Groff
1/11/17
Vernon Carver Rudolph was born in Marshall County, Kentucky. He was the oldest of four children
born from his parents Plumie and Rethie Rudolph. His siblings included Lewis
Rudolph, who would help found Krispy Kreme.
When he graduated high school, he went to Paducah, Kentucky with his uncle. In 1933,
Rudolph's uncle bought a doughnut shop and recipe for yeast–raised donuts from a federal employee
named Joe LeBeau. This all occurred during the middle of the Great Depression, so they moved to
Nashville, Tennessee to see if they could get better business there and secure their financial future.
Things did not work out for them in Nashville, so they moved back to Kentucky ... Show more
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On April 5, 2000, they went public on the NASDAQ at $21 using the ticker symbol
KREM. In February 2004, the company had sales of $665.6 million and profits of $94.7 million
from almost 400 stores.
On February 19, 2007, Krispy Kreme started selling the Whole Wheat Glazed doughnut to appeal to
the health conscious. The doughnut has 20 Calories in the US fewer than the original glazed and
contains more fiber (2 grams vs. 0.5 grams). In January 2008, the trans fat content of all Krispy
Kreme doughnuts was reduced to 0.5 of a gram or less. The U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, allows companies to round down to 0 g in its nutrition facts label even if the food
contains as much as 0.5 of a gram per serving. Krispy Kreme benefited from this regulatory rule in
its advertising campaign, touting its doughnuts as trans fat free and having 0 grams trans fat. The
first Krispy Kreme store to open outside North America was in Penrith, Australia, in
Sydney. Since it was successful they opened 53 other stores around the country. There are also
locations in the United Kingdom, Australia, Lebanon, Turkey, India, Dominican Republic,
Iceland, Kuwait, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia,

Financial Analysis Of Microsoft Corporation
Financial Analysis of Microsoft Corporation The student learner was to pick a publicly traded
company and perform a financial analysis based on the company's financial statements. The student
learner chose Microsoft Corporation. The student learner will obtain, analyze, and determine
Microsoft's financial well–being. Microsoft has better return on assets, but they can improve in other
areas. Microsoft can increase profit margin, asset management and based on Microsoft 's assets, and
capital they can focus on making themselves more profitable. William H. Gates III is also known as
Bill Gates, left Harvard to devote his energies to Microsoft, a company he had begun in 1975 with
his childhood friend Paul Allen (Microsoft Corporation, 2017). ... Show more content on
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Intelligent Cloud
This Company's Intelligent Cloud segment consists of, "Server products and cloud services,
including SQL Server, Windows Server, Visual Studio, System Center, and related CALs, as well as
Azure, and Enterprise Services, including Premier Support Services and Microsoft Consulting
Services", as described at Reutuer.com (Reutuer, 2017). This includes the server platform, database,
business intelligence, storage, management and operations, virtualization, service–oriented
architecture platform, security, and identity software (Reutuer, 2017).
Microsoft competes with heavily Hewlett–Packard, IBM, Oracle, Red Hat, CA Technologies, Linux,
Adobe, and Ruby on Rails, Amazon, Google and Salesforce.com (Reutuer, 2017).
More Personal Computing
Microsoft's More Personal Computing segment primarily comprises Windows, including Windows
OEM, Windows Embedded, MSN and Windows Phone; Devices, including Microsoft Surface
(Surface), phones, and computer accessories; Gaming, including Xbox hardware; Xbox Live,
consists of different transactions such as game downloads and in–game purchases, subscriptions to
Window's Live services; video games; and third–party video game royalties, and Search advertising
(Reutuer, 2017).
Microsoft competes with some of Amazon, Apple, Google products ,but mostly with Sony,
Nintendo, in this segment (Reutuer, 2017).

Riordan Manufacturing Revenue Cycle Essay example
Riordan Manufacturing Revenue Cycle
Accounting information systems provide the tools to operate and maintain important data related to
an organization and interpret the information to develop quality financial reports. The revenue cycle
of Riordan Manufacturing reflects sales and the components associated with sales such as inventory,
freight, cost of goods sold and accounts receivable, yet this information is not readily available to
each facility. Because the forecast for the company is positive and production and wages are
expected to increase having source documents available within each branch of the company would
improve the efficiency of the organization. Developing a plan to integrate an accounting information
system for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company also tracks non–traditional information such as quality assurance costs, research, and
development. At this time, Riordan Manufacturing has three operating entities in Georgia, Michigan
and California. Riordan also has a joint venture in China. Each operating entity keeps independent
financials including a general ledger, accounts payable and receivable, order entry, procurement,
sales and purchasing history, invoicing and shipping, payroll, and financial reporting. The advantage
of having each unit run as its own business is that each unit knows its customers and its relationship
with its customers. They are able to establish personal contact with both customers and vendors,
report on payments and receivables from these customers, and follow the accounting through to the
general ledger. Payroll is handled locally which increases the understanding of shifts, over time, and
labor hour accounting. Advantages of local order entry is the fact that the individual unit knows the
product or products that it produces and is able to help the customer with the knowledge of the
manufacturing process and how it affects the accounting process. Keeping the invoicing and
shipping localized is advantageous in that it keeps it cohesive and easy to find errors. The financials
will come together from individual manufacturing divisions to form a reliable source of accurate
financial reporting; therefore, the

Auditing Database Systems, Systems Development & Program...
Introduction
The second assignment is based on Auditing database systems, Systems Development & Program
change activities and Transaction processing & financial reporting systems. This paper will answer
the problems specified in this second assignment, it will provide solutions to problems 5, 12, and 23
on pages 168, 220 and 288 respectively.
The first problem deals with First State Bank and suggested configurations for the banks databases
and data communications facilities. The second problem deals with the activates that promote
effective control and finally the last problem which deals with XBRL and the enhancements and
discussion of data integrity, internal control and reporting concerns in relation to XBRL.
Question 1
Response:
This configuration will entail a hybrid of centralized and decentralized processing. Because
customers should be able to bank at any of the 11 branches, cash withdrawal transactions from each
branch should be centrally processed and the customer databases updated. Deposits of cash and
checks and payment of customers' bills can be stored on remote computers, with the data being sent
to the mainframe periodically. Banks tend to be more concerned with the promptness in recording
cash withdrawals than cash receipts. Thus, the data representing the payment of customers' bills may
be sent to the mainframe computer four to six times a day for updating, while deposits of cash may
be transmitted only twice a day. The payroll accounts can be stored and

Fasb Accounting Standards Codification
FASB Accounting Standards Codification:
410 Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to summarize research on codification topic 410 based on the
information found in different academic databases. The first part of the paper will focus on the
FASB Codification database. The second part of the paper will compare and contrast three other
databases on the same codification 410 within the RIA Checkpoint databases: AICPA: Auditing and
Accounting Guides, SOX Reporter, and GAAP Practice Manual. A summary of benefits and issues
with the searches of each database will also be discussed.
Codification 410 is divided into two subtopics, 410–20 and 410–30. Code 410 ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When I clicked on the pre–codification standards to find what FASB Pronouncements were listed
for my topic, 410, I found the entire is of FASB Pronouncements. I couldn't search for the applicable
standard through a look–up; I had to scroll through the list to find a standard that pertained to my
search. What I found was:
Statement No. 157 (Superseded) Fair Value Measurements (Issue Date 09/06)
[As Amended] [As Issued] [Summary] [Status](FASB, Other Sources, Pre Codifications Standards)
Table 1
FASB Accounting Standards Codification
Table of Contents
Collapse | Expand 410 Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations 10 Overall 00 Status
General 05 Overview and Background General 20 Glossary 20 Asset Retirement Obligations 00
Status General 05 Overview and Background General 15 Scope and Scope Exceptions General >
Entities > Transactions 20 Glossary 25 Recognition General > Background for Recognition > Fair
Value Is Reasonably Estimated > Obligations with Uncertainty in Timing or

A Case Study: Reconciliation Of SMC Global Securities
Table of Conten
Serial No. Particulars Page No.
1. Overview of the industry 2. About the Company 2.1 SMC: Vision 2.2 SMC–Mission 2.3 Structure
of the company 2.4 Strengths of SMC 2.5 Awards &Recognitions by the company 2.6 Growth of the
Company–
3. Objective of the study
4. Research Methodology 4.1– Study Area 4.2– Research Design 4.3– Data Collection 4.4–Data
Analysis 5. Introduction 5.1 Understanding Generally Accepted Accounting Principle 5.2 US GAAP
OVERVIEW– 5.3 Need for International GAAP
6. Interpretation and Analysis
7. Reconciliation of SMC Global Securities
1. Overview of the industry–
Introduction of a wide range of economic reforms that revolved around the central theme of
liberalization of financial markets revived the exuberance in the stock markets during the nineties.
Due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Brokerage firms serve a demographic of speculators who exchange open stocks and different
securities, through the firm's agent stockbrokers. A conventional, or "full service," brokerage firm
generally attempts more than simply carrying out a stock or bond trade.The staff of this kind of
brokerage firm is endowed with the obligation of examining the business sectors to give suitable
proposals and in doing as such they coordinate the activities of pension fund managers and portfolio
managers alike. These firms also offer margin credits for certain approved customers to buy
investments on credit, subject to concurred terms and conditions. Conventional brokerage firms
have also turn into a wellspring of up–to–date stock price and

Book Review: When Genius Failed ; the Rise and Fall of...
Book Reviews of:
When Genius Failed; the rise and fall of Long–term Capital Management by Roger Lowenstein
&
Monkey Business; swinging through the Wall Street jungle By John Rolfe and Peter Troob
When Genius Failed: The Rise and fall of Long–Term Capital Management by Roger Lowenstein
The book tells the story of long–term capital management. It is the detailed history of how a group
of elite investors who called themselves the 'LTCM' (Long term capital management) contributed to
the rise and fall of a hedge fund that brought the financial world to its knees when it lost $4 billion
trading exotic derivatives. This short biography is in a nutshell about risk management, this is a
gripping book of our era that tells the financial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The failure of the LTCM'S is a true indicator of this. At first, the models performed beautifully and
the fund was up over 30% each year for several years. Between 1994 and 1998 the fund showed a
promising return on investment of more than 40% per annum. However there was a down side as
well, its huge gamble with various forms of arbitrage which involved more than $1 trillion dollars
went bad and in the following month, LTCM lost a an alarming $1.9 million. This was not only an
American financial disaster but the collapse also had a significant effect on international monetary
issues, putting the whole financial system at risk. The Federal Reserve bank of New York prompted
by prompted concerns about Long term capital management's numerous of derivative contracts,
stepped in to organise a bail out with the major banks at risk. This was crucial in order to avoid
panic by banks and investors worldwide. Lowenstein explain in his book how LTCM became
arrogant due to its success and enventually leveraged $4 billion into $100 billion in assets. The $100
billion became collateral for $1.2 trillion in derivatives exposure. With this kind of financial
leverage even the smallest market move against you could wipe you out several time over, this is
like a financial weapon of mass destruction. However this risk did not crumble Long term capital
management,
Long–term capital management committed all its mistakes in the typical risk

The Aicpa Code Of Professional Conduct
The introduction to the old AICPA Code of Professional Conduct of the American Institute of
Certified Public Accountants provides guidance and rules for all members as it explains the
composition of the code, application of standards and compliance enforcement procedures. The code
consists of two sections principles and rules. The Principles provide a general framework for the
Rules which CPAs have to adhere to the rules of the AICPA Code when practicing. The AICPA Code
of Conduct consists of three levels: Principles of professional of conduct, Rules and interpretations
and rulings. If a member violates the Code rules, disciplinary actions would be taken. The Principles
of Professional Conduct (Sec 50) explains the responsibilities, public interest, integrity, objectivity
and independence, due care and scope and nature of services for professional accountants. The rules
of the AICPA Code are (Sec 90) Applicability and Definitions, (Sec 100) Independence, Integrity
and Objectivity, (Sec 200) General Standards and accounting principles, (Sec 300) Responsibilities
to clients, (sec 400) Responsibilities to colleagues and (sec 500) Other responsibilities. Section 50 –
Principles of Professional Conduct consists of 6 articles: Responsibilities, The Public Interest,
Integrity, Objectivity and Independence, Due Care and Scope and Nature of Service. The ACIPA
sets higher ethical principles and rules that CPAs who voluntary become a member in it, are
obligated to abide and adhere. The

au2 exam
CGA–CANADA
ADVANCED EXTERNAL AUDITING [AU2] EXAMINATION
December 2012
Marks
30
Time: 4 Hours
Question 1
Select the best answer for each of the following unrelated items. Answer each of these items in your
examination booklet by giving the number of your choice. For example, if the best answer for item
(a) is (1), write (a)(1) in your examination booklet. If more than one answer is given for an item, that
item will not be marked. Incorrect answers will be marked as zero. Marks will not be awarded for
explanations.
Note:
11/2 marks each
a.
Which of the following statements regarding client business risk is correct?
1) The financial statement audit planning process is designed to address client business risk, not ...
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1)
2)
3)
4)
i.
Level of communication between internal auditors and the external auditor
Technical proficiency in operating systems and security software in use at the client organization
Objectivity, that is, whether the internal audit function reports to the audit committee
Use of due professional care, that is, whether the internal audit group has effective quality control
and review processes
Which of the following is a disadvantage of XBRL?

1) It increases the speed of access to financial information and greatly reduces re–entry of data.
2) If the accounting software does not automatically generate XBRL tags, the organization makes its
own tags.
3) It is relatively inexpensive to use while not being software–specific.
4) It forms a partnership with IFRS as they are both intended to standardize financial reporting.
j.
Which of the following can serve as a mitigating control to the risk that there are inconsistent,
inaccurate, or unauthorized programs installed on the computers at one or more locations of the
organization? 1)
2)
3)
4)
Program changes are centrally managed and implemented.
There are periodic automatic comparisons of data across locations.
Data owners receive exception reports and notification of data changes.
Locations receive programs and access rights based on individual requests.
Continued...
EAU2D12
©CGA–Canada, 2012
Page 2 of 8
k. Which of the following is not a payment card industry

Extensible Business Reporting Language Analysis
Additionally, on March 1, 2017, the SEC voted to propose amendments relating to data submitted
using eXtensible Business Reporting Language ("XBRL"), in connection with the SEC's disclosure
modernization initiative. In a Fact Sheet accompanying its announcement, the SEC indicated that
the "proposed amendments would require the use of Inline XBRL format for the submission of
operating company financial statement information and mutual fund risk/return summaries. The
proposal would also eliminate the requirement for filers to post XBRL data on their websites." The
Fact Sheet indicates that the amendments would update SEC rules, adopted in 2009, requiring
mutual funds to submit risk/return summaries in XBRL to the SEC in Interactive Data File ... Show
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It is possible that any new obligations and associated costs could be significant. On April 7, 2017 the
DOL finalized a 60–day delay in the applicability date of the new fiduciary rule. On May 22, 2017
the DOL issued a New Temporary Enforcement Policy on the Fiduciary Rule, stating that "during
the phased implementation period ending on January 1, 2018, the [DOL] will not pursue claims
against fiduciaries who are working diligently and in good faith to comply with the fiduciary duty
rule and exemptions, or treat those fiduciaries as being in violation of the fiduciary duty rule and the
exemptions." On June 9, 2017 compliance with the Fiduciary Rule was generally required.
However, the day before, on June 8, 2017, the House of Representatives passed the Financial
CHOICE Act, which includes a provision to rescind the Fiduciary Rule, this Act is still pending in
the Senate, and analysts state that the Republicans will face a difficult task to gather enough votes to
pass the legislation. On July 3, 2017, the DOL filed an amicus brief in a case challenging the
fiduciary rule, in which the agency conceded that the portion of the BIC Exemption that would
require providers to waive contractually the ability to insist on arbitration and to consent to being
sued in a class action (in relevant part currently suspended) is invalid under other federal law. On
August 31, 2017, the DOL published a proposal to delay (from January 1, 2018 to July 1, 2019) the
applicability

Understanding Business Research
Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts
Anna M Teffeau
RES/351 – BUSINESS RESEARCH
6/30/2014
Annette West
Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts
There are many different types of quantitative data collection instruments and sampling methods
available to researchers. The ones that I have picked for the purpose of his paper are questionnaire,
sampling and surveying. Each can be a value to a researcher when completed with accuracy.
Validity is the degree to which an instrument measure what it is purports to measure. Invalid
instruments can lead to erroneous research conclusions, which in turn can influence educational
decisions. Reliability is the internal consistency or stability of the measuring device ... Show more
When analyzing data, such as the marks achieved by 100 students for a piece of coursework, it is
possible to use both descriptive and inferential statistics in your analysis of their marks. Typically, in
most research conducted on groups of people, you will use both descriptive and inferential statistics
to analyses your results and draw conclusions. So what are descriptive and inferential statistics? And
what are their differences? Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of data that helps
describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way such that, for example, patterns might
emerge from the data. Descriptive statistics do not, however, allow us to make conclusions beyond
the data we have analyzed or reach conclusions regarding any hypotheses we might have made.
They are simply a way to describe our data.
Descriptive statistics are very important because if we simply presented our raw data it would be
hard to visualize what the data was showing, especially if there was a lot of it. Descriptive statistics
therefore enables us to present the data in a more meaningful way, which allows simpler
interpretation of the data. For example, if we had the results of 100 pieces of students' coursework,
we may be interested in the overall performance of those students. We would also be interested in
the distribution or spread of the marks. Descriptive statistics allow us to do this. How to properly
describe data through statistics

Extensible Business Reporting Language ( Xml )
Extensible Business Reporting Language, otherwise referred to as XBRL is a standard introduced,
and is now used worldwide. "XBRL is based on Extensible Markup Language (XML), a widely
accepted technological standard that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that
both humans and machines can read." (Rashty, 2013). Its main purpose is to improve the way
business reporting is presented to the public, by making reports more accurate and efficient. It is
managed by a non for profit organization called XBRL International, and acts in the best interests of
the public. XBRL is being adopted worldwide due to its digital accuracy, and effectiveness. It is
mandatory in the United States and the United Kingdom, however in ... Show more content on
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This is because XBRL enables companies to save time on having to re–key information. The system
works by an item having a certain XBRL tag that it can be identified by. This information can then
be "read directly by numerous other applications, and consequently will not have to be re–keyed
into that application, eliminating potential errors and reducing the time that would have otherwise
been needed to extract the information from financial statements that are filed before transferring to
another application for analysis." (Today, 2008). XBRL will now increase the efficiency of
accountants and auditors who are required to complete comparisons to different industry averages,
as XBRL will complete this automatically. Not only that, but information "can be stored and
produced in a manner, such that analytical reviews and analysis can be performed much more
easily." (Today, 2008). The implementation of XBRL for companies will save both time and money,
both of which are crucial in the success of a company and business. These changes are present in
both Westpac and ANZ's financial statements. For example, Westpac's 2009 financial statement
showed loan capital as being represented under 4 different heading titles, whereas with the
introduction of XBRL loan capital in 2014 was these 4 headings incorporated into one figure listed
as the loan capital.

Valuation Allowance
05–5 There are two basic principles related to accounting for income taxes, each of which considers
uncertainty through the application of recognition and measurement criteria: * a. To recognize the
estimated taxes payable or refundable on tax returns for the current year as a tax liability or asset *
b. To recognize a deferred tax liability or asset for the estimated future tax effects attributable to
temporary differences and carryforwards.
45–5 The valuation allowance for a particular tax jurisdiction shall be allocated between current and
noncurrent deferred tax assets for that tax jurisdiction on a pro rata basis.
30–22 Examples (not prerequisites) of positive evidence that might support a conclusion that ...
SUBMIT FEEDBACK SUBMIT ANNOTATION
25–12 Paragraph 740–10–30–18 identifies four sources of taxable income to be considered in
determining the need for and amount of a valuation allowance for those and other deferred tax
assets. One source is future reversals of temporary differences.
30–7 The tax effect of a valuation allowance expected to be necessary for a deferred tax asset at the
end of the year for originating deductible temporary differences and carryforwards during the year
shall be included in the effective tax rate.
> > > Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets and Deferred Tax Liabilities
55–7 Subject to certain specific exceptions identified in paragraph 740–10–25–3, a deferred tax
liability is recognized for all taxable temporary differences, and a deferred tax asset is recognized
for all deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax creditcarryforwards. A valuation
allowance is recognized if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset
will not be realized. See Example 12 (paragraph 740–10–55–120) for an illustration of this
guidance. SUBMIT FEEDBACK SUBMIT ANNOTATION
55–8 To the extent that evidence about one or more sources of taxable income is sufficient to
eliminate any need for a valuation allowance, other sources need not be considered. Detailed
forecasts, projections, or other types of analyses are unnecessary if expected future

CEO & CFO Perceptions About AIS Impact on Firm Performance...
CEO and CFO perceptions about AIS impact on firm performance and financial reporting: How do
SOX, COSO, and the implementation of IT help reduce fraud and increase productivity in a
business? In the multifaceted, dynamic, corporate global milieu, imminent rifts continue to rattle the
arenas of accounting/finance. The personal ambitions of CEO's and CFO's outweighed their
responsibilities toward shareholders, employees, operations, civic/ethical duties, and the general
financial system. CEO's primarily focused on their own profitability, by increasing margins, meeting
shareholder/market expectations, and expanding by any means necessary. Therefore, this lead to
CFO's and other members of top management on the front lines in manipulating ... Show more
Subcategories of application controls include input controls, processing controls, and output
controls. The General controls include controls over IT governance, infrastructure, network &
operating system security, database access, application acquisitions & development, and program
changes. "General controls are needed to support the environment in which application controls
function, and both are needed to ensure accurate financial reporting, as well as reduce instances of
fraudulent activity." (Hall 2013)
While utilizing the aforementioned controls will greatly reduce risk of financial fraud, there are
inherent risks concerning information technology systems. Organizations integrated in a global
frame, face an overarching environmental risk involving stability, which primarily concerns IT. The
rapid production and ingenuity of increasing computing power, coupled with consistent gains in the
growth of technology, have a direct result in an exponentially vibrant information technology
atmosphere. This dynamic environment causes constant changes within internal controls in
companies. Currently, "IT is considered one of the main risk factors in organizations, and both lack
and excess of such investments can compromise the structure and the operations of the firm."
(Lunardi, Becker, Macada, & Dolci 2010)
To keep up with the forward thinking global environment, as well as complying with

Ais Final Cheat Sheet
The Control Matrix A tool designed to assist in analyzing the effectiveness of controls, PCAOB
Auditing Standard Number 5 – "Effectiveness of Control Design" Establishes the criteria to be used
in evaluating the controls in a particular business process Steps in Preparing a Control Matrix STEP
I: Specify control goals 1. Identify the Operations Process Control Goals –Effectiveness goals –
Efficiency goals –Security goals 2. Identify Information Process Control Goals –Input Goals –
Update Goals Operations Process Goals: For cash receipts process, two examples are: A:Timely
deposit of checks B:Comply with compensating balance agreements with the depository bank –
Other possible goals of a cash receipts would be shown as goals C, D, etc. and ... Show more
Sales order processing 3. Picking and packing the goods 4. Shipping Process Definition and
Functions To create information flows supporting: Repetitive work routines of the sales order
department, the credit department, and the shipping department –Decision needs of those who
manage various sales and marketing functions Horizontal Perspective Management Questions Using
Data Mining to Support Marketing Data warehousing Data mining Global E–business E–business
systems are divided into two categories: Buy Side –Systems use the Internet to automate and
manage corporate vendors and purchases E.g. Electronic data interchange (EDI), Supply chain
management (SCM) Sell Side –Systems are designed to allow a company to market, sell, deliver,
and service goods and services to customers throughout the world via the Internet CRM Systems
Cultivate customer relationships by prospecting, acquiring, servicing, and retaining customers
Customer self–service systems Context Diagram Diagram 1: Validate Sales Order 1.1 – Verify
inventory availability Diagram 1: Validate Sales Order 1.2 – Check credit Diagram 1: Validate Sales
Order 1.3 – Complete sales order Diagram 1: Validate Sales Order External Data Flow of Process
1.3: A picking ticket authorizes the warehouse to "pick" the goods from the shelf and send them to
shipping –A customer acknowledgment notifies the customer of the order's acceptance and the
expected shipment date –A sales order notification is sent to the billing

Case Analysis : Us Securities And Exchange Commissions
Chao–Wei Chang
Enterprise IT Integration
October 22, 2015
MACPA Case Analysis
Executive Summary The US Securities and Exchange Commissions required many large public
companies to submit financial reports in XBRL format, but organizations often concern about the
cost and time that associate to transform all their financial data to XBRL. The Maryland Association
of Certified Public Accountants, a privately held nonprofit company, recognized the value of XBRL
to reduce transactional costs and improve operational efficiency. They believed converting their
accounting data to XBRL format would deliver more benefits than the costs. With Altova MapForce
and FlowForce Server, MACPA was able to transform all data from different systems to XBRL and
automate data collection and extraction processes. Not only has the project driven operational
efficiencies and increase data accessibility, but also potentially enabled MACPA to submit
information to SEC in XBRL.
Main Analysis
Solution 1: Altova MapForace and FlowForce MACPA implemented Altova MapForce software to
transform their financial data from Microsoft Dynamics and AM.net to XBRL, and help them to
automate the process of generating XBRL instance file as request which significantly increase the
efficiency of collecting and compiling data. Using MapForce, business data is collected from
various sources to the target by simply connecting lines between data source, such as SQL server, to
the target. MACPA took advantage of MapForce

Accounting Theory Assignment
Financial Reporting and Disclosure Issues: FRANCE CL E A N S P A C E LT D 24 March 2011 By:
Charn Gek Cheng, Chiang Soo Ling, Kummar Sokali Muthu Mogan, Lee Siew Fen Samantha To:
Mrs Maria Long MEMORANDUM To: Mrs Maria Long, Manager Accounts Department,
Cleanspace Ltd From: Date: Subject: Accounting Theory Team No. 29 24 March 2011 Report on
Financial Reporting and Disclosure Practices of France Enclosed is the research on "Financial
Reporting and Disclosure Practices of France" for Cleanspace Ltd, authorised by you on 5 February
2011. In order to determine a suitable site for the international placement of Cleanspace Ltd
subsidiary, a summary is done on France public firms' financial reporting practices and influences.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maria Long, Accounts Manager. Its purpose is to research and

Essay on XBRL Extensible Business Reporting Language
XBRL Report
XBRL, the eXtensible Business Reporting Language, is an open standards–based reporting system
built to accommodate the electronic preparation and exchange of business reports around the world.
XBRL started back in 1999 with 12 organizations as the founding members. There are now in excess
of 450 organizations worldwide in over 30 countries involved in its development. It provides major
benefits in the preparation, analysis and communication of business information. It offers cost
savings, greater efficiency and improved accuracy and reliability to all those involved in supplying
or using financial data. The idea behind XBRL, eXtensible Business Reporting Language, is simple.
Instead of treating financial information as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can flexibly be adapted to meet different requirements and uses. Data can be transformed into
XBRL by suitable mapping tools or it can be generated in XBRL by appropriate software.
XBRL is all about the electronic tagging of data. It has been compared to the introduction of bar–
coding and to the introduction of the ISBN number for books. While financial data is an obvious
choice for electronic tagging, all data can be tagged. XBRL is an extension of XML, the eXtensible
Markup Language. An extensible language means one that is designed to easily allow the addition of
new features at a later date.
The XML specifications are developed by the World Wide Web Consortium. The XML
specifications provide a standard format for computerized documents that is flexible enough to be
used for diverse needs such as websites, genealogy, real estate listings and voice mail systems, and
more. XBRL International is responsible for over seeing the development of the XBRL
Specification which sets out exactly how the data is going to be tagged for use in XBRL related
projects.
The two key items fundamental to understanding XBRL are taxonomy and an instance document.
Taxonomy may refer to either a hierarchical classification of things, such as plants, or the principles
underlying the classification. Almost anything for example animates, objects, inanimate objects,
places, and events may be classified according to some taxonomic scheme.

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Valuation Essay
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary
Company overview
Business units Specialty coffee Keurig system Canadian Business Unit
Business Model Supply Chain Social Responsibility
Industry Environment
GMCR's Competitive Advantage Quality, Convenience, and Choice
GMCR's Growth Prospects National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Approval Starbucks/Tazo Tea
Strategic Partnership Snapple Partnership
SWOT Analysis Strengths Beverage Choice Options Sustainability Image Keurig Business Unit
Weaknesses Single Supplier for Keurig Machines Single Order Processing Partnership SEC
Investigation Opportunities Collaborations International Expansion Entry into Functional Drinks
Market in the US Threats ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specialty Coffee Business Unit (SCBU)
The SCBU is focuses on producing, sourcing and selling coffee, hot cocoa, teas, and other beverages
through a variety of super markets, convenience stores, restaurants, and also directly to consumers.
It also produces coffees, teas, and other beverages to be single serve cups in the form of K–cups of
Vue packs to go along with the sales of the Keurig Single Cup Brewing system. The SCBU
increased sales for fiscal year 2012 by $586.7million, 61% of total sales, $1,550.4million.
Keurig Business Unit (KBU)
The KBU focuses primarily on selling and marketing its patented single cup brewing systems for at
home and away from home use and its accessories in the United States. KBU sells single cup
servings of coffees, teas, cocoa, and other beverages for the Keurig Brewing System. The KBU
focuses on households as well as offices and office distributers, and consumer grocery stores. It
recognizes royalty income when any third party ships any of these products. The KBU recorded at
increase by $494.6 million to a total of $1,683.3 million. A percentage raise of 42%.
Canadian Business Unit (CBU)
The CBU focuses on the production and selling of coffees, teas, and other beverages in a wide
variety of packaging forms to Canada. It primarily sells to supermarkets, club stores such as Costco,
offices, and restaurants. It only recently started

Example Of Rigorous Self Assessment
Rigorous Self–assessment
1. Personal contribution to the team
In this class, the team projects involve class presentations on assigned textbook topics and the final
paper. I routinely actively participated in the discussion and prepared for our deliverables with high
quality. I also actively looked for and suggested solutions to problems. Even when I was busy, I
would make sure to deliver what I promised to the team on time. For every project, I am the person
who did the most research. However, in the presentation, my voice was usually considered to be too
soft, which may not have an optimal demonstration on our findings.
2. Personal contribution to the class
I attended every class and thought actively in class. I focused on topic, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He brought in speakers based on our research topic and interest.
The external speakers' background varies. They work in companies such as the public accounting
companies, the corporate and the consulting firms. However, they all hold a position in accounting
and use accounting systems every single day. Thus, I could learn the practical experience in different
environment, which complemented my academic experience.
This class is very different from the traditional lecture classes. The professor did not teach the
concept and cases from the textbook. Instead, students needed to study on their own and took
quizzes to test their understandings. This saved time and left more time to discuss in class. Usually,
students would bring up new topics and knowledge accordingly, which motivated us to learn more
and deeper.
The topics regarding accounting systems include:
Integrated enterprise systems and cloud computing
Accounting and business intelligence
Accounting and sustainability intelligence
XBRL: intelligent business reporting
Fraud and internal control
Cybersecurity

The risk intelligent enterprise: enterprise risk management
Business reporting, visual analytics, and business performance management
Data mining
Techniques for predictive modeling
Text analytics, text mining, and sentiment analytics
Model–based decision making: optimization and multi–criteria

Asc 330-10
October 13, 2011 330 Inventory 10 Overall 330–10–00 Status Note: General Note The Status
Section identifies changes to this Subtopic resulting from Accounting Standards Updates. The
Section provides references to the affected Codification content and links to the related Accounting
Standards Updates. Nonsubstantive changes for items such as editorial, link and similar corrections
are included separately in Maintenance Updates. General 330–10–00–1 330– 10–00No updates have
been made to this subtopic. 330–10–05 Overview and Background Note: General Note The
Overview and Background Section provides overview and background material for the guidance
contained in the Subtopic. It does not provide the historical background or due ... Show more
Market shall not exceed the net realizable value b. Market shall not be less than net realizable value
reduced by an allowance for an approximately normal profit margin. Net Realizable Value
Estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of
completion and disposal. 330–10–30 Initial Measurement Note: General Note The Initial
Measurement Section provides guidance on the criteria and amounts used to measure a particular
item at the date of initial recognition. General > Cost Basis 330–10–30330–10–30–1 The primary
basis of accounting for inventories is cost, which has been defined generally as the price paid or
consideration given to acquire an asset. As applied to inventories, cost means in principle the sum of
the applicable expenditures and charges directly or indirectly incurred in bringing an article to its
existing condition and location. It is understood to mean acquisition and production cost, and its
determination involves many considerations. 330–10–30330–10–30–2 Although principles for the
determination of inventory costs may be easily stated, their application, particularly to such
inventory items as work in process and finished goods, is difficult because of the variety of
considerations in the allocation of costs and charges. 330–10–30330–10–30–3 For

How Technology Affects The Role And Function Of Ais
Technology and AIS Introduction Traditional accounting system is hard to adopt today's dynamic
and turbulent business environment as the changing business has much more data which needs to be
analyzed than before. A dynamic AIS is important for today's business especially large enterprises
because it can help cut costs, control risks and better plan resources (Prasad, A. and Green, P. 2015,
p. 124). Under this circumstance, technology plays an essential role on making AIS possible to
response to internal and external business changes. This paper will critically discuss how technology
affects the role and function of AIS. The structure of the paper is as follows. First, effects of
technology on AIS, followed by identifying and describing two key skills or capabilities that
accountants should have in the future. Then, examining two key ethical implications. Last, a
conclusion will be presented. Discussion Impacts of IT on accounting Accounting system is such a
language that facilitates the internal and external communication between departments that compose
a value chain in a business process. This system is comprised of functional elements including the
purchasing, payroll, and sales cycle which has an increasing dependence on technologies in business
transactions (Pan, G. and Seow, P. S. 2016, p. 168). Alibaba, for example, the biggest e–commerce
company in China, mainly depends on the internet to complete its deals. 1. Internal control
Accounting professionals should

Non Profit Health Relief Organization
Running head: NON–PROFIT HEALTH RELIEF ORGANIZATION 1
NON–PROFIT 16
Non–Profit Health Relief Organization
Monique Jones
PPA: 602
Eddie Gordon
September 4, 2015
Non–Profit Health Relief Organization
Chief administrative officers (CAO) is in charge of nearly every aspect of a company, typically only
answering to the chief executive officer and the CAOs are employed in a wide array of industries
and have many functions depending on the size and scope of their company (Amico, 1999–2013).
He or she will handle the hiring and training of the top–level employees and managers. The CAO
will make sure the employees work as a team. A chief administrative officer will need to
understandthe company 's policies and overall mission. He or she will need to give the employees
job descriptions that is best suited for that employee. According to Amico (1999–2013), ?He must
delegate, organize and come up with new ideas to help the company 's bottom line anda chief
administrative officer must have strong verbal and written communication skills? (para, 2–3). In this
paper, the problem will be stated. Issues and how to solve the health needs of an African country
will be discussed. Integrating Fund Accounting, Financial controls, and Control and Management of
Public Expenditures will be discussed. Explanation on government financial reporting requirements
and applying budgets as disciplinary footsteps and remarks will be elaborated. The Analysis of
financial statements

Revenue Recognition Ifrs vs Gaap
Revenue Recognition: IFRS and FASB Convergence With the growth of international business there
is a need to standardize financial statements globally. Presently there are "approximately 120 foreign
private issuers currently that report to the Commission using IFRS financial statements." By
standardizing accounting practices investors will be able to make informed decisions based on
comparability and accuracy of financial statements. The SEC released this statement in 2008, "We
believe that IFRS has the potential to best provide the common platform on which companies can
report and investors can compare financial information." The SEC has created a "Roadmap" or plan
to convert US GAAP over to IFRS. According to The Committee of ... Show more content on
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"For example, when a pharmacy delivers medication to a patient, the pharmacy earns revenue, even
if the business must wait for a patient's insurance company to pay. Likewise, the pharmacy incurs
expenses for medication supplies, even if the pharmacy has not yet paid the invoice for a medication
shipment." The revenues have to be officially earned before the revenues can be recorded to be in
accordance with GAAP revenue recognition standards. Revenue cannot be recorded by the
pharmacy in the example above until the patient picks up the order even though the prescription had
already been filled. The "Roadmap" presented by the SEC is a step by step process to implement a
international accepted accounting standards. The Norwalk Agreement is a collaboration between the
FASB and IASB to create financial statements to be used both domestic and internationally. A
foundation that is based in London, but a US corporation was formed to work with the IASB is
called the IASC Foundation. The eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) is an interactive
data website was developed to translate financials into various languages. There have been many
websites, books and educators available to train professionals on IFRS and the current changes. The
US feels that we need to transition corporations in stages to be able to test for accuracy of the new
adopted accounting standards. Even though the US is converting to international accounting
principles

accounting information system
Chapter 1 Accounting Information Systems and the Accountant True–False Questions 1. The
acronym AIS stands for "Accounting Information Standards." 2. Accounting information systems
must be computerized to be effective. 3. It is best to view an AIS as an accounting system that must
be computerized. 4. AISs often create information that is useful to non–accountants. 5. In order to be
useful, raw accounting data must be processed by a computer. 6. The path that data follow in an AIS,
for example from manual source document to completed output report, is called an audit trail. 7. A
company's audit trail is normally easier to follow under a manual data processing system compared
to a computerized information processing system. 8. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
37. As used in Chapter 1, a dashboard is an up–to–the–minute graphic depiction of one or more
business activities. 38. The purpose of the assurance services of an accounting firm is to give a
company's managers moral support when they are audited by the federal or state government. 39.
The purpose of CPA Trust Services is to provide assurance that a company engaged in electronic
commerce can provide the goods or services it promises. 40. An example of a value–added reseller
(VAR) is a computer dealer that adds software to the hardware it sells. 41. Some possible career
opportunities for AIS majors or minors include consulting positions, computerized auditing, or
system computer auditing positions. 42. Accountants are usually classified as "line workers" within
business organizations. 43. Today's AIS is an enterprise–wide information system that focuses on
interdepartmental business processes. 44. Managerial accounting principally provides decision
making information to a company's internal managers. 45. As a result of computerized information
processing systems in many organizations today, the need for accountants in these organizations has
significantly declined. 46. Activity–based costing systems focus on allocating overhead on the basis
of direct labor hours used. 47. Because accountants are not normally computer programmers
working within the information processing subsystem, it is unnecessary for them to understand the
capabilities and

Evaluation Of An Sec 's Voluntary Filing Program
Bortiz & No (2008) examined whether XBRL documents, furnished to the SEC's XBRL Voluntary
Filing Program VFP on EDGAR, conform to the suggested XBRL taxonomies and specifications as
well as requirements for XBRL filings and whether the quality of XBRL filings improved between
2005 and 2007. Their examination include 9 points investigated to achieve their goal, use of
extension taxonomies, notes and MD&A, agreement of XBRL–related documents with official
filings, consistency, validation tests for extensions taxonomies and instance documents, FRIS and
FRTA tests, and other errors.
Related to the use of extensions after analysing 68 companies in the VFP as of December 31, 2007,
they found all 304 filings contained extended taxonomies. On average, companies used 163
approved taxonomy elements and 190 extension elements, which represents 55.4% of the total
elements used. So, the needs to create customised taxonomies to enable their XBRL filings to fit the
official filing is needed.
The authors recognised that it was not possible to justify all the extensions noted because of the
absence of any statement by the company or an assurance provider about the extensions. Related to
Notes and MD&A, they found that only 13 XBRL documents included notes, and only one of these
also provided MD&A. None of the companies had an accountant's report or assurance report,
although three earlier filings by two companies had assurance reports.
They found a discrepancy between the two XBRL software

Military Industrial Complex Essay
Position on Military Industrial Complex Catalina M. Young Archbishop Edward A. McCarthy
Abstract The "Military Industrial Complex" is a term coined by former President Dwight D.
Eisenhower. This refers to the relationship between the nation's armed forces and the industries that
support them. Though its name came about in the 1960s, this relationship between armed forces and
private industry dates back centuries. Recent legislation has been passed to help limit the power that
this relationship has over defense spending. For any country, military spending is a big part of the
national budget. Over time this business transaction has formed into a relationship between the
nation's armed forces and these private defense industries. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
At that point in time, arms were still being manufactured and shipped over from Britain. Hamilton
not only saw this as a more economical way to obtain arms, but also as a way to cut ties with foreign
arms producers, which he thought was key to national security. This seemingly small proposal at the
time, lead to the eventual production of arms on American soil. From this point onward the country's
defense and economy were intertwined. As the need for more weapons grew, the process of making
them transformed from a single person hand crafting a gun, to an assembly line of people each
trained to build a separate part of a gun. In 1808 a policy for arming the United States' militia called
for more guns to be made. This act supplied the militia with $200,000 in arms and military
equipment annually.(Encyclopedia of the New American Nation, 2013) Pretty soon thereafter
national arms systems were set upon the national armories. A network of reliable arms
manufacturers emerged. Contracts were drawn up between these armories and private
manufacturers, who were more likely to test new means and materials to improve guns. This was
key to an ideal system of arms production. This was the beginning of the military industrial
complex. It was here that the desire for an innovative military arms snowballed into the high–tech
industry that it is today. "In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of
unwarranted influence, whether sought or

Recent Trends in Information System
Recent trends in information system
Introduction
The advancement of technologies in business is changing the world of work. Businesses find they
must incorporate many of the new technological procedures, processes, policies, hardware, and
software into their environment to remain competitive. The impact from these technological
advances on how work is performed affects the workforce far differently now than what has been
seen over the past 25 years. One of the greatest impacts has been on the workers themselves, and the
challenge of training and preparing to remain abreast in today's workforce is tremendous. This
challenge, which is facing today's workers, is something educators cannot afford to ignore.
Technology has created ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Emerging Information Technology Trends
Emerging Information Technology Trends : Traditionally, hotels were mostly dependant on cards
and paperwork at the front desk to keep in meet with old and current customers. They were chiefly
at the mercy of the wishes of vacationers to succeed, and on their own pains and force to be inclined
for budding surges or long droughts of tenancy. Luckily, such inconvenience and old–fashioned
methods are long since ancient, gratitude to advances in information technology. The first question
in which information technology became important regarded billing. Old–fashioned paper–based
book–keeping time–consuming and inefficient, and was not able briefly to tell a lodge holder what
the avow of their lodge was. Luckily, advances in modern proof keeping tolerate for a lodge holder
to keep pathway of what they have on hand, how much of it they have, and how much it outlay.
Accounting is complicated, but future accounting software, especially that tailored to the sole needs
of the hospitality activity, helps to permit lodge owners to make smart decisions. Services and
harvest that are no longer worn can be instantly cut off to preclude money, while those who show
want can be augmented in magnitude or bespoke to diminish the important tradition. Most hotels are
recurring with booking quarters and reservations over

Accounting Standards And The Codification System
DATE: January 19, 2016
TO: Chris Yost, CPA
FROM: Holly Thobe, Junior Accountant
SUBJECT: Using the Accounting Standards Codification
All Staff Accountants must learn how to research GAAP accounting standards using FASB's
accounting standards Codification system. The purpose of this memo is to provide instructions on
how to research the accounting standards using the new Codification system. Users will discover
how to research the accounting standards using the Codification system, explore the updated
revenue recognition standards, and learn how to access updates from the system.
FASB Accounting Standards Codification
The FASB Codification database is easy to use when researching the accounting standards once the
basics are fully understood. The FASB Codification database can be accessed by logging in at
http://aaahq.org/ascLogin.cfm and using the following codes (case sensitive): Username –
AAA51207 Password – HFdU64n
The Codification uses a hierarchy to organize its subject matter. Area is the largest collection, and
then comes topic, subtopic and section. Each topic, subtopic and section is identified with a number
and a title. The numbers provide a simple way to find specific accounting guidance. A three–digit
number and a title identify topics. The first digit of the numerical identifier resembles the area of the
topic. Subtopics are either exclusive or shared. Exclusive subtopics have unique content and shared
subtopics have common content. To identify

Benefits Of Interactive Data To Improve Financial Reporting
Answer: It is reasonable to exempt small companies with revenue under $250 million from filing in
XBRL format for a short period (3–5 years) for the cost of preparation, but it is not a good idea to
implement this exemption for long time. 1) XBRL has significant benefits for the transparency
improvement of financial report. As Du and Vasarhelyi et al., (2013) stated, there has been over one
decade of studies and evaluations on Internet–facilitated financial reporting in general and XBRL in
particular (Ashbaugh et al. 1999; Debreceny et al. 2002; Ettredge et al. 2002; Debreceny et al. 2005;
Kelton and Yang 2008; Debreceny et al. 2010). These studies explored, advocated, and generally
supported the idea of using the Internet to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Potential users include regulators, accountants, banks, analysts, investors, management, and any
other member of the financial information supply chain. The XBRL report can offer a platform to
use an interactive language to communicate with each other informatively. The third benefit is the
XBRL process and savings. Based on the old financial reporting system, company information is
hosted on their website in PDF or HTML format, and this information is costly to retrieve,
manipulate and utilize by other interested and concerned parties. Companies spend billions of
dollars on this method of data presentation and transfer. Implementation of XBRL will result in cost
savings and the data will be cheaper, better, and faster. 2) The cost of XBRL report for small
companies The main reason for this exemption is the cost to prepare and file the XBRL report. But,
as the two papers mentioned in the question argued, "A recent study of smaller filers by the AICPA
showed that the median cost to file in XBRL in the US for the companies that would be covered by
the exemption is USD $8000 annually, covering the detailed tagging of 3 quarterly financial
statements and 1 annual financial statement, so it's fair to say that the savings claims by the
proposal's supporters are somewhat overblown." It is not too much. So, in my opinion, some
potential costs would happen in this time, but these costs would decrease step by step. The first cost
is the psychological cost for small

economic
Chapter
9
Functional Area and Compliance Systems
Quick Look
Case 1, Opening Case: International Speedway
Gets Lean
9.1 Management Levels and Functional Systems
9.2 Manufacturing, Production, and Transportation Systems
9.3 Sales and Marketing Systems
9.4 Accounting, Finance, and Compliance Systems
9.5 Human Resources Systems, Compliance, and Ethics
Key Terms
Chapter 9 Link Library
Evaluate and Expand Your Learning
IT and Data Management Decisions
Questions for Discussion &Review
Online Activities
Collaborative Work
Case 2, Business Case: Station Casinos ' Loyalty Program
Case 3, Video Case: Superior Manufacturing Wipes the Competition

Data Analysis &Decision Making: SunWest Foods ' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 9.2 ISC manages huge volumes of fan data compiled from the Daytona 500 and all other
NASCAR races.
Customer touchpoints are ways to reach, build, and strengthen relationships with customers.
Touchpoints that don 't interest or create interest with a customer are a waste of resources, both time
and budget.
Mission: Set of outcomes an organization wants to achieve.
Data–Rich, but Insight–Poor
During 2007, customer demand for racing events had flattened out (that is, no sales growth).
Management decided to introduce targeted marketing campaigns that are based on a clear
understanding of current and prospective customers. Management had the data they needed as a
result of collecting structured and unstructured data on 4 million race fans through formal surveys,
e–mail, phone calls, and social network sites. But they had not been leveraging that data to
maximize advertising
effectiveness. Too much of the advertising budget was wasted on campaigns advertising to people
who were not interested in particular races, while fans who would have been interested in the race
were not being contacted.
Targeted Campaigns and Personalizing Customer Touchpoints
To run targeted campaigns, the chief marketing officer (CMO) wanted a 360–degree view of
customers, for instance, what, when, how, and why they bought tickets going as far back as 2002.
The

Final: Internal Control and Data
Claudine Perez
ACC 340 Final Examination
1. The essential steps in performing a systems study are (in order of occurrence):
a) Analysis, design, implementation and initial operation, follow‑up
b) Design, planning, follow‑up, analysis, and implementation
c) Planning, system specification, analysis, production, implementation
d) Planning, analysis, design, implementation, and follow‑up
2. Which of the following is intended to solve the problem that financial data used in one application
is not easily transferable to other applications? a) XMP b) ERP c) XBRL d) XMLP
3. Information systems auditors are:
a) Auditors who are concerned with analyzing risks associated with ... Show more content on
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Which of the following is not a concern of the financing process?
a) Effective cash management
b) Optimizing an organization's cost of capital
c) Minimizing an organization's borrowings
d) Projecting cash flows
14. Business process reengineering efforts sometimes fail because:
a. Management gets too involved in the process
e) Management is too optimistic regarding its expectations from its implementation
b. Management support can never overcome employee resistance
c. Employees will never accept change
15. Which of the following technologies are now used in conjunction with automated production
process systems to increase efficiencies?
a) Radio frequency technology
b) Bar code scanners
c) RF IDs and advanced electronic tags
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

16. According to the chapter, which of these statements is most accurate?
a) Most computer abuse is performed as retaliation against employers
b) Very little computer crime is committed for personal gain
c) Some computer abuse is performed simply to meet a challenge
d) We catch most computer abusers with good accounting controls
17.Which of the following is probably the primary reason accountants should be concerned about
computer crime and abuse?
a) They might lose their job if they don't detect computer crime or abuse in their organization
b) They might lose their professional credibility and license if computer crime or abuse continues
for a long time in their organization and they do not detect it

Computer Network and Data Warehouse
Chapter 11 Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 1. Closed database architecture is a. a control
technique intended to prevent unauthorized access from trading partners. b. a limitation inherent in
traditional information systems that prevents data sharing. c. a data warehouse control that prevents
unclean data from entering the warehouse. d. a technique used to restrict access to data marts. e. a
database structure that many of the leading ERPs use to support OLTP applications. 2. Each of the
following is a necessary element for the successful warehousing of data EXCEPT a. cleansing
extracted data. b. transforming data. c. modeling data. d. loading data. e. all of the above are
necessary. 3. Which of the following is typically NOT part of ... Show more content on
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d. do not see the data warehouse as an audit or control issue at all because financial records are not
stored there. e. need not review access levels granted to users since these are determined when the
system is configured and never change. 10. Which statement is most correct?
a. SAP is more suited to service industries than manufacturing clients. b. J.D. Edwards's ERP is
designed to accept the best practices modules of other vendors. c. Oracle evolved from a human
resources system. d. PeopleSoft is the world's leading supplier of software for information
management. e. SoftBrands provides enterprise software for the hospitality and manufacturing
sectors.
Chapter 12 Electronic Commerce Systems 1. Which of the following statements is correct? a.
TCP/IP is the basic protocol that permits communication between Internet sites. b. TCP/IP controls
web browsers that access the web. c. TCP/IP is the document format used to produce web pages. d.
TCP/IP is used to transfer text files, programs, spreadsheets, and databases across the Internet. e.
TCP/IP is a low–level encryption scheme used to secure transmissions in higher–level (HTTP)
format. 2. Which of the following best describes a system of computers that connects the internal
users of an organization distributed over a wide geographic area? a. LAN b. Internet c. decentralized
network d. multidrop network e. intranet 3. Sniffer software is a. used by malicious websites to sniff
data from cookies stored on the

ais homework 1
CHAPTER ONE: Accounting Information Systems and the Accountant DISCUSSION
QUESTIONS: 3. Advances in IT are likely to have a continuing impact on financial accounting.
What are some changes you think will occur in the way financial information is gathered, processed,
and communicated as a result of increasingly sophisticated IT? Advances in IT that allow
transactions to be captured immediately, accountants and even the AIS itself can produce financial
statements almost in real–time. Interactive data allows for information to be reused and carried
seamlessly among a variety of applications or reports. 4. XBRL is emerging as the language that will
be used to create interactive data that financial managers can use in communication. How do ...
SEC – Securities Exchange Commission u. SOX – Sarbanes– Oxley Act v. VARs – Value–Added
Resellers w. XBRL – Extensible Business Reporting Language 16. a. Dues paid, expenses,
donations, operating costs, and capital investments and costs. b. Yes, because AISs do not have to be
computerized. c. No, fraud tends to occur when there isn't a separation of duties. d. Benefits would
include ease of information collected/entered, real–time reporting, ease of access to information, e–
commerce style record keeping. It would only be cost effective if system is easy to use/user–
friendly. CHAPTER TWO: Information Technology and AISs DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Why
is important to view and AIS as a combination of hardware, software, data, people, and procedure?
It takes ALL components to work successfully. 2. Why is information technology important to
accountants? 1. On CPA exam 2. Used a lot therefore need to understand it 3. To be able to audit
systems 4. Task Identification 5. Help clients make hardware and software purchases 6. To evaluate
efficiency and effectiveness 7. IT profoundly affects work today and in the future 3.Why do most
AISs try to avoid data transcription? To avoid errors, time–consuming, costly, inefficient,
nonproductive, can bottleneck data at transcription site, embeds errors, and provides opportunities
for fraud, embezzlement, or sabotage. 11. What are local area networks? What advantages do LANs
offer accounting

The Sec Initiative On Accounting Fraud Detection And...
Boyle, D., Boyle, J and Carpenter (2014) research titled "The SEC's Renewed Focus on Accounting
Fraud" about the SEC initiative on accounting fraud detection and misleading disclosure by
implementing the Accounting Quality Model (AQM) using the Extensible Business Reporting
Language (XBRL) (p.68). Boyle et al. mentioned Craig M Lewis, director and chief economist of
the SECs Division of Economic and Risk Analysis, described AQM as a highly technical robust tool
on detecting fraud and other accounting anomalies, while others called it "Robocop" as the use of
XBRL tags is capable of computerized analysis and enhanced access to financial data by the
stakeholders, the public and the SEC staff (pp.68–69). Boyle et al. cited that Robocop is a
computerized system which takes the firm's same day financial filings, processed it and keeps it in
the database and enable open access of the financial data within 24 hours after being posted on the
Electronic Data–Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR) System. Boyle et al. summarized that
accounting fraud and improper disclosures are evident in SEC's renewed focus on its resources
through the technology–based tool AQM as key component, while the SEC Financial Reporting and
Audit Task Force initiatives focus on exploring and identifying areas vulnerable to fraudulent
activities by increased emphasis on financial reporting fraud detection and disclosure irregularities
(p.69). Boyle et al. mentioned David Woodcock, chair of the SEC Task

Technical Review : Extensible Business Reporting Language
This chapter provide the necessary definitions of terms used in the consecutive analysis and answers
the first two subquestions of the research: "What is XBRL and how does it work?" and "What is an
extension and when it is used by filers in XBRL submissions?"
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is a programming language for the electronic
communication of business and financial data around the world (Weber, 2003). XBRL is based on
XML document (Extensible Markup Language). According to XML, the identification labels are
applied to data for better processing through the use of software (Debreceny et al, 2010).
2.2 XBRL historical review
The copyright of the XBRL standard belongs to an independent non–profit legal entity, "XBRL
International", incorporated in 2001 on the initiative of the professional body accountants in
America (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants – AICPA). The idea was born in 1998
by Charles Hoffman, who was looking for a better way to create, share and distribute financial
information. XBRL aims to improve business reporting and information exchange between entities.
XBRL introduction is "revolutionary", since the data are fully in digital format and thus can be
processed easier than PDF or HTML formats. The creators of XBRL support that this step is similar
to the change from the paper maps to digital maps (XBRL International 2015a). Currently a
representation of the XBRL International consortium exists in many countries and

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