Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods into our diets can support overall well-being and help protect against oxidative stress-related diseases

1. Presented by-
Rupam Mahish
Department- Master of Pharmacy in Pharmaceutics
Institution- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal
PLANT BASED ANTIOXIDANTS

2. CONTNENTS
❑ ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF PLANT
❑ CLASSIFICTION
❑ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
❑ CLINICAL TRIALS FOR ANTOXIDANT PROPERTIES
❑ ANALYTICAL METHODS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES
❑ CONCLUSION
❑ BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION
What are the plant based antioxidants?
- Natural antioxidants from plant materials
are mainly polyphenols (phenolic acids,
flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignans and
stilbenes), carotenoids (xanthophylls and
carotenes) and vitamins (vitamin E and C).
What are the Antioxidants?
- Theses compounds are reducing agents
which inhibit the oxidation process
under the influence of atmospheric
oxygen or reactive oxygen species and
reducing free radicals.
Fig 1: A Diagram:Antioxidants reduce free radicals

4. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF PLANT
To survive, plants have to combat various environmental stressors such as sunlight, air pollution,
and pathogens. So that they have developed the capacity to produce antioxidant molecules.
These molecules showcase some properties:
Phytochemicals
• Plants produce a wide
range of phytochemicals,
which are natural
chemical compounds that
contribute to their defense
mechanisms.
• Many phytochemicals have
antioxidant properties such as
flavonoids, carotenoids, and
phenolic compounds. .
Scavenging Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS)
• These molecules are free
radicals like superoxide
anions and hydroxyl
radicals, are produced as
byproducts of normal
metabolic processes in
plants which cause cell
damage and oxidative
stress.
• Antioxidants can neutralize
ROS and prevent or reduce
oxidative damage.
Non-enzymatic
Antioxidants
• Non-enzymatic antioxidants
that directly scavenge ROS.
• These include vitamin C,
vitamin E, glutathione donate
electrons or hydrogen atoms
to stabilize and neutralize free
radicals, preventing them
from damaging cellular
components.

5. OXIDATIVE STRESS
Fig 2:Overview of different process under plant stress.
❑ Excessive accumulation of Reactive
Oxygen Species(ROS) can cause damage to
cellular components.
❑ These cellular components such as proteins,
lipids, and DNA, leading to oxidative stress.
❑ This stress can be triggered by various
environmental factors such as high light
intensity, drought, temperature extremes,
pollutants, and pathogen attacks.
❑ To counteract oxidative stress, plants have
evolved an antioxidant defense system .
❑ Enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic ,
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), and peroxidases, work together to
convert harmful ROS into less reactive molecules.
❑ Excessive accumulation of Reactive
Oxygen Species(ROS) can cause damage to
cellular components.
❑ These cellular components such as proteins,
lipids, and DNA, leading to oxidative stress.
❑ This stress can be triggered by various
environmental factors such as high light
intensity, drought, temperature extremes,
pollutants, and pathogen attacks.
❑ To counteract oxidative stress, plants have
evolved an antioxidant defense system .
❑ Enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic ,
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), and peroxidases, work together to
convert harmful ROS into less reactive molecules.

6. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS

7. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS
HAVING HIGH LEVEL OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Mediterranean Region Plants:
❖ Olives- contain phenolic compounds like hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein which avoid the
development of degenerative diseases.
❖ Grapes- contain polyphenols like resveratrol, which have antioxidant effects and may
help protect against heart disease.
❖ Tomatoes- contain lycopene which educing the risk of certain cancers and promoting
heart health.
❖ Citrus fruits- present sources of vitamin C helps neutralize free radicals and supports the
immune system.
Fig3: Olive Fruits Fig4: Grape fruits Fig5- Tomatoes Fig6- Citrus Fruits

8. Tropical rainforests of the Amazon basin region Plants:
❖ Acai berries- contain anthocyanins and flavonoids, which can help combat oxidative stress and promote
overall health.
❖ Cacao- rich in flavonoids, particularly catechins and procyanidins which have beneficial effects on
cardiovascular health.
❖ Goji berries- contain zeaxanthin, lutein, and polysaccharides which can help protect against cellular damage
caused by free radicals.
North America Region:
❖ Blueberries-loaded with flavonoids
like anthocyanins, which associated
with various health benefits, including
improved brain function and reduced
oxidative stress.
❖ Cranberries- rich in
proanthocyanidins which may help
prevent urinary tract infections and
reduce the risk of certain diseases.
Contd.
(b)
(a)
Fig7- Acai berries (a) & (b) Fig8- Cacao Fruits Fig9-Goji berries Fruits
Fig10- Blue berries Fruits Fig11- Cranberries Fruits

9. Sub Saharan Africa:
Baobab fruits- rich in vitamin C, polyphenols,
and flavonoids, which help neutralize free
radicals and support immune function.
African mangoes- contains antioxidants like
vitamin C, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which
contribute to its potential health benefits,
including reducing oxidative stress.
Fig12- Ginger
Fig13- Cinnamon
Fig14- Turneric
Fig15- Baobab Fruits Fig16- African Mangoes
Contd.

10. ANTIOXIDANT-RICH PLANTS UNDERGOING CLINICAL TRIALS
Plant species
(family)
Part of the
plant/compound/
concentration
Main outcomes of the
intervention
Type of study
Achillea millefolium
L.
(Asteraceae)
16 chronic kidney disease
patients received 1.5g of
powdered A. millefolium
flower 3 days a week for 2
months
The plasma metabolites nitrite (0.82 μM/L to
0.63 μM/L) and nitrate (50.55 μM/L to 44.09
μM/L) decreased marginally after the
administration of A. millefolium. These
concentrations were increased in the placebo
group
Randomized
controlled trial (Vahid,
Dashti-Khavidaki,
Ahmadi,
Amini, & Salehi
Surmaghi, 2012)
A. sativum Participants were randomly
assigned to receive either
one garlic tablet (equal to
400 mg
garlic and 1 mg allicin) (n =
22) once daily for 9 weeks
Garlic consumption among pregnant women at
risk of preeclampsia led to decreased
serum hs-CRP levels (garlic: 1,425.90 and
placebo: 1,360.50 ng/ml). Increases in plasma
glutathione (GSH) were also observed (garlic:
98.1 and placebo: 49.87 μM/L)
Randomized, double-
blind, placebo
controlled trial
(Aalami-
Harandi, Karamali, &
Asemi, 2015)
Aloe barbadensis
miller
(Xanthorrhoeaceae
The daily dosage of the
supplement Product (80
ml), A. barbadensis gel
(USA/Mexico 36%),
administered for 8 weeks
In 62 healthy but overweight volunteers with
average adherence to the Mediterranean
diet, consumption of A. barbadensis-based
supplements reduces DNA/RNA oxidation
(30%) and lipid peroxidation (carbonyl protein
levels—20%) in comparison to placebo
Double-blind and
placebocontrolled
intervention
(NCT02837107)
(Fragopoulou
et al., 2018)
Table 1- Overview of the investigated plants and the clinical trials main outcomes and methodologies published in
MEDLINE/PubMed

11. CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD TO
EVALUATE THE INTEGRATED ANTIOXIDANT
PROPERTIES
HAT Mechanism- Hydrogen Atom Transfer based Mechanism
ET Mechanism – Electron Transfer based Mechanism

12. CONCLUSION
➢ Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods into our diets
can support overall well-being and help protect
against oxidative stress-related diseases.
➢ Research is on to explore new sources of
antioxidants and understand they can be exploited
for betterment of health.

13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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antioxidants’ structure, efficacy, mechanisms, and applications: A review.
Antioxidants. 2022 May 23;11(5):1025.
▪ Marmitt DJ, Bitencourt S, da Silva GR, Rempel C, Goettert MI. Traditional
plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials—A systematic review.
Phytotherapy Research. 2021 Oct;35(10):5647-67.
▪ Ivanova A, Gerasimova E, Gazizullina E. Study of antioxidant properties of
agents from the perspective of their action mechanisms. Molecules. 2020 Sep
16;25(18):4251.

14. THANK
YOU