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Similar to Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), A Subsea Enabler
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Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), A Subsea Enabler
- 2. Instructor Bio Subsea Engineer M.Sc. Subsea Engineering (UoA) 18/19 10 Years Subsea and Offshore Experience Intervention Inspection Maintenance Repair Construction Commissioning Decommissioning
- 3. Course Outcomes This Course mainly discusses the following: • ROV systems, subsystems, and components • ROV tooling • Main ROV applications • ROV trends, and recent development • Challenges facing ROV developments (Resident ROV and Empowered ROV) • Exploring the AUV system components and main operations. • Challenges, Opportunities, and Threats facing underwater vehicles at large Surveying ROV professionals to gather feedback not only from ROV pilots but also from other involved parties such as ROV Engineers, Subsea Engineers, and Representatives from different Subsea Operators. these data highlight areas of improvement from their perspectives.
- 4. Target Audience This Course would be a good fit for: • University Students / Graduates • Subsea / Offshore Professionals • Energy Professionals • ROV Interface Engineers • Fresh ROV Pilots And Technicians • Managers Interfacing With Underwater Vehicles • Oil And Gas Operators
- 5. Keywords and Abbreviations UUV Unmanned Underwater Vehicle ROV Remotely Operated Vehicle AUV Autonomous Underwater Vehicle CURV Cable-Controlled Underwater Research Vehicle IMCA International Marine Contractors Association IMR Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit LBL Long Base Line SPS Subsea Production System SDS Subsea Distribution System LARS Launch and Recovery System TMS Tether Management System RROV Resident Remotely Operated Vehicle VR Virtual Reality AR Augmented Reality GIS Geographic Information System HMD Head Mounted Display UTA Umbilical Termination Assembly
- 6. Course Outline 1 Understanding ROVs 1. Historical Background, Heading Towards Maturity, The Present 2. ROV Classifications 3. ROV Applications 4. ROV Systems and Components 5. ROV Capabilities 6. ROV Subsystems and Main Components. • Topside Facilities and Launch and Recovery System • Umbilical and Tether Management System (TMS) • ROV Machine 7. ROV Tooling 2 ROV Trends 1. Resident ROV (RROV) and Empowered ROV (EROV) 2. Benefits of Resident ROV (RROV) Empowered ROV (EROV) Working Principle System Challenges of RROV and EROV Systems AUV System Components 3. Levels of autonomy 4. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) 2.4 Hybrid Solutions 5. A Hybrid Example: Freedom ROV (Oceaneering) 3 Challenges, Opportunities, and Threats 1. Reliability and Maintainability 2. Poor Visibility 3. Weather Dependency 4. Lost and Malfunctioned Vehicles 5. Security Threats 4 ROV Professionals Survey 1. Methodology 2. Approach 3. Survey Questions 4. Results Discussion 5. Operational Challenges 6. Safety Challenges 7. Incidents and Near Misses
- 7. History • Solving Emerging Problems • Military Application (Recover Lost Torpedo/bomb) • 1966 a hydrogen bomb was recovered from 850 m water depth offshore Spain. • 1970s Government Funded • 1980s Private Sector Funded
- 8. History “No job was too hard or too deep to be completed. The US Navy, now able to buy vehicles off the shelf as needed, turned its eyes toward the next milestone – reaching the 20 000- foot (6279 meters) barrier”. Benjamin Marcos On ROV Maturity levels at the 1990s Benjamin, Marcus. 2007. “Bit of History.” Science 38(978): 441–42.
- 9. Present 640+ ROVs Worldwide (2012), 900+ Work Class ROVs (2021) Emerging AUVs (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) Deeper Reach Improved Efficiency Electrification Minimizing Carbon footprint Minimizing Safety Risks
- 10. Present
- 11. ROV Classifications Class 1 – Pure observation Class 2 – Observation with payload option Class 3 – Work class vehicles Class 4 – Seabed-working vehicles Class 5 – Prototype or development vehicles
- 13. ROV Applications Environment Coastal monitoring, pollution assessment Security Hull Inspections, Unexploded ordnance survey (UXO) Hydropower Dam wall inspection Aquaculture Net inspection, dead fish removal Military Mine hunting and disposal Sciences Seabed Investigation Offshore Oil and Gas Pipeline and structure inspection, visual leak detection Marine Renewable Energy Structure inspection Nuclear energy Inspection and operation in hazardous areas Search and Rescue Search and recovery operations Archaeology Area mapping Civils Foundation inspection
- 15. ROV Tasks Site Survey Drilling Support Installation Operation Maintenance and Repair Inspection
- 16. ROV Tasks Site Survey Before any offshore activity, i.e. (drilling, installation) a detailed site survey (seabed mapping) is a show starter task. Where precise soil properties, as well as seabed profile, are necessary. ROVs interfaced with various tools like: • ECHO sounder • Sub-bottom profilers • Side scan sonars Can perform these different activities leading to a detailed and successful site survey.
- 17. ROV Tasks Drilling Support As drilling activities went into deeper waters; rigs have evolved from Jack-ups and fixed platforms to Mobile offshore drilling units (MODU). These units use anchoring or dynamic positioning for station keeping; consequently, ROV assistance became an integral part of the drilling activity for acoustic transponders deployments, anchors and chains positioning and assisted deployment, subsea structures positioning/monitoring, gas bubbles monitoring.
- 18. ROV Tasks Installation (Bai and Bai 2010) have classified installation activities into two main categories: 1. Subsea Structures and Equipment installation 2. Subsea umbilicals and pipelines. For equipment and structures; an ROV plays its role in monitoring visually through cameras for the deployment, orientation, and touchdown process. It could also take part in assisting those activities, the positioning on seabed itself is widely carried out via LBL method (long baseline), where acoustic transponders are positioned by the ROV on the seabed to form an array of position reference to aid the correct landing of the structure in its allocated place.
- 19. ROV Tasks Operations • Dealing with a fully integrated and developed subsea production system (SPS). • As long as the system is fully functioning and does not require any intervention, The ROV role is not of the highest priority, as most components of subsea production systems are remotely operated through multiplexed control systems, however some other components with open/close valve functions are designed for only ROV operation. (i.e ball valves on pipeline end terminations (PLETs) and pipeline end manifold (PLEMs))
- 20. ROV Tasks Maintenance and Repair Subsea systems require maintenance, repair or replacement for equipment subjected to failure and wear: • Choke valves • Subsea control modules • Electrical and hydraulic jumpers (flying leads) • Electrical distribution units • Subsea Accumulators • Others Repair works are corrective actions mainly done on: • Pipelines • Structures (Valves and Pipework of Trees, Manifolds, PLETs) • Connections A work class ROV of a high horsepower and two manipulators is a necessity for such demanding activities. For that purpose, subsea equipment is designed for modularity, with a previously designed ROV friendly interface. (Samuel 2017) indicates that work class ROVs are essential for maintenance and repair always require a surface IMR vessel (inspection maintenance and Repair) for launching and recovery, power supply, and control.
- 21. ROV Tasks Maintenance and Repair
- 22. ROV Capabilities A working-class ROV (Stewart 2016) Summarized the main capabilities of a working-class ROV as: • Depth reach (100 m to 4000 m), • Deployment and recovery system; (Moonpool launching system/ A-frame system / Crane) • Navigation System • Vision Systems (Lights and Cameras) • Adequate Horsepower • Manipulators (Valve Ops, Holding Tools, Grip, Connect and Disconnect lifting gear and connectors) • Sensing and communication capabilities • Positioning and “flying” capabilities (buoyancy modules, thrusting power) • Platform for operating hydraulically and electrically powered tools with proper communication and feedback systems.
- 23. ROV Subsystems and Main Components Topside Facilities And Systems Umbilical And Tether Management System (TMS) ROV Machine