The first lesson of the series on Nepal's public health status and challenges presented the structure, nature, and trends of Nepal's population. In this text, the population has been analyzed based on the Nepal Census 2021 and related materials. According to the study, there has been an improvement in the rate of using toilets in Nepal compared to the past. Currently, looking at the population structure of Nepal, the rate of earning people is better than the dependent rate. Currently, glancing at the population structure of Nepal, the rate of earning people is better than the dependent rate. But the demographic window is closing in 2047 as the working-age 15-64 age group begins to decline. Then, the number of dependents in the family will increase. As a result, a workforce shortened for more required for the country's development. Therefore, if the state does not involve the working age group in the country's development now, the country's future and the people's will be worrying. The population and public health disparity gap between villages, cities, provinces, or geographical regions should also be bridged.

1. Public Health in Nepal
Status and Challenges
Dr. Nawa Raj Subba
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2. Demographic Information
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Total Population
291,64,578
Female
1,49,11,027
(51.13%)
Male
1,42,53,551
(48.97%)
15-49 Yrs Female
28.3%
<5 Yrs Children
8.3%
> 60 Yrs
10.21%
Central Bureau of Statistics, Census Report 2021

3. Demographic Information
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Total Households
6,666,937
(increased from
1,239,635 since
2011)
Average Household Size
4.37
(decerased 0.57 since
2011)
Households living in
their own Housing
86%
(increased 0.74 since 2011)
Huseholds without Toilet
4.5%
(decreased from 33.67 since 2011)
Disability Rate
2.2%
(2.5% male and 2.0%
female )
Population Density
198/Sq KM
(increased 18 since 2011)
Central Bureau of Statistics, Census Report 2021

4. Population Pyramid 2021
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Central Bureau of Statistics, Census Report 2021

5. The trend of Total Fertility Rate
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6. The proportion of the population aged 65
and
older, 1950–2100
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7. Number of dependants per 100
people of
working age, 1950–2100
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8. Population growth rates by age group
and working status, 1975–2075
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9. Teenage Pregnancy (15-19 Yrs)
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• 14% of adolescent women pregnancy
• 8% of young women in Bagmati Province
• 21% of young women in Karnali Province.
• generally declines as household wealth increases
Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022

10. Impression
• Situation of Sanitation improvement
• Nepal is in the Demographic Window period (Opportunity)
• Health indicators disparity between Provinces
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