Data processing of astronomical imagery using big data structure like Apache spark.

1. PAPER REVIEW
NAME: ABDURRASHEED ALGHAZALEE OLUWASEGUN
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEOINFORMATIC
06/01/2024
MATRIC NO: 190405054
LECTURER: DR. HAMID MOSAKU
PROCESSING ASTRONOMY IMAGERY
USING BIG DATA TECHNOLOGY
ON

2. NAME OF JOURNAL: 2015 IEEE
International Conference on Big Data (Big
Data).
NAME OF PUBLISHER : IEEE Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
JOURNAL CITATION:
10.1109/bigdata.2015.7363840
JOURNAL TITLE: Scientific computing meets
big data technology: An astronomy use case.
Zhao Zhang (Universty of Californa, Berkeley).
Kyle Barbary ( Berkeley Center for Cosmoogical Physics and
the Berkeley Institute for
DataScience.)
Frank Austin Nothaft ( PhD Student in computer science at
UC Berkeley )
Evan Sparks: PhD Student in computer science at UC
Berkeley
Oliver Zahn: The Executive Director of Berkeley Center for
Cosmological Physics
Michael J. Franklin: Department of Computer Science at
University of Chicago.
David A. Patterson:Professor of Computer Science at UC
Berkeley.
Saul Perlmutter: Professor of physics at UC Berkeley.
AUTHORS

3. 1 — ABSTRCT
2 — PROBLEM STATEMENTS
3 — METHODOLOGY
4 — MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
6 — REWRITING THE PAPER
5 — CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER

4. Issues or Challenges Addressed:
The paper addresses the
substantial challenges arising from
dramatic increases in dataset sizes
across scientific disciplines,
including astronomy, genomics,
social sciences, and neuroscience.
This surge in data has become a
significant bottleneck for research,
particularly when utilizing programs
optimized for small datasets on
single-node workstations. To tackle
this bottleneck, researchers
commonly transition to distributed
processing frameworks, such as C
or Fortran programs, to enhance
processing capacity.
ABSTRACT
GOAL and AIM
The paper underscores the crucial need to adapt to these
evolving data processing demands, emphasizing the transition
from traditional single-node optimized programs to distributed
frameworks and the associated challenges in maintaining
efficiency and speed in scientific research.
METHODOLOGY
Instead of relying on traditional High-Performance Computing
(HPC) software stack tools, the study adopts Apache Spark, a
modern big data platform. The authors introduce Kira, a
flexible and distributed astronomy image processing toolkit
built on Apache Spark, and implement a Source Extractor
application (Kira SE) to serve as a use case.

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT
In a typical night sky survey produces 13 TB of data of
astronomical imagery processing such data has
become a major bottleneck for scientific research
especially in astronomy.
Over the planned 10-year project, the survey is
expected produce 60 PB of raw data, which will be
consolidated into a 15 PB catalog. This timely
processing requirement and the massive amount of
data provides a challenging throughput requirement
for the processing pipeline.
Make work in space work for you
1PETA BYTE(PB):
1,125,899,906,842,624 Bytes.
One quadrillion, one hundred twenty-
five trillion, eight hundred ninety-
nine billion, nine hundred six million,
eight hundred forty-two thousand, six
hundred twenty-four.
NOTE
4k movie is 100GB of data. This would mean
1 petabyte of storage could hold
11,000 4k

6. Utilizing Apache Spark in scientific
analysis pipelines for diverse
tasks especially astronomical
imagery processing, showcasing
its superiority compared to
conventional map-reduce
frameworks such as Google's
MapReduce and Apache Hadoop
MapReduce.
It acknowledges the flexibility
limitations and performance
issues of the map-reduce API,
emphasizing the need for second-
generation map-reduce execution
systems like Apache Spark.
METHODOLOGY

7. Lowlights
SINGLE MACHINE
PERFORMANCE
SCALE OUT PERFORMANCE
RESULT ANALYSIS

8. SCALE NUMBERS OF CORES PERFORMANCE ON ALL OTHER
CONFIGURATIONS

9. 1TB INPUT DATA SSD VS HDD

10. MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
The paper on the design and implementation of the Kira
astronomy image processing toolkit makes several notable
contributions, primarily focusing on computational
performance improvement, cost-efficient I/O operations,
and the provision of a flexible programming interface to
facilitate code reuse.

11. CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER
Notable areas for improvement.
Limited Discussion on Integration Challenges:
The paper falls short in addressing the challenges and trade-
offs encountered during the integration with Apache Spark,
particularly in the context of distributed file systems and
parallel processing. A more in-depth exploration of
integration complexities would offer valuable insights for
both researchers and practitioners, enhancing the paper's
overall contribution.
Wider Range of Audience Consideration:
The publication in an Astronomical Journal lacks
consideration for a broader audience. The terminologies,
lexicon, and structural aspects of word usage are not explicit
enough for public consumption. To broaden the appeal, the
paper should incorporate language and explanations
accessible to a wider audience without compromising the
depth of scientific content.
Limited Discussion on Flexibility and Code Reuse:
While highlighting the importance of a flexible
programming interface for code reuse, the paper
misses the opportunity to address ethical regulations
governing code reuse. Clarifying the permissibility
and ethical considerations in various locations or
areas would enhance the paper's completeness and
provide valuable guidance.
4) Lack of Quantitative Details and Real-Life Case
Studies:
The paper lacks quantitative details, especially in
comparing Kira's SE processing of data with a real-
life scientific data processing scenario. Including a
comprehensive case study that compares the toolkit's
performance in a real-world scientific data
processing context would strengthen the paper's
credibility and practical relevance.

12. REWRITING THE PAPER
I would have criticized its publication in an
Astronomical Journal for neglecting a
broader audience, with terminologies and
structure not explicit for public
understanding.
I would have emphasized the importance of
incorporating accessible language while
maintaining scientific depth.
I would have noted that the discussion on
flexibility and code reuse overlooked
ethical regulations, requiring clarification
on permissibility and ethical
considerations.
I would have highlighted that the paper
lacked quantitative details and real-life
case studies, necessitating a comparison
between Kira's SE data processing and
real-world scientific scenarios for
enhanced credibility and practical
relevance.

13. PAPER REVIEW
NAME: ABDURRASHEED ALGHAZALEE OLUWASEGUN
DEPARTMENT OF SURVEYING AND GEOINFORMATIC
06/01/2024
MATRIC NO: 190405054
LECTURER: DR. HAMID MOSAKU
QIBLA DIRECTION ACCURACY ANALYSIS
BASED ON ASTRONOMY (GOOGLE
EARTH), PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW
ON

14. NAME OF JOURNAL:
Journal of Islam and Science
NAME OF PUBLISHER :Institute of Research
and Community Services (LP2M)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
JOURNAL CITATION:
https://doi.org/10.24252/jis.v9i1.30111
JOURNAL TITLE: QIBLA DIRECTION
ACCURACY ANALYSIS BASED ON
ASTRONOMY (GOOGLE EARTH),
PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW
Sri Wahyuni
Samsuddin
Ekawati Hamzah
AUTHORS

15. 1 — ABSTRCT
2 — PROBLEM STATEMENTS
3 — METHODOLOGY
4 — MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
6 — REWRITING THE PAPER
5 — CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER

16. The study focuses on assessing
the accuracy of determining the
Qibla direction in mosques within
Tanete Riattang and Tanete
Riattang Barat Districts
ABSTRACT
The goal is to evaluate the
precision of Qibla direction
measured through astronomy
(Google Earth) and examine
Islamic law perspectives on
this measurement.
The methodology involves a qualitative approach,
incorporating expert opinions and descriptive
qualitative data analysis. Results indicate that
using Google Earth is relatively easy, highly
accurate, and efficient for determining Qibla
direction, in contrast to less accurate methods
such as compasses and the sun's shadow.

17. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The problem addressed in this article revolves around the discrepancy
in determining the Qibla direction in mosques, particularly in Bone
Regency, Indonesia. The conflict arises between traditional beliefs,
often rooted in cultural customs and previous measurements by
revered scholars, and the scientific approach based on astronomy. The
resistance to change, influenced by cultural norms and reluctance to
adopt scientific advancements, results in significant deviations from
the accurate Qibla direction in many mosques, particularly in Bone
Regency.

18. The methodology employed in measuring the Qibla direction of four mosques in Bone
Regency involves using the Google Earth application. The selected sample includes Al
Mujahidin Old Mosque, Al Markas Al Ma’arif Mosque, Bone Grand Mosque, and Al
Rizkullah Mosque (Biru Islamic Boarding School). The study relies on observations
and accuracy assessments of each mosque's Qibla direction based on the Google
Earth software.
Each mosque's historical background, construction details, and significance are
provided to contextualize the findings. The results indicate deviations in Qibla
direction for three out of the four mosques, emphasizing the need for accurate
determination to align with Saudi Arabia. The methodology includes visual overviews
of the Qibla direction for each mosque, facilitating a comprehensive assessment of the
accuracy of their orientations.
METHODOLOGY

19. DEVIATE TO THE WEST
DIRECTION
DEVIATE TO THE EASTWEST
DIRECTION
RESULT ANALYSIS

20. DEVIATES TO THE WEST-NORTH
DIRECTION
EXACTLY IN THE DIRECTION
RESULT ANALYSIS

21. MAJOR CONTRIBUTION
The major contribution of the article is highlighting
Google Earth as an accessible and weather-independent
tool for calibrating the Qibla direction. Emphasizing its
ease of use, flexibility, and applicability, the article
suggests that Google Earth serves as a practical
alternative for Muslims to accurately determine the Qibla
direction without the need for in-depth knowledge of
astronomy.

22. CRITIQUE OF THE PAPER
Notable areas for improvement.
Firstly, the methodology lacks a clear explanation of how the Qibla direction was
determined for each mosque, particularly in terms of the Google Earth
application's settings or parameters used.
This lack of detail like to what degrees of deviation affects the transparency and
replicability of the study. Additionally, while historical and architectural
information is provided for each mosque, the relevance of such details to the
Qibla deviation is not established, leading to an inconsistency in the paper's
focus.
Moreover, the conclusion stating that deviations of approximately 2 degrees can
be tolerated lacks clarification on what criteria are considered for tolerance,
introducing ambiguity. Overall, addressing these gaps would enhance the paper's
methodological rigor and clarity.

23. REWRITING THE PAPER
I would have improved the paper by
offering a clearer explanation of how the
Qibla direction was determined for each
mosque, specifying the settings or
parameters utilized in the Google Earth
application. This detail is crucial for
ensuring transparency and facilitating the
replication of the study.
I would have established the relevance of
historical and architectural information to
the Qibla deviation, addressing the
inconsistency in the paper's focus.
Furthermore, I would have sought
clarification on the criteria for tolerating
deviations of approximately 2 degrees,
eliminating ambiguity in the conclusion.
Addressing these gaps could enhance the
paper's methodological rigor and overall
clarity.

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