2. STEAM TURBINE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
SAAD DAHLAB UNIVERSITY OF BLIDA 1
FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICS DEPARTMENT
This presentation was made by :
Hamrit Sami
Benfares Mohamed
2023/2024
Copyright 2024 Saad Dahled Blida 01
5. The steam turbine is a turbo-machine designed to convert the thermal potential energy of a
steam into rotational kinetic energy , which can be utilized to drive a generator or other
machines , respectively acting as power generation or mechanical Drive.
team thermal potential energy Rotational mechanical energy
The history of the steam turbine began in the 19th century with the inventive mind of Sir Charles
Parsons. In 1884, Parsons developed the first practical steam turbine, a device that transforms
steam energy into mechanical power. This breakthrough marked a significant departure from
traditional piston engines, offering more efficiency and reliability. The steam turbine's design
involves a rotor with blades that spin when steam is directed onto them. This rotational motion
can be harnessed to generate electricity or power various machinery. Over the years, steam
turbines have played a crucial role in industrial and power generation applications, contributing
to the advancement of technology and the modernization of various sectors.
6. Steam Turbines
POWER GENERATION APPLICATION
Driven : electric generation
MECHANICAL DRIVE APPLICATION
Driven : compressor or pump
Industrial power generation Oil and Gas
9. Before we continue our presentation we should know
that our story begins with a fundamental force of nature
which is the steam. From its humble origins to its
transformative role in powering civilizations, steam has
played a pivotal role throughout history. Today, we'll
delve into how harnessing the power of steam has
evolved into a sophisticated and efficient process through
the incredible machinery known as steam turbines.
11. Thermal cycle
In simple terms, a steam turbine works by using
a heat source (gas, coal, nuclear, solar) to heat
water to extremely high temperatures until it is
converted into steam. As that steam flows past a
turbine’s spinning blades, the steam expands
and cools.
12.
13. The Rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle describing the
process by which certain heat engines, such as steam turbines or
reciprocating steam engines, allow mechanical work to be extracted
from a fluid as it moves between a heat source and heat sink. The
Rankine cycle is named after William John Macquorn Rankine, a
Scottish polymath professor at Glasgow University.
Heat energy is supplied to the system via a boiler where the working
fluid (typically water) is converted to a high pressure gaseous state
(steam) in order to turn a turbine. After passing over the turbine the
fluid is allowed to condense back into a liquid state as waste heat energy
is rejected before being returned to boiler, completing the cycle. Friction
losses throughout the system are often neglected for the purpose of
simplifying calculations as such losses are usually much less significant
than thermodynamic losses, especially in larger systems.
Rankine cycle
14. Name Summary Explanation
Process 1–2
Isentropic compression The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. As the fluid is a
liquid at this stage, the pump requires little input energy.
Process 2–3
Constant pressure heat
addition in boiler
The high-pressure liquid enters a boiler, where it is heated at constant
pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapour. The
input energy required can be easily calculated graphically, using
an enthalpy–entropy chart (h–s chart, or Mollier diagram), or numerically,
using steam tables or software.
Process 3–4
Isentropic expansion The dry saturated vapour expands through a turbine, generating power.
This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapour, and some
condensation may occur. The output in this process can be easily
calculated using the chart or tables noted above.
Process 4–1
Constant pressure heat
rejection in condense
The wet vapour then enters a condenser, where it is condensed at a
constant pressure to become a saturated liquid.
17. Turbine unit design
Florence Steam Turbine Architecture
Pedestals , External and Internal Casings
Turbine Rotor Standardization
Blades
3D animation of a Steam Turbine
32. Conclusion
In conclusion, steam turbines play a pivotal role in the
generation of electricity, providing a reliable and efficient
means of converting thermal energy into mechanical power.
From their early development to modern applications, steam
turbines have evolved to meet the growing demands of power
generation. Their versatility, scalability, and sustainability make
them integral components of power plants worldwide. As we
continue to explore innovative technologies, steam turbines
remain a cornerstone in the quest for cleaner and more
efficient energy solutions.
