PREHISTORIC ERA (UNTIL C. 3300 BCE) This Period has been categorized into 3 Stages 1: Stone Age 2: Bronze Age 3: Iron Age 1) The Stone Age: Facts about the Stone Age: Stone Age tools: Food from the Stone Age: Wars of the Stone Age: Art of the Stone Age: When did the Stone Age begin? There are three significant historical eras in human civilization: • Paleolithic Period • Mesolithic Period • Neolithic Period 2) The Bronze Age: Bronze Age Tools: Civilizations of the Bronze Age: China's Bronze Age: Greek Bronze Age: The collapse of the Bronze Age: 3) The Iron Age: When did the Iron Age begin? Empire of Persia: Iron Age in Europe: Conclusion: It is the most exciting thing to discover about a man and his history. How the earth originated and its life is no doubt a myth. However, the first step is always to explore our planet and earth as it has given life to multiple creatures. Hundreds of millions of years ago the earth was formed as a red hot ball. It was full of clouds of gases. The temperature was too hot and it took millions of trillions of years to cool it down. Mountains and seas became appeared. The first life originated in water as Algae. Algae multiplied and turned into countless lives in water. Many historians believe that life started with apes. But life started after the ice age. The ice age was experienced when the temperature of the earth cooled down enough and everything even every creature on the planet became frozen. The life disappeared. Our world observed four ice ages until now. After this age, the earliest man appeared as Java Man and Peking in Heidelberg. Also in the Neanderthal valley of Germany, the men appeared. And life started. The old stone age is divided into Paleolithic and Neolithic man. The former was active in making different tools for living. They made a fist hatchet the spear. The man searched for their food in jungles and hunted animals for their food. Soon the Neanderthal man became disappeared and Cro magnon appeared as a new man. This man can be described as belonging to our species, homo sapiens. New stone is known as a new era in the life of man. Instead of searching for food, the man learned the art of producing food. They were found in Switzerland, Italy, and France. All of them were settled on the banks of the river. Neolithic men were more creative in producing crafts. They knew the art of making things with wood, painting, decorating the pots, using different tools, and singing mad dancing. They also introduced the barter system which still prevailed in some parts of the world. Simultaneously, Asian men found copper and some other metals. They discovered a hard metal which is called Bronze. The discovery spread all around the world. Afterward, the use of iron was also introduced by these men. References:

3. HISTORY OF SOUTH ASIA
SEMESTER 2
Submitted By:
Abdul-Rehman Farooq (4975)
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal (4943)
Junaid Tanveer (4977)
MD Babar (4969)
Iqbal Khan (4913)
Submitted To:
Mam Lubna Akram

4. PREHISTORIC ERA
(UNTIL C. 3300 BCE)

5. BIG BANG THEORY, STRING THEORY:
Big bang theory, String theory: There
are several question which come in
our mind when we thought “how and
when the universe is created”? This
question make us enable to expand
our thoughts and gathered the theory
of past to understand the fact of
creation of the universe.

6. There are different theories based on the creation of world.
We can easily learned it as the universe is too much large so
therefore it does not took a mini time to be created. There are
thousands of theories but the latest theory is big band theory
also known as string theory. String theory was basically a 6
dimensional theory which was broken into 3 spatial
dimension by the process of” Symmetry-breaking event”.
Big band theory is the expansion of universe. Many theories
in astronomy and physics explained that in start there was
nothing but during and after that movement there is
something called universe. The Big band theory is the effort
of explanation from what happened before and after that
movement. In 1920, Edwin Hubble provide an evidence that
the universe has expanding. According to his theory the
galaxies move further and further apart as well as the
galaxies are also expanding with respect to their mass. The
distance with the galaxies are expending from time to time.
The development of the universe is divided into several
stages.

7. According to I.H. Qurashi, Only six thousand year ago man invented the art of writing and
tell the fact of human history. About 1500 B.C when we hear of Aryans chanting their vedic
hymns. The Aryans left their signs symptoms and other important clues of living standard
in the form of arts written on large rocks. At start peoples live in the form of illiterate
peoples in villages but from time to time they become literate and this step of conversion
from illiterate to literate becomes a prehistory.
Language families:
Language is the main thing that describe the difference of families. Different languages
are classified in groups and classes on the basis of common words in them. Thus we have
semiotic, indo Aryans and Dravidian families etc. In Pakistan the major language is indo
Aryan which include Urdu, Bengali, Pashto and Punjabi
REVIEW:
Prehistory

8. Race of man:
Racism is the main thing that describe the
difference among different species. From
different languages arose the concepts of race
like indo Aryans, Davidians etc. Racism
eventually differentiate the blood
relationship. Racism help in finding the
prehistory of a family.
Man the tool maker:
Man is the most powerful species in the
universe rather it was physically weaker but
had power to create each and every tool of the
universe. Man thinking power was too much
high that it handle every species of universe.

9. Man the hunter:
Food chain is created for the easiness to
detect every species. First the man uses
stick to defend himself against animal but
with development man created different
tools to handle animals. At first man
deliberately began to spilt pebbles or
fashion stick for his use. He wanted a stone
with a sharp enough edge to wound the
animal. It was to the preparation of the
cutting edge that all efforts of man were
devoted in the beginning.

10. The Stone Age:
This era was the longest era of the historic peoples.
The era is called Stone Age as most of the things are
created using stones. The early people use stone in
forming their tools to fight against animals, their
houses are created with large stones. These early
peoples basically hits the large animals which are large
in size and walk slowly like elephant, rhinoceros, and
bulls that could stand severe cold. The glaciers cool
down and effect both animals and humans. So this era
is also called glacial age. The humans at that time lives
in the forms of groups and form a powerful community
they are creating more powerful tools for their savage.
They knew the art of speaking and art of making fire.
They believe in some sort of magic and ancestor
worships, and finally had an inborn artistic sense now
attested to by many cave paintings.

11. Soan Culture:
Their culture depends upon the power of tools. They enjoyed different festivals by
making a huge circle dancing in a row and by barking loudly. Throughout this period
the pebble character of the tools was retained, and generally three types are
recognized_ chopper, chopping tools and scrapers, but the axe and cleaver had their
own place. This was the earliest culture and standard of their living.

12. Man of the cave dweller:
At the first stage people lives under bushes and in open air but by time to time they
start to occupy caves by removing out the animals out of the cave. Such caves are
found in the Hazara district and along the Paja hills in the Peshwar region. One such
cage at Sanghao in Mardan district has produced a rich deposit of quartz flake tools
with animals bones burnt in oven and then cracked for eating. Such cave dweller are
known to have lived in Afghanistan, Iran and Western Asia. This period we called the
middle stone age.

13. Man of the Archer:
About twenty thousand year ago the glacial age came to an end and the modern
climatic condition set in. Grass grew in the savannas and on the hill slope. Animals
like the swift running deer and the antelope roamed in the grassland. Now the people
start to use smart tools for hunting such as knifes, arrows etc. The people become
more and more intellectual. It was very easy for them to fight against the animals. In
Europe the period is called Mesolithic but in Pakistan these peoples are not to be
identified.

14. Humans are weak physically than other animals but with the use of intelligence,
humans become powerful than animals. Humans start hunting to animals for their
food with different types of tools like stone and metals tools. With these tools, they
can easily hunt slow and faster animals. After different reforms and with passage of
time, humans started produce surplus food which is enough to fulfill their needs and
they can easily feed to others. Surplus produce introduce the element of sovereignty
in humans. They started rule over others. Families converted in tribes. Tribes into
villages and villages into cities of kingdom. There is element of servant also came
with beginning of wars to capture on others resources. With passage of time, humans
became more familiar with metals like bronze, iron, gold, and other solid metals. They
started development in their tools to work more efficiently.
Conclusion:

15. REFERENCES
1. An advance history of India
2. Short history of Pakistan
3. Big bang theory
4. String theory
5. Some references took form Google and YouTube.

16. THANK YOU
ALLAH HAFIZ