practical pharmacognosy: clove

1. Dr. Mahmoud Sallam
Assistant lecturer of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University -
Cairo.
Pre-lab. 2
FLOWERS
Myrtaceae (Clove)

2. - 2
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4. Clove ‫القرنفل‬

5. Clove
(F. Myrtaceae)
The dried flower buds of Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
Origin
‫القرنفل‬

6. Clove
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
Morphology

7. Clove
Morphology
(Elongated Lower part): It is
cylindrical, 4-sided, showing a
central zone called columella
surrounded by dark lacunous
layer
(spherical head): 4 rounded,
unexpanded, dome-shaped,
enclosing stamens.
4 thick divergent, triangular
sepals.
Stamens curved inwards; the
filaments are united in 4 gps.
(i.e. Tetradelphous).
Consists of a stiff slender style
and two-celled bilocular inferior
ovary with numerous ovules
attached to axial placenta.
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
• Externally: wrinkled, indented by fingernail exudes V. O.

8. Clove
Morphology
(Elongated Lower part): It is
cylindrical, 4-sided, showing a
central zone called columella
surrounded by dark lacunous
layer
(spherical head): 4 rounded,
unexpanded, dome-shaped,
enclosing stamens.
4 thick divergent, triangular
sepals.
Stamens curved inwards; the
filaments are united in 4 gps.
(i.e. Tetradelphous).
Consists of a stiff slender style
and two-celled bilocular inferior
ovary with numerous ovules
attached to axial placenta.
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
• Externally: wrinkled, indented by fingernail exudes V. O.

9. Clove
T.S.
T.S below Ovary Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
1. Epidermis
2. Parenchyma
(Oil glands)
3. Col. Layer
(V.B).
(Cluster Ca. Ox).
T.S in Ovary

10. Clove
T.S.
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
????????

11. Clove
Powder
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
• Color: Bright reddish-brown.
• Odor: strong characteristic aromatic.
• Taste: pungent spicy taste followed by slight numbness.
• It characterized by:
1. Fragment of parenchyma and collenchyma with
cluster crystals of ca-ox.
2. Numerous triangular pollen grains.
3. Few anomocytic stomata.
Eugeniacaryophyllus

12. Clove
Constituents
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
1. 15-20% Volatile oil, containing:
- Eugenol (90-90%),
- Acetyl Eugenol (3%),
- a, b, g-Caryophyllenes (8.5%), Clovene, Isoclovene.
2. Tannins (Gallotannic acid, 13%).
Uses
 Aromatic stimulant, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Spice,
Toothache, Antiseptic, Preparation of Vanillin.

13. Clove
Chemical tests
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
1. Histochemical test:
Red color with Sudan III (Volatile oil).
2. Chemical test:
Blue color with FeCl3 (Gallotannic acid).

14. Clove
Collection
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
Adulteration
 The flower buds are collected when their lower part
turns from green to crimson.
A. Clove Stalk.
B. Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C. Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D. Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).

15. Clove
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
Adulteration
A. Clove Stalk.
B. Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C. Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D. Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
✓ Isodiametric thick-walled sclereids
✓ Prisms of ca-ox
✓ Starch granules

16. Clove
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
A. Clove Stalk.
B. Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C. Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D. Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
Adulteration

17. Clove
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
A. Clove Stalk.
B. Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C. Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D. Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
Adulteration
✓ Much less volatile oil.
✓ Abundant starch granules

18. Clove
Eugeniaaromatica
Syzygiumaromaticum
Eugeniacaryophyllus
B. Blown cloves
(expanded flowers, the buds open and the petals fall).
C. Mother Cloves (the ripe fruits).
D. Exhausted cloves (most of the oil has been removed by
distillation).
Adulteration
Bright reddish-brown
(sink)
Darker in color
(Floats)

19. Teach me “What” and I’ll “forget”..
Teach me “How” and I’ll “Remember”..
Teach me “Why” and I’ll “Learn”..