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P_LaRue_ENGR270_B06_202420_INTERNAL_COMBUSTION_ENGINE 11 FEB 24.pptx
- 1. THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE An Introduction to the world of Engines By SSG LaRue, Preston 09 FEB 2024
- 2. Internal Combustion Engine • An innovative propulsion system operates by burning gasoline, oil, or alternative fuels in combination with air within the engine. The resultant high-temperature gases are strategically utilized to drive a piston, effectively generating motive power. This dynamic process not only propels the engine but also performs various tasks as the gases expand, showcasing the efficiency and versatility of combustion-powered technology. • Lets see how it works
- 3. General working principle Heat Electricity Wind Water / Steam Convert to mechanical energy Fuel Air Air/Fuel mixture Intake stroke Compression stroke Ignition Combustion stroke Internal Combustion
- 4. 4 – Stroke working cycle Piston Crankshaft 1. Intake 2. Compression 3. Ignition/ Combustion 4. Exhaust
- 5. Working Principle Number of cylinders Array style of cylinders Arrangement on vehicle Gasoline Engine - Spark Ignition Engine Diesel Engine -Compression Ignition Engine Engine classification Front Engine Front Drive Front Engine Rear Drive Mid Engine Rear Drive Rear Engine Rear Drive In line cylinder engine V- engine Opposed cylinder engine 4- cylinder engine 6- cylinder engine Lengthwise Transverse Cooling Water cooled Air cooled Stroke – cycle operation Four stroke Two stroke Valve mechanism Overhead Camshaft (OHC) design Overhead Valve (OHV) design
- 6. General engine requirements Quiet Serviceability Compact and Light Low Emission Good Response
- 7. Engine components, overview Crankcase Ventilation Cooling System Cylinder Head Camshaft Intake Manifold Intake port Valve Oil pan Crankshaft Flywheel Lash adjuster Oil pump and strainer Connecting Rod Cylinder liner Crankcase Piston Exhaust port Rocker arm Piston pin Exhaust
- 8. Cylinder Block • The main functions of the cylinder block are: • Maintaining the engine's stability and lubrication. • Transferring oil to all parts of the engine, lubricating all the critical components, via a number of oil galleries.
- 9. Piston • In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod.
- 10. Connecting Rod • A connecting rod is an engine component that transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft and functions as a lever arm.
- 11. Crankshaft • The crankshaft is a moving part of the internal combustion engine (ICE). It's main function is to transform the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion.
- 12. Flywheel • Functions of Flywheel • Maintain a rotating mass to assist the engine rotation and provide a more consistent delivery of torque during running. • Provide a ring gear for the starter motor to engage on. • Provide one of the driving friction surfaces for the friction disc.
- 13. Cylinder Head • Cylinder head is usually located on the top of the cylinder block. • It serves as a housing for components such as the intake and exhaust valves, springs and lifters and the combustion chamber.
- 14. Intake and Exhaust Valves • The main function of the engine valves is to let air in and out of the cylinders. That air is used to help ignite the fuel which will drive the pistons up and down.
- 15. Intake and exhaust valves Small Intake valve, reduced intake air Large Intake valve, increased intake air Exhaust valves Intake valves Valve size Valve guide Spring Valve stem seal Valve stem Valve seat Valve disk Valve face Wide Narrow Variable pitch spring Double spring Inner springOuter spring
- 16. Camshaft • A camshaft on an internal combustion heat engine is a device that controls both the input of fuel and the expulsion of exhaust fumes.
- 17. Rocker Arm • Oscillating lever that conveys radial movement from the cam lobe into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it.
- 18. Clearance/Allowance • The distance between the adjacent surfaces of mating parts. • The distance between to moving parts.
- 20. Purpose of Valve Clearance • Heat produced in the engine causes internal engine components to expand and contract. • As the engine heats up, proper valve clearance is essential for optimal performance.
- 21. • Engines are made of many different materials and metals. • Each material expands at a different rate and each engine component is subjected to different levels of heat. • Manufacturers design engines to have space between components so that the various components can rotate and function.
- 22. References • Army Publishing Directorate. (n.d.). https://armypubs.army.mil/ProductMaps/PubForm/Details_Printer.aspx?PUB_ID=10403 • ITEH Standards. (n.d.). iTeh Standards. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/39910275-ad26-4630-8a62- %2047d6b25b8453/iso-15550-2016 • Davis, M. (2023, October 5). Flathead Ford V-8 Engine Guide: Everything you need to know. MotorTrend. https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/flathead-ford-engine-guide/ • https://rumble.com/v4cu9ub-internal-combustion-engine.html
- 23. QUESTIONS
Editor's Notes
- Title: An Introduction to the World of Engines Introduction: Welcome to the captivating realm of engines, where power, precision, and innovation converge to drive our modern world forward. In this exploration, we embark on a journey that unveils the intricate mechanisms behind the heartbeat of machinery, guided by the expertise of SSG LaRue, Preston. Engines are the silent yet formidable force propelling our vehicles, industries, and technological advancements. From the roar of a high-performance sports car to the hum of a jet engine soaring through the skies, the diverse array of engines shapes the landscapes of our daily lives in profound ways. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin the functionality of engines, unraveling the mysteries of combustion, propulsion, and energy conversion. Through SSG LaRue's insightful perspective, we gain a deeper understanding of the engineering marvels that enable these mechanical marvels to operate with remarkable efficiency and reliability. Whether you're an aspiring engineer, a curious enthusiast, or simply someone intrigued by the marvels of modern technology, this introduction promises to ignite your curiosity and expand your knowledge of the captivating world of engines. So, fasten your seatbelts and prepare to embark on an exhilarating journey through the heart and soul of mechanical innovation.
- The Internal Combustion Engine started in the 19th Century and was at the height of the industrial revolution when the Titans of the 19th century capitalized on its benefits such as Henry Ford inventing the Ford Model T and went on to design the Flathead V-8. Title: Revolutionizing Propulsion: Harnessing the Power of Combustion Introduction - Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, to today's presentation on revolutionizing propulsion through innovative combustion technology. Slide 2: The Essence of Innovation - In our quest for progress, we've developed an innovative propulsion system that promises to redefine the way we think about power generation. Slide 3: The Core Principle - At the heart of our system lies the combustion of gasoline, oil, or alternative fuels combined with air within the engine. Slide 4: Driving Force - The high-temperature gases produced from combustion are strategically harnessed to drive a piston, thus generating the motive power required for propulsion. Slide 5: Efficiency Unleashed - Through this dynamic process, not only do we propel the engine forward, but we also harness the expanding gases to perform various tasks, showcasing the unparalleled efficiency of our combustion-powered technology. Slide 6: Versatility in Action - From powering vehicles to driving machinery, our propulsion system demonstrates unparalleled versatility, adapting seamlessly to a multitude of applications. Slide 7: Conclusion - In conclusion, our innovative propulsion system represents a significant leap forward in the realm of combustion technology, promising efficiency, versatility, and unmatched performance. Slide 8: Thank You - Thank you for your attention. Are there any questions?
- Understanding the Working Principle of the engine Understanding the term internal combustion Understanding the term external combustion
- Understanding the Diesel 4-Stroke Working Cycle Understanding the term self ignition engine Understanding the pressures inside the combustion chamber
- Understanding the Engine classification
- Understanding the Engine requirements
- Understanding the engine components
- Slide Notes: - Cylinder Block Functions: - Stability and Lubrication: - Maintains engine stability. - Facilitates lubrication. - Oil Distribution: - Transfers oil to all engine parts. - Lubricates critical components through oil galleries.
- Slide Notes: - Engine Functionality: - Objective: Transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft. - Mechanism: Achieved through a piston rod and/or connecting rod.
- A connecting rod serves as a crucial engine component, linking the motion from the piston to the crankshaft. It acts as a lever arm in this process, facilitating the transfer of motion and power within the engine mechanism.
- The crankshaft, a vital component of the internal combustion engine (ICE), is in constant motion. Its primary purpose is to convert the linear motion generated by the piston into rotational motion.
- The functions of the flywheel are crucial: - It maintains a rotating mass, aiding engine rotation and ensuring a consistent delivery of torque during operation. - It serves as a ring gear engagement point for the starter motor. - Additionally, it acts as one of the driving friction surfaces for the friction disc.
- The cylinder head typically sits atop the cylinder block. It functions as a housing for various components, including the intake and exhaust valves, springs, lifters, and the combustion chamber.
- Brief speaking points: - Engine valves primarily regulate the flow of air in and out of the cylinders. - This air is essential for igniting the fuel, which powers the pistons' movement. - In essence, engine valves facilitate the combustion process by controlling air intake and exhaust.
- Understanding the purpose of and construction of the Intake and Exhaust Valve Understanding the purpose and types of valve springs
- In an internal combustion engine, the camshaft serves as the mechanism responsible for regulating both fuel intake and exhaust fume expulsion.
- An oscillating lever that transforms radial motion from the cam lobe into linear movement at the poppet valve to open it.
- Valve Clearance and Allowance: Valve clearance refers to the space or gap between the valve stem and the rocker arm or camshaft. It's crucial for ensuring proper engine performance and longevity. - **Purpose:** - Allows for thermal expansion and contraction. - Prevents valves from sticking or overheating. - Ensures proper valve seating. - **Adjustment:** - Regular maintenance is required to check and adjust valve clearance. - Adjustments are typically made by adjusting the rocker arm or camshaft. Distance Between Adjacent Surfaces of Mating Parts: This distance refers to the gap or clearance between two surfaces that come into contact during operation. - **Importance:** - Prevents friction and wear between mating parts. - Allows for thermal expansion and contraction. - Ensures proper functioning and longevity of the components. - **Maintenance:** - Regular inspection and lubrication are essential to maintain proper clearance. - Adjustments or replacements may be necessary if clearance becomes excessive or insufficient. In summary, valve clearance and allowance play critical roles in ensuring smooth operation and longevity of engine components by allowing for thermal expansion, preventing friction, and maintaining proper functioning of moving parts. Regular maintenance and inspection are key to ensuring optimal performance and minimizing wear and tear.
- The purpose of valve clearance lies in its crucial role in maintaining optimal engine performance, especially under the conditions of heat expansion and contraction. - **Heat Expansion and Contraction:** - Heat generated within the engine during operation causes internal components to expand. - Conversely, when the engine cools down, these components contract. - This thermal cycling is a natural consequence of combustion and engine operation. - **Significance of Valve Clearance:** - Proper valve clearance becomes essential as the engine heats up. - Without adequate clearance, the expanding components, such as the valves and their mating parts, can bind or stick. - Conversely, excessive clearance can lead to noise, reduced engine performance, or even valve damage. - **Optimal Performance:** - Maintaining the correct valve clearance ensures that the valves can fully open and close as needed during the engine's operation. - This allows for efficient airflow and fuel mixture intake into the combustion chamber and effective expulsion of exhaust gases. In essence, valve clearance serves as a critical factor in ensuring that the engine operates smoothly and efficiently, even in the face of thermal expansion and contraction. It is through this careful calibration that the engine can deliver its intended performance consistently and reliably.