Exploring the Difference and Justification of Models, Frames of Reference, and Approaches in Occupational Therapy Practice. The need of these aspects in comprehensive client-centered care.
2. Theories
Healthcare professionals use theory to guide their practice.
Theories are predictions of what will occur under certain
circumstances.
When people hear the word ‘‘theory,’’ they tend to think of
something that is complex, esoteric, difficult to understand, and
completely impractical.
For e.g.- Sensory Integration Theory, Theory of Occupational
Adaptation, Theory of Occupational Reconstructions
3. Model
Model provides structure and assists occupational therapists to
produce proper, profession-specific, scientifically-based
intervention.
For e.g.
Biomechanical Model
Rehabilitation Model
Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
4. Frames of
Reference
A frame of reference uses pieces of one or more theories and makes
them practical and useful.
On the basis of one or more theories, a frame of reference is an
accepted structure for organizing theoretical material and translating
information into practice.
The scaffolding of a frame of reference organizes theoretical
material needed for problem identification and solution in
occupational therapy service delivery.
For Eg- Biomechanical FOR, Sensory Integration FOR,
Rehabilitation FOR
5. Application of
Theory and
Frame of
Reference
Before learning about the usefulness of frames of reference, it is
critical to have a basic understanding of theory.
The purpose of a theory is to inform the theorist’s intentions and the
use of theory refers to how professionals actually put the theory into
practice.
Sometimes theory is not complex: people develop simple theories
all the time.
6. Function–
dysfunction
continua
Function–dysfunction continua, clearly identifies those areas of
function with which the frame of reference is concerned.
After reading a theoretical base, a person should be able to identify
the specific areas of performance important to an individual's skills
and abilities.
Each function–dysfunction continuum covers one area of
performance important to the particular frame of reference.
7. Approaches
Occupational therapy treatment approaches are based on the
occupational therapy frames of reference or frameworks.
The frameworks guide therapists in the evaluation and treatment of
a patient.
The occupational therapy planning and focus revolve around the
performance area, performance components, and performance
contexts.
For e.g. – Neurodeveplomental Approach, Roods Approach etc.
8.
9. Client-
centeredCare
• Client- Centered practice is defined as a partnership between the
client and therapist that empowers a client to fulfil his/her
occupational roles in a variety of environments.
• To Understanding the client's goals and values.
• Provides Tailoring interventions to individual needs.
• Client centered therapy, or person centered therapy, is a non-
directive approach to other therapy.