Information Technology (IT) refers to the use of computer systems, networks, and software applications to store, process, transmit, and retrieve information. It encompasses a wide range of technologies, including hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. IT plays a crucial role in various industries, facilitating communication, data management, and automation to enhance efficiency and decision-making processes. Key areas within IT include cybersecurity, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and software development.
3. Input Devices
• A piece of equipment/hardware that
helps us enter the data into the
computer is called the input devices .
Examples are as follows :-
1. Keyboard – It is an essential input
devices. Computer and laptop both
use keyboard to give command to
computer . This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
4. 2. Mouse – It is also known as pointing device . It comprise of 3 buttons and one
trackball at the top which helps in selecting and moving the mouse around
respectively.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
3. Scanner – This device can scan image or text and convert it into a digital
signal .
5. Output Devices
• A piece of equipment /hardware which
gives out the result of entered data once
it is processed (converts machine
language into human understandable
language) is called output device .
Examples are as follows :-
1. Printer – a device which makes a copy
of pictorial or textual content usually
over a paper is known as printer
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
6. 2. Projector – If a projector is connected to a computer , then the image/video
displayed on the screen is the same as the one displayed on the computer .
3. Speaker – Speakers are attached with computer system and are also a
hardware device which can be attached separately .
7. Hardware
• Hardware refers to the physical element that
makes up a computer or electronic system
and everything else involved that is
physically tangible .
• This includes monitor , hard drive , memory
etc.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
8. Software
• Software is a set of programs which is designed to perform a well- defined
function . Software is the language of a computer .
• This includes internet browser , video editor , photo editor .
9. Compiler
• Compiler is a computer program that
translates computer code written in
one programming language ( the source
language ) into another programming
language ( the target language) . The
compiler name is primarily used for
programs that translates source code
from a high-level programming
language to a lower-level language .
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
10. Interpreter
• Interpreter is a program that directly executes the
instructions in a high-level language without converting it
into machine code .
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
11. Assembler
• Assembler is a type of program
that interprets software program
written in assembly language into
machine language and
instructions that can be executed
by a computer .
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
12. Difference between compiler and interpreter
COMPILER
Compiler is a computer program that translates
computer code written in one programming language
into another programming language .
INTERPRETER
Interpreter is a program that directly executes the
instructions in a high-level language without
converting it into machine code .
13. Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
• Graphical user interface is an
interface that uses icons or other
visual indicators to interact with
electronic device rather than only
text via command line .
• For example – all versions of
Microsoft windows is a GUI ,
whereas MS-DOS is a command
line
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
