Modal ppt in English b. H.

1. TOPIC: MODALS
Submitted To :-
DR. Arti Puri
Submitted By :-
Tannu Rajoria

2. Introduction to Modals
What are Modals?
Modals are a special type of verb that is used to express
ability, possibility, permission, obligation, and advice. They
are auxiliary verbs, meaning they are used in combination
with other verbs to convey additional meaning. Unlike
regular verbs, modals do not have tenses or change their
form to agree with the subject.

3. Functions of Modals:
Expressing Ability: Modals indicate whether someone
is capable of performing an action or achieving
something.
Expressing Possibility: Modals suggest the likelihood
or probability of an event occurring.
Expressing Permission: Modals grant or seek
authorization to do something.
Expressing Obligation: Modals indicate a sense of
duty, necessity, or expectation.
Expressing Advice: Modals provide recommendations
or suggestions for action.

4. Modals for Ability
Can: Used to express ability or possibility in the present or
future.
Example: I can speak three languages.
Could: Used to express ability in the past or to make a polite
request.
Example: Could you please pass the salt?
May: Used to express possibility or permission in the present
or future.
Example: The flight may be delayed due to weather
conditions.

5. Might: Used to express a possibility that is less
likely than if "may" were used.
Example: I might go to the concert if I have time.
Be able to: Used to express ability in general or
in a specific situation.
Example: I am not able to swim very well.

6. Modals for Permission
Can: Used to ask for or give permission in a general or
informal context.
Example: Can I borrow your book?
Could: Used to ask for permission in a more polite way,
often in formal situations.
Example: Could I speak to the manager, please?
May: Used to ask for or give permission, especially in
formal or polite requests.
Example: May I leave early today?

7. Might: Not commonly used to ask for permission
directly, but can be used to express uncertainty about
receiving permission.
Example: I might be able to come to the party, but I'm
not sure if I have permission.
Be allowed to: Used to express permission that has
been granted by someone else.
Example: I am not allowed to use my phone in class.

8. Modals for Obligation
Must: Used to express strong obligation or necessity.
Example: You must study for your exam if you want to
pass.
Have to: Used to express a general obligation or
necessity.
Example: I have to go to work every day.
Need to: Used to express a personal need or obligation.
Example: I need to get some rest before my trip tomorrow.

9. Should: Used to express a sense of duty,
obligation, or expectation.
Example: You should help your friends when they
are in need.
Ought to: Used to express a stronger sense of
moral obligation.
Example: We ought to treat each other with
respect.

10. Modals for Advice
Should: Used to give general advice or suggestions.
Example: You should eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly.
Ought to: Used to give more formal or moral advice.
Example: You ought to apologize for your behavior.
Had better: Used to give strong advice or to warn someone
about the consequences of not taking the advice.
Example: You had better not go swimming in the ocean during a
storm.
Would: Used to make suggestions or express a preference.
Example: I would go to the beach today if it were sunny.

11. THANK
YOU