mechanicaldrivespowertransmission-150318115240-conversion-gate01 (1).pdf

1
Basic Mechanical Drives and
Power Transmission Training
December 2007

2
Mechanical Drives/Power Transmission Training
The purpose of this presentation is to
provide a overview of industrial drives and
their maintenance.
 Gear Drives
 Belt Drives
 V-Belt Maintenance
 Chain Drives
 Sprocket and Roller Chain Maintenance

4
Gear Boxes

5
Types
 Types
 Automotive transmissions
 Auxiliary transmissions
 Transfer cases
 Power takeoffs
 Marine gears
 Hydraulic drives
 Industrial transmissions
 Differentials

6
Gear Boxes
 Series trains
 Planetary gearing
 Speed reducers
Base mounted
Shaft mounted
 Speed increasers

7
Gears and Gear Boxes
 A gear is a form of disc, or wheel, that has
teeth around its periphery for the purpose
of providing a positive drive by meshing
the teeth with similar teeth on another
gear or rack.

8
Right Angle Gear Drive

9
Spur Gears

10
Involute Curve
Cord
Base
Circle
Circle
involute
Circle

11
Pressure Angle
Pressure
Angle
Pressure
angle
Pressure
angle
Rotation
Line of
action
14 ½ ° 20°
Direction of
tooth to
tooth push

12
Pitch Diameter and Center
Distance
2
2
1 D
D
C
+
=
2
2
1 D
C
D −
=
Center Distance C
Pitch
Diameter D1
Pitch
Diameter D2
1
2
2 D
C
D −
=

13
Circular/Diametrical Pitch
Circular
Pitch
3.1416”
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

14
Names of Gear Parts
Clearance
Pitch
Circle
Addendum
Pitch
Circle
Dedendum
Whole
depth
Working
depth
Thickness
Circular
pitch
Pitch
Line
Addendum
Dedendum Whole
depth
Thickness
Circular
pitch

15
Backlash
Backlash
Pitch
Line

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Other Gear Types
 Bevel and Miter
 Helical
 Worm
 Herringbone

17
Bevel and Miter Gear
Shaft Angle

18
Helical
Helix
angle

19
Worm Gear

20
Herringbone Gear

21
Gear Damage
 Vibration
 Frequency Component – gear mesh
 Normal profile

22
Troubleshooting
 Inappropriate bidirectional operation
 Gear overload
 Misalignment
 Poor maintenance
 Induced misalignment
 Visual inspection

23
Wear patterns
 Normal
 Abrasives in
lubricating oil

24
 Pattern caused by
corrosive attack
on gear teeth
 Pitting caused
by gear
overloading

25
December 2007
Belt Drives
Belt Drives

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Introduction
Description
Basic Components
Load carrying section
Rubber compression section
Cover

27
Belt Drives
 Belt drives are used to transmit power
between a drive unit and a driven unit
Drive Motor
Driven Unit

28
Belts
 The size of the belt must match the
sheave size. if they do not match, then the
belt will not make proper contact with the
sheave and will decrease the amount of
load it can transmit.
A
A
B
B

29
Belt Selection
Standard V-Belt Cogged Belt
Joined V-Belt Positive Drive Belt

30
Sheaves

31
Shaft Speed
er
ave_diamet
Driven_she
_rpm
driveshaft
nches
eDiameterI
DriveSheav
t_rpm
DrivenShaf
×
=
12
inch
dia.
6 in
dia.
1800
rpm
Drive
Driven
rpm

32
Driven Sheave Diameter
ft_rpm
Driven_sha
_rpm
driveshaft
nches
eDiameterI
DriveSheav
veDiameter
DrivenShea
×
=
___
inch
dia.
6 in
dia.
1800
rpm
Drive
Driven
900
rpm

33
Belt Length
12 inch
dia.
6 in
dia.
Drive
Driven
35
inches
2
center
center_to_
2
3.14
meter
driven_dia
2
3.14
eter
drive_diam
h
Belt_lengt ×
+
×
+
×
=

34
Belt Speed
12
14
.
3 rpm
diameter
FPM
×
×
=
12
inch
dia.
6 in
dia.
1800
rpm
Drive
Driven
900
rpm

35
December 2007
V-Belt Maintenance

36
Belt Maintenance
 Routine maintenance is essential if a belt
drive is to operate properly

37
Belt Maintenance
 Never force belt onto sheave
 Belt should not ride on bottom of sheave.
 Check belt condition
 Belt alignment
 Tension
 Inspect sheaves and shafts
 Belt stretch

38
How to Read V-belt Numbers

39
Classic Cog V-belts
AX-BX-CX-DX

40
D-V Wedge Belts
3VX-5VX-8V

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Classic V-belts A-B-C-D-E

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V-belt Inspection
 Slapping
 Squealing
 Check belt
condition
 Tightness
 Tension

43
V-belt Sidewall Wear

44
V-belt Worn Cover/soft or
Swollen

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V-belt Slips, Squeals (Spin
Burn)

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V-belt Underside Cracked

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V-Belt Cover Split / Missing
Cogs
 Belts pried upon
 Foreign objects
 Excessive heat
 Sheave too small
 Sheave misaligned
 Improper storage

48
Sheave Inspection
Sheave groves
must be
like
this
not
this
Dished
out

49
Sheave Inspection
5V
10.01-16.0
O.D.
40 deg
Under
10.0
O.D.
38
deg
O
v
e
r
1
6
.
0
O
.
D
.
4
2
d
e
g
Example
sheave gauge

50
Alignment

51
Types of Misalignment
 Angular
Misalignment
 Parallel
Misalignment

52
Shaft Alignment
Cord
tied to
shaft
Cord touching sheaves at
points indicated by arrows

53
Tensioning V-belts Drives
Too
tight
Too
loose
Slight
bow

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Check Tension

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Preventative Maintenance
 Check belt condition
 Check belt tension
 Identify sources of contamination
 Check sheave alignment
 Check sheave wear

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Introduction
Description
Types of links
Self forming teeth
Extended Pin

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Introduction
DRIVEN
ROLL
DRIVE
GEAR
BOX
Chain
Pitch

59
Chain Drive

60
Advantages
 No slippage
 More compact than belt
 Good for slow speeds
 Easier to install
 Not subject to deterioration
 Operates under wet conditions
 Less adjustment required
 Can drive several shafts
 Less costly than gear drives

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Disadvantages
 Cannot be used where drive must slip
 Cannot except misalignment
 Noisy
 Causes vibration
 Needs frequent lubrication
 Small load capacity
 Shorter Service Live

62
Chain Drive Principles
Drive chain
Drive Sprocket
Sprocket

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Shaft Speed
teeth
cket_#
DrivenSpro
_rpm
driveshaft
teeth
ket_#
DriveSproc
t_rpm
DrivenShaf
×
=
12 T 6 T
1800
rpm
Drive
Driven
rpm

64
Chain Length Calculation
( )
2
nter
CenterToCe
2
Pitch
cketTeeth
DrivenSpro
2
Pitch
ketTeeth
DriveSproc
h
ChainLengt
×
+
×
+
×
=
12 T 6 T
Drive
Driven
35
inches
40 Chain

65
Chain Speed
12
rpm
pitch
teeth
FPM
×
×
=
12 T 6 T
1800
rpm
Drive
Driven
900
rpm
40 Chain

66
Some Chain Drive Examples
Fork Lift Roller Conveyor

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December 2007
Sprocket and Roller
Chain Maintenance

68
Roller Chain

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Pitch

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Large Pitch Conveyor Chain

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Chain Part Friction Areas
Major friction
areas in red

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Lubrication Methods
 Hand Oiling
 Drop Lubrication
 Oil Bath
 Rotating Plate
 Forced Circulation

73
Example Application Large
Roller Chain
 Multi-strand conveyor
Large Roller Chain

74
Sprockets

75
Sprocket Classifications

76
Chain Drive Factors
 Location of slack
 Chain wrap
 Vertical arrangement

77
Installation – Parallel Shafts
Level
Level

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Installation

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Installation - Sprockets
Straight edge or
Straight string
Gap

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Installation

81
Chain Length
The following information is needed for an
equation to find the chain length:
 1. Number of teeth on the drive sprocket.
 2. Number of teeth on the driven sprocket.
 3. Center-to-center distance between the shafts.
 4. The chain pitch in inches.

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Chain Inspection
 Cleanliness
 Lubrication
 Signs of wear
 Flexibility
 Check chain stretch
 Physical damage

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Chain Wear
WORN CHAIN
NEW CHAIN
SPROCKET

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Sprocket Tooth Wear
SPROCKETS INDICATE
WEAR HERE

85
Preventive Maintenance
 Inspect for wear
 Lubricate
 Check chain sag
 Set tension
 Inspect sprockets

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Summary and Quiz
 Review Objectives
 Question and Answer Session

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