discussion about hydrocephalus

1. BY: SHAWN MATTHEW MANUEL

2. Definition Pathophysiology Risk factors Signs & symptoms
Diagnostics
procedures
Surgical
procedures
Nursing
management
Medications

3. a neurological disorder caused by an abnormal build up of cerebrospinal fluid in
the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain.
It is composed of tissue that encircles the brain's hollow areas, or ventricles. It
enters and exits the brain and spinal cord to supply nutrients and act as a
protective barrier against damage.

5. This happens when the CSF are blocked as it exits the ventricles
This happens due to bleeding in the brain’s CSF, head trauma, infection, tumor, or complication
of surgery.
COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS
NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS
This happens when one or more narrow passages of CSF are blocked.
NON-COMMUNITCATING HYDROCEPHALUS
This happens due to a brain damage caused by a stroke or injury. The ventricles are bigger
because the brain tissues around the ventricles shrink.
HYDROCEPHALUS EX-VACUO

11. MODIFIABLE NON-MODIFIABLE
• Unvaccinated
against meningitis
• Head trauma
• Gestational DM
• Lack of prenatal
care
• Male sex
• Family history
• Congenital
malformations

12. • Poor feeding
• Irritability
• Reduced activity
• Vomiting
INFANTS
NPH
CHILDREN &
ADULTS
• Mental deterioration
• Headaches
• Neck pain
• Vomiting
• Blurred vision
• Double vision
• Difficulty in walking
secondary to spasticity
• Drowsiness
• Gait disturbance
• Dementia
• Urinary
incontinence
• Personality changes
and Parkinsonism
• RARE: Headaches &
seizures

13. • Ultrasound
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
• Intracranial pressure monitoring
• Fundoscopic pressure monitoring
• Ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion
• Fluid & electrolyte imbalance
• Impaired comfort
• Risk for infection
• Compromised parental coping

14. 1. A shunt insertion
⚬ Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt - most
common
⚬ Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt
⚬ Lumboperitoneal shunt
⚬ Torkildsen shunt - rare
⚬ Ventriculopleural shunt - secon-line
therapy
2.Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV)

16. 1. Monitor intake and output
2.Monitor laboratory values
3.Monitor vital signs
4.Perform neurologic assessment
5.Provide IV fluids, electrolytes, Antibiotics,
Antiemetics, as ordered by the doctor.
6.Teach the parent how to properly swaddle and
position the baby.
7.Provide teachings regarding the light around the
baby to be dimmed.

17. 1. Acetazolamide (Diamox)
￭ Noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which
catalyzes the reaction between water and carbon dioxide, resulting in
protons and carbonate. This contributes to decreasing CSF secretion by
choroid plexus.
2.Loop diuretics
a. Furosemide (Lasix)
￭ Mechanisms proposed for lowering ICP include lowering cerebral sodium
uptake, affecting water transport into astroglial cells by inhibiting cellular
membrane cation-chloride pump, and decreasing CSF production by
inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. Used as adjunctive therapy with ACZ in
temporary treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in neonates.

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22. Service 1 Service 2 Service 3 Service 4

23. Medical consultations Patients

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Founder and CEO
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Lead Researcher
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