This document discusses different types of clauses and sentence structures in English grammar: - It defines finite and non-finite verbs, and provides examples of clauses, phrases, and subordinate and principal conjunctions. - It outlines 9 rules for constructing simple, complex, and compound sentences based on context like positive/negative conditions, contrast, cause/effect, details with modifiers, intensifiers, and time. - Examples are given to illustrate each rule for simple, complex, and compound sentence structures.

1. CLAUSE & PHRASE
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2. Finite & Non Finite Verb
 যেই Verb দিয়ে Tense যেনা োে যেটা Finite Verb
 যেই Verb দিে Tense যেনা োে না যেটা Non Finite Verb
Example of Finite Verb: Go, Went, Do etc.
Ex of Non Finite Verb: to go, done, going etc.
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3. Clause
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 যেখায়ন Subject ও Finite Verb থাকয়ে
Ex1: They traced out that formula used in cooking that food.
Ex2: You can’t deny his approach to be guilty.
Phrase
 একগুচ্ছ শব্দ োর দিতয়র Subject ও Finite Verb থায়ক না
Ex1: They traces out the formula that was used in cooking that food.
Ex 2: They can’t deny that his approach was guilty.

4. W.H words, as, if, since, that, so------that, so that, hardly, scarcely, barely, no
sooner, such, even, unless, until, though, although, as----as, so----as etc.- এরা
Subordinate Clause এর পূয়ে েেয়ে । েুতরাাং এরা Subordinate Conjunction.
Clause in Details
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Clause 3 প্রকার যথাাঃ
1. Dependent 2. Independent 3. Coordinating Clause
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FAN BOYS), Besides, After, All, On the contrary, On
the other hand, Moreover এরা Principal Clause –এর পূয়ে েেয়ে । েুতরাাং, এরা
Principal Conjunction.
Dependent Clause Sentence Part Parts of Speech এর অাংশ দিয়েয়ে েয়ে, এরা
Parts of Specch মত কাজ কয়র । এই জনয এয়িরয়ক Noun Clause, Adjective
Clause, Adverb Clause এই দতনিায়ে িাে করা োে ।

5. Sentence Structure
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6. Rule -01
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Positive
Correlation/
Expectation
To/In order to + Verb 1
We read to learn
So that (can)
We read so that we can
learn
And
We read and we learn

7. Rule -02
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Affirmative
Condition
By + Verb + ing
By taking this medicine,
you will recover soon.
If + Present Simple*
If you take this medicine,
you will recover soon.
And(Imperative Sense)
(you should) Take this
medicine and you will
recover soon.

8. Rule -03
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Negative
Condition
Without + Verb + ing
Without taking proper
diet, you will be sick.
If + Present Simple* (Neg.)
If you do not take proper
diet, you will be sick.
Or( Imperative Sense)
(You should) Take proper
rest or you will be sick.

9. Rule -04
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Contrast
In spite of/ Despite +
Verb(ing)/ Noun Phrase
In spite of being innocent
he was punished.
Though/ Although
Although he was innocent,
he was punished
But/Yet
He was innocent, yet
he was punished.

10. Rule -05
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Cause &
Effect
Due to/Because of/ On
account of + Noun Phrase
Zahid missed 3
consecutive classes due
to his illness/being ill.
Since/ As/ Because
Since zahid was ill, he
missed 3 consecutive
classes.
And so/ For
Zahid was ill and he missed
3 consecutive classes.
Zahid missed 3 consecutive
classes for he was ill

11. Rule -06
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Details with
modifiers
Adjective
Achilles was a very
mighty warrior.
Who(person)/ Which,
that(things)
Achilles was a warrior
who was very mighty.
And
Achilles was a warrior
and he was very mighty.

12. Rule -07
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Intensify
Adj+(Enough)+/Too+
Adj+ To
He is too young to make
that decision.
He is strong enough to
handle this easily.
So+Adj+That+(Aff/Neg)
He is so young that he
cannot make that
decision.
He is so strong that he
can handle this easily.
Very+And
He is very young and
cannot make this decision.
He is very strong and can
handle this easily.

13. Rule -08
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Time
At the time
He woke up at the time of
raining
When
He woke up when it was
raining
And
It was raining and he
wake up

14. Rule -09
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Context SIMPLE COMPLEX COMPOUND
Simple
Statement
Sub-V-Obj/adj
Dhaka is a densely
populated city
Introductory it + wh
Dhaka is a city which is
densely populated.
And
Dhaka is a city and it is
densely populated.

15. Exercise
1. If you do not take physical exercise, you will not be healthy. (Simple)
2. Though the man looks cruel, he is kind.(Simple)
3. He is poor but honest. (Complex)
4. Walk fast or you can not get the train.(Complex)
5. When the marriage ceremony was over, the guests were going to the feast.(Compound)
6. As soon as the sun had risen, the fog dispersed.(Compound)
7. The sun had set and we returned home.(Complex)
8. The door opened and Jim stepped in.(Complex)
9. Respect you friends and they will respect you.(Complex)
10. The baby was too little to walk.(Complex)
11. He was so tired that he could not move.(Simple)
12. We eat so that we may live.(Simple)
13. Della sold he hair to buy a gift.(Complex)
14. By working hard, you will prosper in life. (Complex)
15. Although he was intelligent, he could not pass in the exam.(Simple)
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