Lecture 1

1. MMK 24103
Pneumatic and Hydraulic
System
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
DR. ABDUL SYAFIQ ABDULL SUKOR
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATIC AND
HYDRAULIC

2. Chapter Outcome
• At the end of this lecture, students should be able to:
• Understand the concepts of hydraulic and
pneumatic
• Existing examples of hydraulic and pneumatic
• Industrial usage

3. Introduction
 The Pneumatics and Hydraulics is the main elements in Fluid Power. (Kuasa
bendalir)
 What is Fluid Power?
 Fluid Power is a method to transmit power from one location to the other by using of
confined fluid, which is in the form of liquid and gas.
 Hydraulic is a transmission of power (penghantaran kuasa) through liquid.
 Pneumatic is a transmission of power through gas or air.

4. • In the industry we use three methods for transmitting
power from one point to another.
• Mechanical transmission is through shafts, gears, chains,
belts, etc.
• Electrical transmission is through wires, transformers, etc.
• Fluid power is through liquids or gas in a confined
space.
Introduction

5. Introduction
Three types of Power Transmission.
Mechanical Power
Transmission
Electrical Power
Transmission
Fluid Power
Transmission

6. PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS
HISTORY : Lifting crane

7. PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS
HISTORY : Old Industrial Hydraulic

8. Hydraulic Crane

9. PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS
HISTORY : Old Hydraulic Lifter

10. PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS
HISTORY : Old Hydraulic Jack

11. PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS
HISTORY : Modern Hydraulic Press

12. HYDRAULIC FLUID
TRANSMISSION
• Let : F = Force (N)
• P = Pressure (N/m2)
• A= Area (m2)

13. HYDRAULIC FLUID COMPENSATION
Illustration of Pascal's
principle at work in a
hydraulic press. The original
pressure (P1) exerted on the
small piston (A1) will produce
an equal pressure (P2) on the
large piston (A2). However,
because A2 has 10 times the
area of A1, it will produce a
force (F2) that is 10 times
greater than the original force
(F1). Through Pascal's
principle, a relatively small
force exerted on a hydraulic
press can be magnified to the
point where it will lift a car.

14. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

15. BASIC HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

20. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM OPERATION

21. A TYPICAL HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1 – pump
2 – oil tank
3 – flow control valve
4– pressure relief valve
5 – hydraulic cylinder
6 – directional control valve
7 – throttle valve

22. Fluid power applications
• Stationary hydraulics (remain firmly fixed
in one position.)
• Machine tools and transfer lines.
• Lifting and conveying devices.
• Metal-forming presses.
• Plastic machinery such as injection-molding machines.
• Rolling machines.
• Lifts.
• Food processing machinery.
• Automatic handling equipment and robots.

23. Fluid power applications Cont.
• Mobile hydraulics (move on wheels or
tracks )
• Automobiles, tractors, aeroplanes, missile, boats, etc.
• Construction machinery.
• Tippers, excavators and elevating platforms.
• Lifting and conveying devices.
• Agricultural machinery.

24. Industries base Application

25. Industries base Application

26.  Greek Nomenclature
 Pneu – air
 Matic – power
 Pneumatic System
 A system that powered by compress air to move actuator.
 A system that uses air to power something
What is Pneumatic?

29. Pneumatic System

30.  Electronic industries
 Food industries
 Robotic
 Air is also used to power drills, sanders, grinders,
and the like at garages and car body shops.
Pneumatic Usage

31. Pneumatic Advantages
 Can transfer power even in long distance.
 No effect on higher temperature
 Flexibility in control
 Very fast response and movement
 No air return
 Clean working area
 Easy to setup (build circuit)
 Very cheap (air source)

32. Pneumatic Disadvantages
 Requires careful preparation to get compressed air
 Noisy
 Low maintenance cost but high preparation cost
 Limited force
 No speed consistency due to compress able air
 Lot of hoses to build circuit

33. Structure of Block Diagram