This document discusses how modeling project dependencies as a graph can help reduce waste in software projects using lean principles. It describes representing tasks, components, defects and their relationships as nodes and relationships in a graph. This allows identifying dependency chains, evaluating the impact of changes, detecting defects and prioritizing technical debt to reduce rework, delays and waste. The graph approach provides more insights than tabular views to support lean thinking and drive continuous improvement.
2. ‣ Lean Principles
‣ Waste in Software Projects
‣ Tabular View
‣ Model dependencies as a graph
‣ Insights into the state of the project
‣ Taking it further
Outline
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3. ‣ Dependencies are everywhere
‣ Supply chain
‣ Business processes
‣ Inventory
‣ Education
‣ Government processes and workflow
‣ Dependencies are a part of life
‣ But they can be streamlined and improved
Dependencies
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4. ‣ Lean principles are derived from the Japanese manufacturing industry
‣ Systematic waste minimisation without sacrificing productivity
‣ Takes into account waste created by overburden and waste through
unevenness in workloads
‣ As waste is eliminated, quality improves while production time and cost are
reduced
‣ The Toyota Way focuses on improving the flow of work
Lean Principles
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5. 3 M’s of waste
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Muda
Activity or process that
does not add value
A physical waste of
time, resources and
money
Waiting, over-
production, defects
Mura
The waste of
unevenness or
inconsistency
Mura drives Muda
Failure to smooth puts
unfair demands on
processes and people
Muri
The waste of
overburden
Unnecessary stress to
people and process
Indirect costs
6. Waste in IT
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Waste
Defects
Over production
Motion (excess)
People
Example
Cowboy style system or
application changes
Unnecessary delivery of
low value features
Firefighting repetitively
Spent time on mundane
tasks instead of
innovation
Business Outcome
Poor service, increased
costs
Business & IT
misalignment, increased
maintenance
Increased cost and
energy expended, loss of
productivity
Talent loss, low
engagement
8. ‣ Building the wrong feature
‣ Backlog mismanagement
‣ Rework
‣ Unnecessarily complex solutions
‣ Waiting / multitasking
‣ Rapid switching of people between tasks
‣ Process overhead and management activities
Common wastes
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10. ‣ Scrum, an agile method, has it’s roots in lean thinking
‣ An understanding of dependencies is very important in larger formats such as
scrum of scrums or long term software delivery programs
‣ A list based approach does not expose underlying connections between
tasks
‣ The time to compose dependency chains in a tabular form does not allow
for JIT decision taking
‣ Frequent changes on the ground render previous decisions invalid, and
cause waste by re-planning and re-predicting
Tabular Views
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11. ‣ Knowledge is connected information, revealing patterns
‣ Use the power of the graph to derive actionable insights
Value in Relationships
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http://effectivelearninginstructionaldesign.com/blog/idt/learning-from-information-to-knowledge/
13. ‣ Built around the Neo4j native graph database
‣ Intuitive, flexible models of networks of related data
‣ Nodes represent entities and they are connected to each other via
relationships
‣ Query the graph with Cypher- a declarative graph query language
‣ Visualise results for link analysis or dependency inspection
Neo4j Graph Platform
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14. Model as a graph
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Task
Task
Task
D
EP
EN
D
S
_O
N
PART_OF
.
25. ‣ Over time, defects are raised across various releases
‣ New features are to be built
‣ In many cases, waste is generated by prioritising new, lower value features
over refactoring to address technical debt
Extending the model- prioritisation
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31. ‣ Model people, teams, skills and experience
‣ Analyse task distribution and skill fit- squad style organisation
‣ Impact analysis - delays and risks
‣ Detect recurring patterns
‣ Improve efficiency and reduce waste in processes
‣ Other applications in government, supply chain management and inventory
control
Taking it further
GraphAware®