The document discusses labor unions and the tensions between labor and management in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. It provides details on labor practices like strikes and boycotts used by unions to negotiate wages and conditions, as well as management responses like lockouts and blacklists. Examples are given of major strikes in the United States like the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, the Haymarket Riot of 1886, the Homestead Strike of 1892, and the Pullman Strike of 1894 that often turned violent and required military intervention. The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911 that killed 146 workers highlighted the unsafe conditions laborers faced.

1. Labor v
Management
3B-DD3 A&B

2. Labor Unions
• an association of workers who join
together to promote and protect
the welfare, interest, and rights of
its members by a process called
Collective Bargaining.
• Collective Bargaining: laborers
working together against business
owners to negotiate wages and
better working conditions

3. Labor Practices
• Strike – refusing to work as a form of
protest
• Boycott – refusing to buy a product
as a form of protest
• Collective Bargaining - Discussions
held between workers and their
employers over wages, hours, and
conditions.

4. Business
Practices
• Lockout - owners of the factory
lock the workers out of the
factory building until the
workers give in or compromise
with the factory owners
demands.
• Blacklist – making sure
individual people are blocked
from working by giving names
to other business owners

5. Examples of
Labor
Unions
• Knights of Labor
• An American
labor union
• established as a
secret fraternal
order
• the first union of
all workers
• founded in 1869.
• American
Federation of Labor
• a federation of
different unions
• Began in 1886 with
about 140,000
members; by 1917
it had 2.5 million
members

6. Workers Woes

7. Close Reading
Use your Close Reading strategies
(from page D in your binder) to
read the section “Workers Woes.”

8. What Do You See?
1. Write down 2 observations.
2. Write down 1 question about
the picture(s) – something you
see but don’t understand, or
maybe why something is.

9. Turn and Talk
Turn and talk to your team. Discuss
with your team your observations
of these pictures. In your
discussion, try to get each person’s
question(s) answered.

10. Focus Questions
Answer the focus questions using
the information in the reading and
from your discussion.
1. What impact did
industrialization have on the
working class?
2. In what ways do these
photographs support the
information in the reading
above?

11. Labor v. Management

12. Close Reading
Use your Close Reading strategies
(from page D in your binder) to
read the section “Labor v.
Management.”

13. What Do You See?
1. Write down 2 observations.
2. Write down 1 question about
the picture(s) – something you
see but don’t understand, or
maybe why something is.

14. Turn and Talk
Turn and talk to your team. Discuss
with your team your observations
of these pictures. In your
discussion, try to get each person’s
question(s) answered.

15. 3. How did work differ for the two
groups pictured?
4. According to the text, labor and
management disliked each
other. Explain why.
Focus Questions

16. Strikes, Boycotts, and
Sabotage

17. Close Reading
Use your Close Reading strategies (from page D in your binder) to read the section
“Strikes, Boycotts, and Sabotage.”

18. What Do You See?
1. Write down 2 observations.
2. Write down 1 question about
the picture(s) – something you
see but don’t understand, or
maybe why something is.

19. Turn and Talk
Turn and talk to your team. Discuss
with your team your observations
of these pictures. In your
discussion, try to get each person’s
question(s) answered.

20. Focus Questions
5. What is the difference between
a strike and a boycott?
6. If you were organizing workers
to get desirable changes at
work, what would be your
strategy?

21. Management Strikes
Back

22. Close Reading
Use your Close Reading strategies (from page D in your binder) to read the section
“Management Strikes Back.”

23. What Do You See?
1. Write down 2 observations.
2. Write down 1 question about
the picture(s) – something you
see but don’t understand, or
maybe why something is.

24. Turn and Talk
Turn and talk to your team. Discuss
with your team your observations
of these pictures. In your
discussion, try to get each person’s
question(s) answered.

25. Focus Questions
7. What made the violence of
strikes common?
8. Do you think the violence of
the strikes helped or hurt the
workers’ cause? Explain.

26. Four Famous Strikes
3B-DD3B

27. The Great Railroad
Strike 1877
• After multiple pay cuts at the
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O),
workers in Martinsburg, WV went
on strike and local residents
showed up to support the strikers
• When threats by ownership and
the local police were not enough
to end the strike, the governor of
WV sent in the National Guard
Video: The Great Railroad Strike of
1877

28. The Great Railroad
Strike 1877
• Much of the National Guardsmen
were railroad workers or
supported the strikers.
• The strike spread across the
country with much violence,
looting, and rioting. It took
President Hayes sending federal
troops to end the strike.

29. Haymarket Riot 1886
• Begins as a peaceful protest
for better wages and hours
• A bomb was thrown at police
who had killed protesting
workers the day before
• 7 police, 4 civilians die
• Video: Sound Smart: The
Haymarket Square Riot

30. Haymarket Riot 1886
• Some blamed the Red Scare
(spread of Communism)
• Others blamed the
government for starting the
violence

31. Homestead Strike 1892
• Homestead, Pennsylvania
• Strike between Carnegie Steel Co.
and Amalgamated Association of
Iron and Steel Workers (union)
• Carnegie locked out workers
Video: The Homestead Steel Strike

32. Homestead Strike
1892
• 8,000 militia arrive to end
the lockout
• Government sides with the
workers

33. Pullman Strike 1894
• Workers of the Pullman rail
car company went on strike
over wage cuts & layoffs
• The strike grew violent
• 12,000 federal troops were
called in to end the strike.
Video: The Pullman Strike

34. Pullman Strike 1894
• Factory owners used the
federal courts to limit the
power of the unions
• Led to a decrease in union
membership.

35. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire,
1911
• A fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist
Company killed 146 people, mostly
women
• The doors were locked and the
windows were too high for them to get
to the ground
• Highlighted the poor working
conditions
• led to federal regulations to protect
workers.