Ppt looks at the context if cities, problems faced/created by cities and options to make cities more sustainable- using mechanism of planned development, compact city,Regional Planning, green mobility, greening cities, technologies, leadership and creating accountability with responsibility
3. State of Worldâs Cities
⢠UN Habitat Report, State of Worldâs Cities 2008/2009-
Harmonious Cities, defines cities in terms of --
⢠Cities contain both order and chaos.
⢠In them reside beauty and ugliness--virtue and vice.
⢠They can bring out best or worst in human kind.
⢠They are physical manifestation of history and culture
⢠They are incubators of innovations, industry, technology,
entrepreneurship and creativity.
⢠Cities are materialization of humanityâs noblest ideas, ambitions and
aspirations,
⢠but when not planned or governed properly, can be repository of
societyâs ills.
⢠Cities drive national economies by creating wealth, enhancing social
development and providing employment but
⢠they can also be breeding grounds for poverty, exclusion and
environmental degradation.
4. Cities and their Context
⢠Cities have been part of human history.
⢠- Cities- known to command power and authority
⢠.Cities- known for both -- positivity and negativities
⢠Cities -- known for their dualities and contradictions
⢠Cities -- known to be areas of concentration of population/
activities, infrastructures, services, healthcare, education
⢠Cities -- Engines of economic growth-
⢠Cities - generators of employment , wealth and prosperity,
⢠Cities â also known for their negativities,
⢠â where rich & poor rub shoulders-
⢠Cities â large consumers of resources/energy/ land
⢠Cities- generators of waste
⢠Cities â consuming large energy
⢠Cities--- generating majorityof carbon footprints-
⢠Cities -- largely responsible for global warming-
5. Cities and their Context
⢠Cities- remain a manmade , mechanical habitat
⢠Cities- destroy natural habitat-anti-thesis to bio-diversity
⢠Cities- known as creator of best/ worst living conditions-
⢠Cities- home to large migrants
⢠Cities- home to slums
⢠Cities- remain in crisis- natural and manmade
⢠Crisis-- of population, poverty, pollution
⢠Cities â ever evolving ,devolving, never static, never finite
⢠Cities â shall remain dominant in future
⢠Cities- drivers of nationâs future
⢠Cities - need rationalization
⢠Cities âmade more-- bio-diverse; productive, effective,
efficient, humane, livable, inclusive, safe, Resilient
,sustainable and Healthy place to live /work
11. Indian Urbanization
⢠250 million in 1919
⢠1210 million in 2011
⢠1410- MILLION-2023
⢠2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -- 50%
in Urban India.
⢠Metropolitan Centres -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-
68(2031)
⢠10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9
(2051)
⢠During last 100 years, India witnessedâ
- -Urbanization level going up by 3 times
- --Urban settlements growing merely 4
times
- --Total Population multiplying 5 times
- -Urban population increasing 15 times and
- -Rural population increasing 3.5 times
- India became most populated country on
this planet- April 2023- 1.41 billion
12. Indian Urbanization
⢠Urban area important because ;
ď Areas of concentration of population,
ď Providers of large employment.
ď Areas of large investment.
ď Housing major infrastructure & services.
ď Hub around which entire economy gravitates.
ď Promoters of higher order of productivity
⢠Major contributors to the national wealth/GDP
ď 1950-51 - 29% (level of urbanization - 17.29%)
ď 1970-71- 37% (level of urbanization - 19.91%)
ď 1990-91- 50% (level of urbanization - 25.72%)
ď 2001-02- 60% (level of urbanization - 27.78%)
ď 2011- 12- 65% (level of urbanization - 31.1%)
ď 10 Largest cities - 8%pop -- produce 15%GDP
ď 53 Metro cities - 13 %pop --produce 33%GDP
ď 100 Largest cities -16%pop -produce 43%GDP
13. Urbanization-issues
⢠Despite large positivity Urban centers involve negativities
ď Poorly planned, developed managed and governed.
ď Unable to meet challenges of urban dynamism
ď Haphazard /Unplanned pattern of development.
ď Enormous growth of slums
⢠Poor quality of life
⢠largely unhealthy-House large polluting gases of NO, O3,
Co2,SO2 suspended particulate
⢠-98% cities in low& low/middle countries / 56% in high
income economies do not meet air quality âWHO norms
⢠6 million people died -due to air pollution-2019-20
⢠Cities Remain unsafe
⢠Cities -- Remain water stressed
⢠Unable to meet basic needs of
⢠-Shelter
⢠--Services ,
⢠--Sanitation
14. Urbanization-issues
⢠Cities--Have acute shortage of green spaces
⢠Remain prone to disasters- natural and manmade
⢠Create large heat island- leading to temperature rise
of 2-4 degree during day and up to 10 C at night
⢠Perpetually suffering from problems of traffic and
transportation
⢠Promoting exclusion
⢠Creating dichotomy between rich and poor
⢠Remain unsustainable- largely dependent on rural
hinterland for day to day needs
⢠Remain large consumer of energy / resources
⢠Remain polluter of environment / destroyer of bio-
diversity
⢠Indian Urbanization rightly called :
ď Urbanization of Population
ď Urbanization of Poverty
ď Urbanization of Pollution
18. Reasons for Carbon footprints
⢠Climate action in cities - essential for achieving
net-zero emissions goals.
⢠Cities house > 50% of global population,
⢠Generate - 70% of global GDP,
⢠Account for- 2/3rd of global energy
consumption
⢠Responsible > 70% annual global carbon
emissions.
⢠These factors expected to grow significantly
⢠by 2050 > 70% worldâs population to live in
cities-- massive increase in growth of demand
19. Reasons for Carbon footprints
⢠Huge carbon footprint created by cities results from
increasing population large consumption of black
energy;
⢠poor planning , layout, development
⢠-lack of open spaces- lack of vegetation
⢠âPaving cities- creating Urban Heat Island
⢠Low-density suburban sprawl
⢠Limited public transport ;
⢠Large Travel demand- - more cars on urban roads--
roads emitting carbon dioxide
⢠ever-increasing building footprints- materials used for
construction- building typologies-Tall Buildings
⢠using fossil fuels for cooling buildings
21. Making Cities Carbon Neutral
⢠Cities - key to a net-zero emissions - where
affordable /sustainable green energy made
accessible to all
⢠Rationalising Urban Planning
⢠â Redefining cities- shape, size
⢠Redefining order of planning
⢠Rationalization- building planning, designing,
construction - reduce emissions by 350 Mt CO2
by 2050
⢠Rationalising Urban transport -accounts for 4
billion tonnes of CO2-eq,- more than 40% of
transport sectorâs total emissions
⢠Creating more open spaces-Overcoming Heat
22. SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable
25. Promoting Planned Development
⢠UNDP-- â Cost of poorly planned urbanization;
⢠make cities littered with--- huge slums, tangled traffic,
⢠greenhouse gas emissions ,
⢠sprawling suburbs
⢠Consuming large energy
⢠Opting for sustainable planning leads to;
⢠- Empowering cities
⢠-- citizens living a decent life
⢠-- creating shared prosperity
⢠- having social stability,
⢠- preserving environmentâ.
⢠-making cities dynamic spaces for living -working.
⢠- become least consumers of energy
⢠- generators of minimum carbon footprints
26. Promoting Planned Development
⢠Globally- planning known for ability for---
⢠--promoting operational efficiency of cities,
⢠--Managing carbon footprints;
⢠-minimizing climate change,
⢠Reducing global warming & emission of greenhouse gases.
⢠Bringing land uses in close proximity &
⢠connecting them through an efficient network of services/
⢠- -de-centralization cities in small/ compact, self-contained /
self-sufficient Neighborhoods,
⢠Providing facilities -healthcare, education, shopping, leisure
⢠Rationalizing travel and traffic
⢠Promoting pedestrianization/ walkability.
⢠-making buildings sustainable,
27. CO
BS
WO
RKING
LIVING
CIRCULATIO
N
⢠The Radiant City
â˘An organism capable of housing works of
man of machine-age society.
⢠placed under masterful government of
natural conditions:
â˘Sun
â˘Space
â˘Greenery
â˘And its mission is service of mankind:
â˘To live
â˘To work
â˘To cultivate body and spirit
â˘To travel about
(in this order and obeying this
hierarchy)
32. Rationalizing Development of Core Areas;
⢠Core areas in existing/historic cities house -
⢠-large population in a small/compact area; -
⢠-having large built-up area
⢠-housing large proportion of trade/commerce
⢠-remain invariably crowded-
⢠- have little open/breathing spaces.
⢠- remain warmer/hotter than periphery
⢠- hotbeds of global warming, -- climate change/ generators
large carbon footprints
⢠-Creating problems of environment, pollution, congestion
traffic/transportation in urban areas.
⢠For making cities carbon neutral/low carbon;
⢠--would require decongest the core areas on priority,
33. Rationalizing Development of Core Areas;
⢠difficult to decongest â need exploring options like,
⢠-- minimizing entry of mechanical /fossil fuel-based vehicles;
⢠-promoting pedestrianization;
⢠-shifting wholesale trade to areas identified
⢠-using area vacated by wholesale trade --for creating open
spaces.
⢠-With landscaping- reduced congestion- reduced vehicles
count- reduced noise/pollution - reduced fossil fuel
consumption, -achieve reduction in carbon count.
⢠--help cities becoming low carbon,
⢠--least emitter of greenhouse gases
⢠promoters of environment /ecology
⢠Bringing nature in the core areas
34. Rationalizing Development of Core Areas;
⢠-- Creating Green roofs
⢠- Green roof, globally proved efficacy /effectiveness in
-- increase green footprints of the city,
- make building energy efficient
ďŽ absorbing solar heat falling on buildings.
ďŽ -reduced air-conditioning for internal spaces of buildings
ďŽ minimising heat loss/ heat gain.
ďŽ Plants in green roof âabsorb solar heat
ďŽ - generating oxygen,
ďŽ cleaning environment,
ďŽ -minimize flooding by absorbing/retaining excessive water
ďŽ providing space for socialization.
ďŽ create win-win situation for owners, users, communities,
climate/ cities
ďŽ promoting global sustainability by educing carbon footprints of
38. Compact City- Heat Reduction
⢠-Form, shape; size of city -major determinant of sustainability, greenhouse
gas ; carbon emissions
⢠Heat reduction ignored in urban planning- even when temperatures rising
⢠All citizens entitled to- thermally safe indoor/ outdoor environment
⢠Making Cities Cool-Changing City planning options
⢠- from expanding/sprawling âto Compact Cities
⢠-offer distinct advantages-
⢠Minimize expositing earth surface to solar radiation.
⢠--Promoting walkability
⢠- Minimising area under road
⢠â replacing roads by streets---shaded by adjoining buildings
⢠- changing materials/ built for cities- - responsible for heating cities.
⢠Cities dominated by dark/hard materials â concrete, asphalt, paving
⢠â absorb solar radiation-
⢠conventional paving heated up to 67 C &
⢠roofs up to 50â90 C, on hot day.
42. PLANNING COMPACT CITIES
Make cities compact by;
â promoting High-density development
-- adopting Transit oriented development
-- Raising Height and
-Rationalizing land uses
-Reviewing Building bye-laws
-Building inside not outside
--- Building vertical not horizontal
--- Building High not low
--- Building mix not pure
---Building dense not shallow
----- optimizing current infrastructure.
.
43. Making Cities Safe- Compact Cities
⢠Make cities Compact-
⢠-Avoids urban sprawl.
⢠-- Make cities Safer- than cities spread over a large area.
⢠Makes cities More Sustainable -Reduced Service Network
⢠- Promote Pedestrianisation - provide walkable access to
transport, entertainment and public spaces
⢠-- Ensures safety-a safe space for walking and cycling.-Less
Accidents
⢠More Economical for Development
⢠Land Efficient--Cost-efficient -Socially More Vibrant
⢠-Less Cars â less parking â less pollution - Less Carbon
footprints
⢠--- Compact cities- Stockholm /Tokyo have lowest traffic
fatality rates in worldâ1.5 deaths per 100,000 residents.
⢠Sprawling Atlanta--death rate six times- 9 fatalities per
100,000 residents.
47. Amazing Future Green City of
World âMusdar âAbu Dhabi-UAE
ď A city of 50,000population
ď City of no cars , no waste
ďPlanned to make use of cool sea winds
ďUsing solar energy on rooftop
ďNarrow streets shading houses
ďTotal recycling of waste/water
ď working/ living area-- not farther
than200 mts from transportation nodes.
ďElectric powered light rail on elevated
track -- for easy transport between
Musdar and Abu Dhabi.
â˘for Intra-city travel-- people use
personal rapid transit pods (PRT) run on
magnetic tracks using electric power.
â˘Aim is to create:
ďZero Carbon
ďZero Waste
ďZero Car city
48. TIANJIN- Master Plan
..
1. Land-use Planning âMaking city compact, mix land uses
and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)
2. Transport Planning -Green transport .âLarge trips via
public transport ; bicycles and walking
3. Green and Blue Network Planning---extensive green
(vegetation) and blue (water) networks â for quality living /working
environment.
4. Water bodies --linked for circulation â enhancing ecology ,
environment , recreational activities.
5. A wastewater pond -rehabilitated /transformed into a clean/beautiful lake.
51. --Redefining approach to Land-use Planning.
-Redefining shape and size of cities
-Making cities compact
--Reordering prioritization of modes of travel
Planning for People-- not for vehicles
Promoting Accessibility-- Not Mobility
-Making public transport -more equitable,
reliable, affordable, safe, comfortable,
sustainable, energy/operationally efficient, cost-
effective, eco/ users friendly
â˘Equitable allocation of road space.
â˘Road Pricing
⢠Promoting intelligent/smart transportation
â˘Creating public awareness
â˘Involving communities/ stakeholders
â˘Deregistration of Old Vehicles
â˘Establishing effective regulatory/enforcement
mechanisms
SMART TRANSPORTATION
52. Defining Sustainable Transport
⢠Sustainable Transport --
⢠-- sometimes known as Green Transport
⢠-- form of transport that does not use / rely
on dwindling natural resources.
⢠-- relies on renewable /regenerated energy
⢠-- rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life
expectancy
53.
54. Curitibaâs futuristic âtubeâ station system for buses--,85%
Curitiba uses Bus Rapid Transit -- transporting two million
each day-- London subway carries three million-- BRT built
in 1974; now 300 cities around world are using
.â
60. Circular Economy Cities- need
⢠By 2050- two-third humanity opt for urban areas
⢠taking up just 3 per cent of global landmass,
⢠consuming > 75 % of natural resources,
⢠generating 50 % of solid waste and
⢠emitting 60 % of greenhouse gases
⢠Contributing to pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss.
⢠cities characterized by
⢠- large concentration of human beings,
⢠-consumption of large resources, ;
⢠-spread over a relatively small geographic area.
⢠intensity of growth/development / concentration
⢠- of activities/human beings/industry/institutions,
⢠- cities best positioned to support circular business models,- -
- based on sharing, reuse or product-as-a-service models.
61. Circular Economy Cities
⢠- Operating on linear principle of take-make-waste economy,
⢠- globally cities created prosperity for last two centuries,- now
threatening human livelihood.
⢠- cities emerged as large consumers of- natural resources,
⢠- store house /breeding grounds of waste-
⢠Making Cities unsustainable/ inefficient
⢠Cities need to be planned, designed, constructed on principle of circular
economy, to make them
⢠- energy / resource efficient
⢠- generators of least waste
⢠- eliminators of carbon footprints.
⢠- -- making them vibrant, sustainable
⢠--bring enormous economic, social, environmental benefits
62. Circular Economy Cities
⢠-; Rationale, of circular economy in the urban planning -
ďˇ Planet earth - finite with finite resources
ďˇ Rapid depletion of resources - created over centuries.
ďˇ Cities getting littered with large waste
ďˇ -Polluting air , land , environment generated by waste-Making Cities polluted /
inefficient
ďˇ Large manpower/ mechanical resources involved in handling waste
ďˇ Ever increasing demand for land-- for dumping urban waste
ďˇ Generating green-house gases-- promoting global warming, climate change
ďˇ Increasing population - asking for more resources
ďˇ Limited capacity -of planet for replenishing depleted natural resources
ďˇ Inefficient / wasteful production processes-- consuming large resources
ďˇ Challenge posed by adoption of take- make-waste processes.
ďˇ Challenges posed by-- limited use of products
ďˇ Challenges posed by rapid urbanization / uncontrolled migration
ďˇ Inability of cities-- to provide basic services/infrastructures to inhabitants
ďˇ Cities becoming - liability on both natural - manmade resources
ďˇ Rising attitude of consumerism in human living
ďˇ -- shortening life of goods and services produced and consumed.
64. Circular Economy Cities
Ellen MacArthur; adopting circular economy-waste is
eliminated
⢠- products /materials used throughout lifecycle
⢠- natural systems regenerated.
⢠âfocus on reuse, repair, refurbishment
⢠when no longer be of use, then recycling.
⢠- approach involve changing
⢠- what we produce - how we produce â
⢠- - includes adopting modular design,
⢠designing for renewable materials,
⢠designing for easy repair/ disassembly/ designing new
products -with backwards compatibility - parts can
have multiple applications and used longer
65. Circular Economy Cities
⢠- circular city embedded with principles of circular economy .
⢠Everything operating in interconnected network
⢠designed to eliminate waste and pollution,
⢠circulate products and materials, regenerate nature.
⢠Having collaboration between citizens, government, research
facilities, businesses.
⢠City powered by renewable energy.
⢠All products, services, infrastructure, buildings, vehicles
designed as- durable, adaptable, modular, easy to maintain
and repurpose, from locally sourced materials
⢠Everything can be composted, reused, or recycled.
⢠Net outcome - a thriving local economy providing a vibrant,
livable and resilient way of life
66. Circular Economy Cities-Advantges
Adopting circular economy in urban planning â Help citi becoming net zero-
energy/water, net zero-waste and Net zero- carbon
ďˇ Mitigating worst impacts of climate change /global warming
ďˇ Minimising consumption of natural resources;
ďˇ making planet earth more sustainable.
ďˇ Achieving agenda, goals . targets ordained in 17, SDGs
ďˇ Helping cities, regions/ country eliminate- waste, circulate materials;
regenerate nature
ďˇ Making cities clean , green, happy and healthy space for working/ livable
ďˇ Eliminating nearly half of the global emissions,
ďˇ Empowering people / businesses-
ďˇ Re-looking at how we approach our goods / services.
ďˇ Redefining approach to redesigning, producing
ďˇ Using goods to eliminate waste / circulate materials
ďˇ Generating new typologies of industries;
ďˇ redefining raw materials and finished goods
67. Making Circular Economy a Distinct Reality;
â˘Making Planning , designing , constructing , managing cities, on circular economy we
would need;
â˘- active involvement /working closely with professionals/industry/policy makers/
professional institutes/academic institutions engaged in teaching- learning
â˘-Making circular economy part of urban planning process
â˘-Redefining Planning system /processes/tools/approach
â˘Improving Understanding of panners that circular economy is here to stay,
⢠collaboration across value chain/across industries.
⢠Circular Valley, the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area- creating model for collaboration,
what is poised to become the-- global centre of Circular Economy.. drawing global
market leaders- all sectors/ value chain for circular solutions.
⢠housing> 70 universities/ scientific institutions
â˘- focussing on material /production
â˘-- ensuring easy access to latest research / innovation.
⢠- harnessing capabilities from across sectors
68. Road blocks-in Making Circular Economy a Reality
⢠Biggest obstacles- Lack of awareness about circular economy
by planners
⢠non-availability of technologies for circular economy in
developing economies
â˘-Concentration of technologies- in developed markets;
⢠Non-availability of adequate resources
â˘;in-adequate legal/regulatory framework;
⢠inadequate skill, knowledge, understanding and expertise;
⢠lack of research/development and
⢠non- involvement of stakeholders;â state/parastatal agencies.
⢠need support / involvement of all professional - urban planners
development, management, industry businesses.
⢠Creating appropriate policy framework
69. Options- for Making Circular Economy a Reality
⢠Making Circular Economy integral part of urban planning process
⢠Reshaping cities; Planning for sustainable cities- Making cities compact
Redefining planning tools- Master Plans, Development Plans, Zonal Plans
⢠Planning for flatted development- instead plotted development
⢠Planning for Optimisation of land Resource - Using land 24x7x365
⢠Rationalising Planning Norms and Standards -Undertaking Land Audit
⢠-Planning Compact Cities --Promoting brown field development
⢠-Rationalising travel, traffic and transportation
⢠-Planning for people and not vehicles; Promoting accessibility- not mobility
⢠-Promoting Neighbourhood Planning
⢠-Redefining planning requirements-
⢠- Creating spaces for collection and processing of waste
⢠Using Local Materials
⢠-Using Re-cycled Materials
⢠-Opting for Modular Construction
⢠Opting for Off-site construction
79. Trees- Man Ratio
A human breathes about 9.5 tonnes of air /year
-- oxygen only makes up about 23 % of air by mass
-- One third of oxygen from each breath-- 740kg of oxygen / year.-
- -- roughly, seven / eight treesâ worth.
80. Greening Cities
Available open space/person in India-2.7 sqm
-Number of available trees/ person- Canada- 10,163
-Number of available trees-India- very low-- 28 trees
/person
-Need for Creating a network of interconnected Green
parks/ spaces @ 7 Trees / person
-Providing Green Space@ 9 Sqm/ pers
-Compensating all hard surfaces-- with greens within
buildings roofs/walls
-Greening Roofs/terraces/ Walls
-Preserving all natural areas
-Preserving water channels/ features/ Bio- Diversity
-Protecting existing flora/faun -Creating City Forests
- Using derelict areas for greening
- Greening all low lying areas
Declaring all existing trees as protected tree- Chandigarh
-Using local trees
81. Making Cities Cool-Heat Reduction
⢠Phasing out black/dark roofs in warm climates,
⢠Applying white-coatings to roads/roofs facades,
⢠Reflect more solar energy-save city from
prevailing high temperature.
⢠For promoting Cool cities
⢠-Paris, rationalized mobility by- creating new
bike lanes / limiting speed limit to 30 km/h for
motorized traffic.
⢠Havana-promoted urban agriculture
⢠Curitiba âused bus based mass transportation,
⢠Amsterdam --emerged worldâs cycling capital.
90. BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
â˘Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
ď16% of worldâs fresh water withdrawal.
ď25% of wood harvested.
ď30% of consumption of raw material.
ď50% of global energy consumption.
ď35% of worldâs
ďCO2 emission
ď40% of Municipal solid waste.
ď50% of Ozone depleting CFCâs still in use.
ď30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
â˘70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
â˘Buildings planned, designed and operated with utmost care
for considerations--- energy/ sustainability/resources
91. Defining- Green Buildings
â˘Buildings can achieve zero carbon by; Adopting Integrated
approach to design-Planning with nature, natural elements,
Climate, Evolving passive building design,- eliminating using
fossil fuel --for heating, cooling /air conditioning
⢠using on-site/off-site renewable energy,Retrofitting Buildings
â˘reducing use of high global warming potential refrigerants
92. Daylighting
Local materials
Indian Way of approaching design
⢠Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
â We worship 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Sustainable Sites
Jal (Water) Water Efficiency
Agni (Energy) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight
Views
Water body
96. Smart Technologies
⢠Using smart technologies for ;
⢠-- smart parking- to help find a parking space / allow for digital
payment.
⢠-- smart traffic management-- to monitor traffic flows / optimise
traffic lights to reduce congestion/ride-sharing services / digital bus
stops- bus schedule -Managing Traffic/parking --Minimizing travel
⢠Promoting Energy conservation / environmental efficiencies-
dimming streetlights when roads are emptyâ
⢠-- improving operations /maintenance / planning of power
supplies.
⢠-- Combat climate change / air pollution
⢠-- Promoting safety measures-- monitoring areas of high crime--
using sensors for early warning for floods, landslides, hurricanes or
droughts.
⢠-- Smart buildings --structural health monitoring -- feedback to
determine when repairs are necessary.
-- connect all services to provide combined solutions for citizens.
99. Future Cities-Conceptual
Ultima Tower- 2Mile High Sky City
â˘Location: Any densely populated urban
environment
â˘Date: 1991
â˘Cost: $150,000,000,000
â˘Population: 1,000,000 people
â˘Exterior surface area of building: 150,000,000
sft.
â˘Enclosed volume: 53,000,000,000 cubic feet
â˘Total enclosed acreage: 39,000 acres-156
secors
â˘Elevator speed: 20 feet per second (13 miles
per hour) 9 minutes and 40 seconds to reach
top floor from ground floor.
â˘Dimensions: Height--10,560 feet;
â˘Diameter at the base--6000 feet;
â˘Number of stories--500;
â˘Total Square Feet: Approximately 5,000,000 sft
100. Earth Scraper â Mexico City
⢠Location- Mexico City
⢠Depth 300 m below ground
⢠Designed as Inverted Pyramid
⢠Glass floor to cover 240 mtrs X
240 mtrs. hole in cities main
square to filter natural light
⢠Preserve cities historic centre
and heritage buildings
surrounding square.
⢠Interior of building to look
natural.
⢠Building -- cityâs top retail
destination.
101. â˘
Three Mantra for Sustainable/Carbon neutr
cities
⢠1. Achieve smart growth
⢠-- finding best options to do things sustainably
⢠-- promoting economic growth of people â
⢠-- making them earn good livelihood
⢠-- make them enjoy a good quality of life.
⢠2. Do more with lessâ
⢠-- cities need money-- to accomplish all wants .
⢠--Cities to collect, manage resources effectively/ efficiently
⢠3. Win support for change-
⢠- City leaders need to;-- deliver fast, positive, /visible results,
⢠- build support for changes.-- Involving high-performing civil
servants
⢠-- Embedding accountability for their workâSingapore model