JAX 2024: Go in der Praxis einsetzen

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1. 🖥️ CLI Tools
2. 🌐 Web App
3. λ Lambda Function

5 Fakten zu Go
1. statisches Typsystem
2. Garbage Collection
3. keine Vererbung
4. Concurrency eingebaut
5. native Ausführung
Linux, Win, z/OS, 386, amd64, ARM, wasm, ...

Go Proverbs
18 Prinzipien zurGo Entwicklung
#
von Rob Pike 2015 vorgestellt
#
"Clearis betterthan clever."
#

CLI Proverbs ohne Argumente
> pro
Clear is better than clever.

CLI Projekt aufsetzen
// 1. Go Modul erstellen (erzeugt go.mod)
> go mod init crossnative.com/pro
// 2. Datei main.go erstellen
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("Hello Go Pro!")
}
Ausführen
go build . // 1. Code kompilieren
./pro // 2. Binary ausführen
go run . // Code kompilieren und ausführen

Entwicklung
JetBrains
GoLand
Visual
Studio Code Vim Go

Proverbs Modul nutzen
// 1. Proverbs Modul Dependency
> go get github.com/jboursiquot/go-proverbs
// 2. Go Modul Descriptor go.mod
module crossnative.com/pro
go 1.22
require github.com/jboursiquot/go-proverbs v0.0.2

Zufälliges Proverb ausgeben
import (
"github.com/jboursiquot/go-proverbs"
)
package main
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"fmt"
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func main() {
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fmt.Println(proverbs.Random())
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}
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import (
)
package main
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"fmt"
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func main() {
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}
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package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
}
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// Ausgabe `go run .`
&{Make the zero value useful. http://youtube.com/322}

💡Structs und Pointer
// Pointer Variable auf Proverb Struct
var p *proverbs.Proverb = proverbs.Random()
package main
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import (
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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fmt.Println(p)
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}
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package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
// Pointer Variable auf Proverb Struct
fmt.Println(p)
}
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// Struct statt Klasse
type Proverb struct {
Saying string
Link string
}
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Zufälliges Proverb ausgeben
import (
)
package main
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"fmt"
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func main() {
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// Zugriff auf Property des Structs
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fmt.Println(p.Saying)
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}
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import (
)
package main
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"fmt"
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func main() {
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}
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package main
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import (
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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}
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package main
import (
"fmt"
)
func main() {
}
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// Ausgabe `go run .`
Make the zero value useful.

CLI Proverbs mit Count
> pro -count=3
Clear is better than clever.
Documentation is for users.
Don't panic.

Flag fürCount
"flag"
// 1. Flags definieren
var count *int = flag.Int("count", 1, "proverb count")
import (
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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// 2. Flags parsen
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flag.Parse()
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// 3. Ausgabe in Schleife
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for i := 0; i < *count; i++ {
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}
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}
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// 2. Flags parsen
flag.Parse()
import (
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"flag"
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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for i := 0; i < *count; i++ {
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}
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}
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for i := 0; i < *count; i++ {
}
import (
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"flag"
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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// 2. Flags parsen
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flag.Parse()
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}
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import (
"flag"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
// 2. Flags parsen
flag.Parse()
for i := 0; i < *count; i++ {
}
}
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// Compile mit `go build .`, Ausgabe mit `pro -count=2`
Reflection is never clear.

CLI Proverbs mit ungültigem Count
> pro -count=
flag needs an argument: -count
Usage of ./pro:
-count int
proverb count (default 1)

Flag fürCount Refactored
count := flag.Int("count", 1, "proverb count")
p := proverbs.Random()
import (
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"flag"
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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// 2. Flags parsen
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flag.Parse()
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for range *count {
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}
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}
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for range *count {
}
import (
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"flag"
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"fmt"
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)
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func main() {
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// 2. Flags parsen
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flag.Parse()
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}
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import (
"flag"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
// 2. Flags parsen
flag.Parse()
for range *count {
}
}
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// Compile mit `go build .`, Ausgabe mit `pro -count=2`
Reflection is never clear.

🖥️CLI Tool
File Downloader

File Downloader
ParallelerFile Download
#
Nutzt Goroutinen und Channels
#
Context is King
#

File Downloader1/3
func main() {
urls := []string{
"https://go.dev/dl/go1.22.2.src.tar.gz",
"https://go.dev/dl/go1.22.2.darwin-amd64.tar.gz",
}
}
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// URL Download
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ctx := context.Background()
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downloadURLs(ctx, urls)
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func downloadURLs(ctx context.Context, urls []string) {
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// ...
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}
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func main() {
urls := []string{
}
}
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// URL Download
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// ...
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}
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func main() {
// URL Download
}
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urls := []string{
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}
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// ...
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}
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func main() {
urls := []string{
}
// URL Download
}
// ...
}
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File Downloader2/3
// 1. Channel für Download Jobs
jobs := make(chan int, len(urls))
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// 2. Go Routinen für Downloads starten
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for _, url := range urls {
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go func() {
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downloadURL(ctx, url)
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jobs <- 1 // Send an Channel (blockiert)
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}()
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}
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// 3. Warten auf Ende aller Go Routinen
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for range len(urls) {
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<-jobs // Receive von Channel (blockiert)
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}
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}
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go func() {
}()
}
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}
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}
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}
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go func() {
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}()
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}
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}
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go func() {
}()
}
}
}
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File Downloader3/3
func downloadURL(ctx context.Context, url string) {
// 1. HTTP Request mit Context erstellen
req, _ := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
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// 2. HTTP Aufruf durchführen
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httpClient := http.Client{}
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resp, _ := httpClient.Do(req)
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defer resp.Body.Close()
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// 3. Ausgabe in Datei
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file, _ := os.Create(filepath.Base(url))
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defer file.Close()
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// 4. HTTP Body in Datei streamen
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io.Copy(file, resp.Body)
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}
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defer file.Close()
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}
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defer file.Close()
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}
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defer file.Close()
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}
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defer file.Close()
}
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File Downloader3/3 mit Fehlern
func downloadURL(ctx context.Context, url string) error {
}
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req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
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if err != nil {
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return err
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}
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// ...
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if err != nil {
return err
}
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// ...
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}
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if err != nil {
return err
}
// ...
}
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File Downloadermit Timeout
// 1. Context mit Cancel Func
ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
// 3. URL Download
func main() {
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urls := []string{
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}
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// 2. Timer Channel nutzen
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timer := time.After(3 * time.Second)
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go func() {
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<-timer // Receive timer Channel
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log.Println("Canceled due to timeout")
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cancel()
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}()
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}
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go func() {
cancel()
}()
func main() {
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urls := []string{
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}
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// 3. URL Download
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}
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go func() {
cancel()
}()
// 3. URL Download
func main() {
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urls := []string{
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}
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}
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File Downloadermit Interrupt
// 3. URL Download
func main() {
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urls := []string{
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}
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// 2. Interrupt Channel nutzen
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interrupt := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
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signal.Notify(interrupt, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
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go func() {
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<-interrupt // Receive interrupt Channel
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log.Println("Canceled due to interrupt")
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cancel()
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}()
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}
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go func() {
cancel()
}()
func main() {
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urls := []string{
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}
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// 3. URL Download
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}
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go func() {
cancel()
}()
// 3. URL Download
func main() {
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urls := []string{
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}
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}
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File Downloadermit Select
// + Timeout Channel
// + Interrupt Channel
func main() {
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go func() {
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select {
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// 2a. Receive timer Channel
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case <-timer:
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cancel()
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// 2b. Receive interrupt Channel
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case <-interrupt:
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cancel()
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}
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}()
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// 3. URL Download
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}
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select {
case <-timer:
cancel()
}
func main() {
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go func() {
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case <-interrupt:
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cancel()
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}()
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// 3. URL Download
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}
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select {
case <-interrupt:
cancel()
}
func main() {
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go func() {
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case <-timer:
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cancel()
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}()
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// 3. URL Download
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}
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select {
case <-timer:
cancel()
case <-interrupt:
cancel()
}
func main() {
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go func() {
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}()
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// 3. URL Download
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}
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🖥️CLI Tools
Standardlib Flags
#
einfache Releases mit Goreleaser
#
Cobra CLI Lib wenn's komplexerwird
#
Github, Kubernetes sind Go CLIs
#

Set up Cats App
# 1. Verzeichnis erstellen
mkdir cats
cd cats
# 2. Go Modul aufsetzen
go mod init crossnative.com/cats
# 3. Go Datei erstellen
touch main.go

Cat API simple
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("GET /api/cats", catAPIHandler)
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}
func catAPIHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "Meow!")
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w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
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}
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fmt.Fprintf(w, "Meow!")
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
}
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func main() {
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}
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Cat API mit JSON
// 1. Struct mit JSON Tag definieren
type Cat struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
}
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// 2. Slice erstellen
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cats := make([]Cat, 1)
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// 3. Struct erstellen und einfügen
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cats[0] = Cat{Name: "Ginger"}
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// 4. JSON rendern
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json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(cats)
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}
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func main() {
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}
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}
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type Cat struct {
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}
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// 4. JSON rendern
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func main() {
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}
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}
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type Cat struct {
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}
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// 4. JSON rendern
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func main() {
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}
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}
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type Cat struct {
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}
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// 4. JSON rendern
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func main() {
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}
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// 4. JSON rendern
}
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type Cat struct {
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}
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func main() {
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}
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type Cat struct {
}
// 4. JSON rendern
}
func main() {
}
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Cat API mit JSON
# Query cat API
curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/cats | jq
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[
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{
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"name": "Ginger"
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}
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]
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[
{
"name": "Ginger"
}
]
# Query cat API
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curl -s http://localhost:8080/api/cats | jq
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Test Cat API cat_api_test.go
func TestCatAPIHandler(t *testing.T) {
}
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// 1. Test Request erstellen
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req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/api/cats", nil)
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// 2. HTTP Recorder erstellen (ist http.ResponseWriter)
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rec := httptest.NewRecorder()
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// 3. Handler aufrufen
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catAPIHandler(rec, req)
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// 4. Response prüfen
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if rec.Code != http.StatusOK {
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t.Errorf("got status %v expected %v", rec.Code, http.StatusOK)
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
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}
}
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Test ausführen
go test -v ./...
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=== RUN TestCatAPIHandler
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--- PASS: TestCatAPIHandler (0.00s)
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PASS
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coverage: 50.0% of statements
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ok crossnative.com/cats 0.127s coverage: 50.0% of statements
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=== RUN TestCatAPIHandler
--- PASS: TestCatAPIHandler (0.00s)
PASS
coverage: 50.0% of statements
ok crossnative.com/cats 0.127s coverage: 50.0% of statements
go test -v ./...
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Cats Web App
// 1. Mulitplexer erzeugen
mux := http.NewServeMux()
func indexHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
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tpl := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("index.html"))
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tpl.Execute(w, nil)
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}
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func main() {
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// 2. Handler registrieren
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mux.HandleFunc("/", indexHandler)
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// 3. Server mit Mulitplexer starten
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http.ListenAndServe(":8080", mux)
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, nil)
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}
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func main() {
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, nil)
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}
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func main() {
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, nil)
}
func main() {
}
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File Serveraus Binary
//go:embed assets
var assets embed.FS
// Serve Files
mux.Handle("/assets/", http.FileServer(http.FS(assets)))
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func main() {
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}
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Index HandlerTemplate mit Daten
type Cat struct {
Name string
}
func indexHandler(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {
cat := make([]Cat, 1)
cat[0] = Cat{Name: "Ginger"}
// 3. Template rendern
tpl.Execute(w, cat)
}
<body>
<h1>Cats App</h1>
{{ range . }}
<h2>{{ .Name }}</h2>
{{ end }}
</body>

Index Handlermit Cats API
Query Cats API
GET https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/breeds?limit=5
[
{
"id": "abys",
"name": "Abyssinian",
"image": {
"url": "https://cdn2.thecatapi.com/0XYvRd7oD.jpg"
}
},
{
"id": "aege",
"name": "Aegean",
"image": {
"url": "https://cdn2.thecatapi.com/ozEvzdVM-.jpg"
}
},
...
]
Map JSON auf Struct
type Cat struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Image struct {
URL string `json:"url"`
} `json:"image"`
}

Index Handlermit Cats API
// 1. Cat API Aufruf (Fehler ignorieren)
resp, _ := http.Get("https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/breeds?limit=5")
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// 2. Slice für Cat Structs
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// 3. Response Body parsen
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body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
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json.Unmarshal(body, &cat)
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tpl.Execute(w, cat)
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, cat)
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, cat)
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, cat)
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}
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tpl.Execute(w, cat)
}
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Index Handlermit Fehlerhandling 💣
// 1. Cat API Aufruf
resp, err := http.Get("https://api.thecatapi.com/v1/breeds?limit=5")
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// Fehler behandeln
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if err != nil {
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http.Error(w, "Cats API error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
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return
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}
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err := json.Unmarshal(body, &cat)
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// TODO: Fehler behandeln
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err := tpl.Execute(w, cat)
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}
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// Fehler behandeln
if err != nil {
return
}
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}
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// Fehler behandeln
if err != nil {
return
}
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}
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🌐Web App
Standardlib JSON und Router
#
HTTPTests
#
Querschnittsfeatures durch Middleware
#

λ Lambda Function
Go ideal fürServerless Functions
#
schnellerStart, geringerSpeicherbedarf
#
unterstützt von AWS, Azure, Google
#

λ Lambda Function
// 1. Lambda Go Projekt aufsetzen
> sam init
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// 2. Lambda bauen
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> sam build
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// 3. Lambda ausführen
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> sam local invoke -e events/event.json
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Invoking bootstrap (provided.al2023)
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Local image is up-to-date
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Using local image: public.ecr.aws/lambda/provided:al2023-rapid-x86_64.
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Mounting .aws-sam/build/HelloWorldFunction, inside runtime container
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REPORT RequestId: 37876f36 Init Duration: 0.52 ms Duration: 80.04 ms
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Billed Duration: 81 ms Memory Size: 128 MB Max Memory Used: 128 MB
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{"statusCode": 200, "body": "Hello JAX!"}
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// 2. Lambda bauen
> sam build
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> sam init
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> sam init
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// 2. Lambda bauen
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> sam build
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> sam init
// 2. Lambda bauen
> sam build
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λ Lambda Function
# Query AWS Lambda
curl -s https://0up9.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/Prod/hello
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Hello JAX!
3 Hello JAX!
# Query AWS Lambda
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curl -s https://0up9.eu-north-1.amazonaws.com/Prod/hello
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3
Footprint
Package Size 5,3 MB
Billed Duration 70 ms
Max Memory Used 18 MB
Init Duration 63.66 ms
#
#
#
#

λ Lambda Function
func main() {
lambda.Start(handler)
}
import (
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"fmt"
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"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/events"
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"github.com/aws/aws-lambda-go/lambda"
4
)
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func handler(req events.APIGatewayProxyRequest) (events.APIGatewayProxyResponse, error)
7
return events.APIGatewayProxyResponse{
8
Body: "Hello JAX!",
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StatusCode: 200,
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}, nil
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}
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Body: "Hello JAX!",
StatusCode: 200,
}, nil
}
import (
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"fmt"
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4
)
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func main() {
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}
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import (
"fmt"
)
Body: "Hello JAX!",
StatusCode: 200,
}, nil
}
func main() {
}
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🖥️CLI Tools
Projekt Setup
Variablen,
Schleifen
Goroutinen,
Channels
Context
Structs
#
#
#
#
#
🌐Web App
Web Server
Slice
Unit Test
JSON
Fehlerhandling
#
#
#
#
#
λ Lambda Func
AWS Setup
Serverless
Experience
#
#

3 Gründe fürGo
1. Einfach
2. Mächtig
3. Langweilig

Go liebt
Microservices Serverless Functions
Kommandozeilen-Tools DevOps und Cloud

Jan Stamer
jan.stamer@crossnative.com

JAX 2024: Go in der Praxis einsetzen

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