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Taking stock โ€“ Davos 2010 Alec Hogg  March 2010
Global power nexus
Icy reception for some
Major theme #1 Bank bashing Sarkozy leads the charge in his official opening address Implication Banking shares appear to be high risk investment right now, butโ€ฆ
Major theme #2 Rise of China Front and centre in every discussion; represented by rising star, Vice President Li Keqiang Implication Megatrend of power shift from West to East gaining momentum, aided by Crisis
Major theme #3 European problems mounting Greek President George Papandreou trying his best but massive gap in credibility exists Implication Ancient problems of waste, corruption, state crowding, poor competitiveness in spotlight; Major realignment of currencies
Major theme #4 Climate change Despite Copenhagenโ€™s failure, political will created through voter concern at threat to mankind Implication Massive investment in alternatives to fossil fuels; realignment of costs to increase incentives for innovation
Major theme #5 African awakening Continent attracting serious interest as an investment destination; IMF forecasts it is the third growth story after China and India Verdict South Africa the continental gateway, but Chinese wonโ€™t be the only competition for local firms
Looking ahead
Investment pointers Bank bashing to hurt ST but re-rate sector long-term China is re-writing rules for commoditised businesses Westโ€™s structural problems to cause revaluation of subsidy distorted assets and currencies; but also lead to much increased competition globally  Climate change will unleash human potential to solve energy problems โ€“ challenge fossil fuel dominance
More info? Subscribe to Boardroom Talk via www.moneyweb.co.za Contact alec@moneyweb.co.za Follow daily updates via www.twitter/alechogg โ€œFriendโ€ me at www.facebook/alechogg Listen in nightly at 6pm on SAFM (104-107FM)
Thank you
Investment  Perspectives Wayne McCurrie  March 2010
Navigating choppy waters: Staying the course through market uncertainty It is tempting for nervous investors to make short-term moves out of uncertain markets and plan to re-enter when things are calmer However, it is very difficult to time the moves out of and back into the market, and you could end up taking needless losses and missing out on significant gains
Navigating choppy waters: Staying the course through market uncertainty Investors sell at the bottom โ€“ When Bad News prevails And buy at the top โ€“ When Good News prevails Therefore essential to have some sort of guidance as to what to expect from markets Where we have been โ€“ where we are now โ€“ and where are we going to be in two years time
The Classic Investor Cycle MAXIMUM RISK This is the best thing I have ever done !! What a good choice I  made !! FUND INFLOWS This is a really  good investment EUPHORIA Donโ€™t worry the market is consolidating THINGS CANT GET BETTER DOUBT Look at last years good return Temporary setback I am a long term investor ANXIETY EXCITEMENT Maybe I panicked ! DENIAL REVIVAL Why did I ever buy this ? FEAR OPTIMISTIC OPTIMISTIC MAXIMUM REWARD DOUBT DEPRESSION I really got bad advice Was it right to sell ?? THINGS CANT  GET WORSE PANIC I will not do this again !! DESPONDENT MARKET CYCLE CAPITULATE DESPERATE I must get out. Cash is King FUND OUTFLOWS
Markets are NOT STUPID โ€“ THEY KNOW the existing news and circumstances Quite frankly โ€“ the market is not ALL THAT interested in the current news Markets are (basically) only interested in what is GOING TO HAPPEN, not what is actually happening Markets will discount future anticipated events That is why markets move sometimes contrary to expectations โ€“ They go up in bad time and down in good times. MARKETS MOVE ON THE DRUMBEATS OF TOMORROW HUMANS move on the drumbeats of yesterday and today
The Investment Clock Getting Guidance โ€“ โ€œRoad mapโ€ Markets and the economy ARE related (intricately)  Therefore studying the economy and forecasting the future is VITAL in understanding markets MARKETS MOVE ON THE DRUMBEATS OF TOMORROW HUMANS move on the drumbeats of yesterday and today
Navigating choppy waters:  The economic cycle PEAK SLOWDOWN BOTTOM RECOVERY MAXIMUM RISK GOOD NEWS STRONG GROWTH INFLATION LOW INTEREST RATES LOW THINGS CANโ€™T  GET ANY BETTER START OF DOWN TURN INFLATION RISING INTEREST RATES RISING INFLATION MODERATING INTEREST RATES AT PEAK ECONOMY IN TROUBLE THINGS CANโ€™T GET ANY WORSE INFLATION FALLING INTEREST RATES DOWN GROWTH INPROVING MAXIMUM REWARD
The investment clock โ€“ the basic economic cycle Peak Expansion Slowdown Bottom 20
The investment clock โ€“ inflation and growth FallingInflationRising Peak Expansion FallingInflation Rising Slowdown Bottom FallingInflationRising 21
The investment clock โ€“ inflation and growth FallingInflationRising Peak Expansion FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowth Rising FallingGrowthRising Slowdown Bottom FallingInflationRising 22
The investment clock โ€“ asset returns FallingInflationRising Neutral Equity Peak Expansion Sell Sell Max Underweight Equity Max Overweight Equity FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowthRising Buy Buy Bottom Slowdown Neutral Equity FallingInflationRising 23
The investment clock โ€“ sector allocations FallingInflationRising Neutral Equity Peak Expansion Sectors Neutral Financials Overweight Resources Neutral Industrials Sell Banks Sectors  Underweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Cyclical Industrials Overweight Staple Industrials Sell Resources Sell Cyclicals Sell Resources Sell Staples Buy Banks Buy Resources Buy Industrials Sell Banks Max Underweight Equity Max Overweight Equity FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowthRising Buy Cyclicals Buy Resources Sectors Overweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Industrials Sectors Neutral Financials Underweight Resources Underweight All Industrials Buy Banks Neutral Equity Bottom Slowdown FallingInflationRising 24
Inflation falling rising Overheat Recovery rising Growth falling Contraction Stagflation Average return during the relevant phase since 1960 Average annual asset class return since 1960 Investment clock โ€“ back-tested asset class returns since 1960 25
The investment clock โ€“ where are we now? FallingInflationRising Neutral Equity Peak Expansion Sectors Neutral Financials Overweight Resources Neutral Industrials Sectors  Underweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Cyclical Industrials Overweight Staple Industrials 2q 10 3q 10 1q 10 4q 11 4q 10 Max Underweight Equity Max Overweight Equity 4q 09 2q 11 FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowthRising 2q 08 3q 08 1q 11 1q 08 3q 09 Sectors Overweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Industrials Sectors Neutral Financials Underweight Resources Underweight All Industrials 4q 08 1q 09 Neutral Equity 2q 09 Bottom Slowdown FallingInflationRising 26
Some perspectives on marketsay and today
S&P 500 ten year performance S&P 500 Composite โ€“ 1/29/2010 Source: Thomson Reuters Datasrear
USA Share Market Made very little money on USA shares for ten years
US equities close to fair value S&P 500 current price/long-term average earnings Current price/long-term earnings
Local equity close to fair value Current price/long-term sustainable earnings Long-term exit PE
Navigating in a high volatility environment Sam Houlie March 2010
12 months ago.......we thought the world was about to end!!
โ€ฆinstead Global equities recovered strongly since March 2009 MSCI World Index (in US$) (1133.3) The MSCI World gained 31% in 2009 and the MSCI EM gained a record 79%. Source:  I-Net Bridge
The US market has recovered astonishingly quicklyโ€ฆ.. Source:  Macquarie Research; Quarterly Strategy, 27 January 2010
2009 highlights Central banks and governments threw money at the credit crisis Governments increased spending Governments cut taxes and provided subsidies for the purchase of houses, cars and household appliances Central banks bought government bonds (Quantitative Easing) Source: Slate; Plexus Asset Management
2009 highlights China helped pull the rest of the world out of recession GDP growth โ€œrecoveredโ€ from 6.1% in the 1st quarter to 10.7% in the 4th quarter and is forecast to grow 9.4% in 2010 China overtook Germany to be the worldโ€™s largest exporter China overtook the US to become the world's largest car market Source: JP Morgan
2009 highlights  The global recession ended in the 3rd quarter The recession in the developed world ended in the 3rd quarter but unemployment remains high at 9.7% in the US, 10.0% in Europe and 24.3% in SA Source: Plexus Asset Management
2009 highlights The dollar came under pressure The dollar weakened on declining risk aversion and a resumption of the carry trade as the Fed drove rates down to 0.25% Commodities rallied with the oil price doubling and the gold price hitting a new high of $1220 Commodity currencies also benefitted with the Brazillian Real up 33%, the Rand up 28%, the Aussie Dollar up 24% and the Norwegian Krone up 20% Source: Appraisal News Online, Plexus Asset Management
Commodity fund flow - December 2009 Cumulative inflows by year US$ billions Source: JPMorgan and Bloomberg
... but copper looks vulnerable to rising inventories Source: Citigroup Global Markets; 8 January 2010
Chinaโ€™s investment boom unprecedented GFCF/GDP of various countries Source: IMF, Pivot
Cement capacity in stratosphere Source: US Geological Survey, UN, Pivot
No surprises here - the market has leaped upward! The FTSE/JSE All Share Index (in ZAR) (26764.6) The JSE rose more than 100% in US$ since the beginning of March 2009 to December 2009 -45.4% 47.4% Source: I-Net Bridge
So we better see some earnings come through! Trailing PE:	17.4x EPS-growth:	30%* Forward PE:	13.4x Exit PE	14.5x Expected Return:	12% 		(3% DY) SA Equities: Earnings GrowthSince 1960 to end February 2010, Rolling 12-month %-change  * I-Net consensus Source: I-Net Bridge
Markets can go sideways for an extended period Dow Jones: 1975 to 1982
Increased volatility offers opportunities for stock pickers Dow Jones: 1975 to 1982 Cum.%	p.a. % Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway	676%	34% Sequoia Fund (Bill Ruane)	415%	28%
Increased volatility offers opportunities for stock picking Number of Doubles or Greater Over Rolling One-Year Period (Top 500 Companies) Number of Doubles or Greater Over Rolling Three-Year Periods (Top 500 Companies) Number of Doubles or Greater Over Rolling Three-Year Periods (Top 500 Companies) Source: Empirical Research Partners, Legg Mason Capital Management
Discovery Equity FundTop 10 Equity Holdings (% of fund) โ€ฆ.the fund is VERY DIFFERENT to the market and the average fund
Discovery Equity Fund Cumulative performance as at 31 January 2010 Source:  Morningstar Returns are calculated on a bid-to-bid basis, net of fees, with gross income reinvested.
Summary โ€“ steadily shifting back into cautious mode โ€œThe central principle of investment is to go contrary to the general opinionโ€  JM Keynes We anticipate a great environment for stock picking We are buying quality and under-valued laggards We are attracted to stocks with resilient, depressed or below average profit margins We remain underweight Resources (except for paper, gold, energy and a fledgling position in steel) We are positioning for Rand weakness and are most attracted to non-commodity Rand hedges  We remain concerned about the current momentum Risk-premia across a variety of stocks and asset classes are way too low and investors should be more discerning from this point forward Equities should outperform bonds and cash.  However, on a prospective basis, the return for equities could prove disappointing relative to current expectations
Equity markets almost always peak when rates are low, so moving in desperation away from low rates into substantially overpriced equities always ends badly Jeremy Grantham
Thank you
Disclaimer All information and opinions provided are of a general nature and are not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity.ย ย We are not acting and do not purport to act in any way as an advisor or in a fiduciary capacity.ย ย No one should act upon such information or opinion without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of a particular situation.ย ย We endeavour to provide accurate and timely information but we make no representation or warranty, express or implied, with respect to the correctness, accuracy or completeness of the information and opinions.ย ย We do not undertake to update, modify or amend the information on a frequent basis or to advise any person if such information subsequently becomes inaccurate.ย ย Any representation or opinion is provided for information purposes only.ย ย  Investec Asset Management will not be held liable or responsible for any direct or consequential loss or damage suffered by any party as a result of that party acting on or failing to act on the basis of the information provided by or omitted from this document.ย ย This document may not be amended, reproduced, distributed or published without the prior written consent of Investec Asset Management. In the event that specific collective investment schemes in securities (unit trusts) are mentioned please refer to the relevant fact sheet in order to obtain all the necessary information in regard to that unit trust.ย ย  Collective Investment Schemes in Securities (CIS) are generally medium to long-term investments. The value of participatory interests may go down as well as up and past performance is not necessarily a guide to the future. CIS are traded at ruling prices and can engage in borrowing and scrip lending. A schedule of fees and charges and maximum commissions is available on request from the company/scheme. Commission and incentives may be paid and if so, would be included in the overall costs. Forward pricing is used.  Certain Investec Asset Management funds are offered as long-term insurance policies issued by Investec Assurance Limited, a registered insurer in terms of the Long-term Insurance Act. Investec Asset Management is an authorised financial services provider.

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Investing in 2010

  • 1. Taking stock โ€“ Davos 2010 Alec Hogg March 2010
  • 4. Major theme #1 Bank bashing Sarkozy leads the charge in his official opening address Implication Banking shares appear to be high risk investment right now, butโ€ฆ
  • 5. Major theme #2 Rise of China Front and centre in every discussion; represented by rising star, Vice President Li Keqiang Implication Megatrend of power shift from West to East gaining momentum, aided by Crisis
  • 6. Major theme #3 European problems mounting Greek President George Papandreou trying his best but massive gap in credibility exists Implication Ancient problems of waste, corruption, state crowding, poor competitiveness in spotlight; Major realignment of currencies
  • 7. Major theme #4 Climate change Despite Copenhagenโ€™s failure, political will created through voter concern at threat to mankind Implication Massive investment in alternatives to fossil fuels; realignment of costs to increase incentives for innovation
  • 8. Major theme #5 African awakening Continent attracting serious interest as an investment destination; IMF forecasts it is the third growth story after China and India Verdict South Africa the continental gateway, but Chinese wonโ€™t be the only competition for local firms
  • 10. Investment pointers Bank bashing to hurt ST but re-rate sector long-term China is re-writing rules for commoditised businesses Westโ€™s structural problems to cause revaluation of subsidy distorted assets and currencies; but also lead to much increased competition globally Climate change will unleash human potential to solve energy problems โ€“ challenge fossil fuel dominance
  • 11. More info? Subscribe to Boardroom Talk via www.moneyweb.co.za Contact alec@moneyweb.co.za Follow daily updates via www.twitter/alechogg โ€œFriendโ€ me at www.facebook/alechogg Listen in nightly at 6pm on SAFM (104-107FM)
  • 13. Investment Perspectives Wayne McCurrie March 2010
  • 14. Navigating choppy waters: Staying the course through market uncertainty It is tempting for nervous investors to make short-term moves out of uncertain markets and plan to re-enter when things are calmer However, it is very difficult to time the moves out of and back into the market, and you could end up taking needless losses and missing out on significant gains
  • 15. Navigating choppy waters: Staying the course through market uncertainty Investors sell at the bottom โ€“ When Bad News prevails And buy at the top โ€“ When Good News prevails Therefore essential to have some sort of guidance as to what to expect from markets Where we have been โ€“ where we are now โ€“ and where are we going to be in two years time
  • 16. The Classic Investor Cycle MAXIMUM RISK This is the best thing I have ever done !! What a good choice I made !! FUND INFLOWS This is a really good investment EUPHORIA Donโ€™t worry the market is consolidating THINGS CANT GET BETTER DOUBT Look at last years good return Temporary setback I am a long term investor ANXIETY EXCITEMENT Maybe I panicked ! DENIAL REVIVAL Why did I ever buy this ? FEAR OPTIMISTIC OPTIMISTIC MAXIMUM REWARD DOUBT DEPRESSION I really got bad advice Was it right to sell ?? THINGS CANT GET WORSE PANIC I will not do this again !! DESPONDENT MARKET CYCLE CAPITULATE DESPERATE I must get out. Cash is King FUND OUTFLOWS
  • 17. Markets are NOT STUPID โ€“ THEY KNOW the existing news and circumstances Quite frankly โ€“ the market is not ALL THAT interested in the current news Markets are (basically) only interested in what is GOING TO HAPPEN, not what is actually happening Markets will discount future anticipated events That is why markets move sometimes contrary to expectations โ€“ They go up in bad time and down in good times. MARKETS MOVE ON THE DRUMBEATS OF TOMORROW HUMANS move on the drumbeats of yesterday and today
  • 18. The Investment Clock Getting Guidance โ€“ โ€œRoad mapโ€ Markets and the economy ARE related (intricately) Therefore studying the economy and forecasting the future is VITAL in understanding markets MARKETS MOVE ON THE DRUMBEATS OF TOMORROW HUMANS move on the drumbeats of yesterday and today
  • 19. Navigating choppy waters: The economic cycle PEAK SLOWDOWN BOTTOM RECOVERY MAXIMUM RISK GOOD NEWS STRONG GROWTH INFLATION LOW INTEREST RATES LOW THINGS CANโ€™T GET ANY BETTER START OF DOWN TURN INFLATION RISING INTEREST RATES RISING INFLATION MODERATING INTEREST RATES AT PEAK ECONOMY IN TROUBLE THINGS CANโ€™T GET ANY WORSE INFLATION FALLING INTEREST RATES DOWN GROWTH INPROVING MAXIMUM REWARD
  • 20. The investment clock โ€“ the basic economic cycle Peak Expansion Slowdown Bottom 20
  • 21. The investment clock โ€“ inflation and growth FallingInflationRising Peak Expansion FallingInflation Rising Slowdown Bottom FallingInflationRising 21
  • 22. The investment clock โ€“ inflation and growth FallingInflationRising Peak Expansion FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowth Rising FallingGrowthRising Slowdown Bottom FallingInflationRising 22
  • 23. The investment clock โ€“ asset returns FallingInflationRising Neutral Equity Peak Expansion Sell Sell Max Underweight Equity Max Overweight Equity FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowthRising Buy Buy Bottom Slowdown Neutral Equity FallingInflationRising 23
  • 24. The investment clock โ€“ sector allocations FallingInflationRising Neutral Equity Peak Expansion Sectors Neutral Financials Overweight Resources Neutral Industrials Sell Banks Sectors Underweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Cyclical Industrials Overweight Staple Industrials Sell Resources Sell Cyclicals Sell Resources Sell Staples Buy Banks Buy Resources Buy Industrials Sell Banks Max Underweight Equity Max Overweight Equity FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowthRising Buy Cyclicals Buy Resources Sectors Overweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Industrials Sectors Neutral Financials Underweight Resources Underweight All Industrials Buy Banks Neutral Equity Bottom Slowdown FallingInflationRising 24
  • 25. Inflation falling rising Overheat Recovery rising Growth falling Contraction Stagflation Average return during the relevant phase since 1960 Average annual asset class return since 1960 Investment clock โ€“ back-tested asset class returns since 1960 25
  • 26. The investment clock โ€“ where are we now? FallingInflationRising Neutral Equity Peak Expansion Sectors Neutral Financials Overweight Resources Neutral Industrials Sectors Underweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Cyclical Industrials Overweight Staple Industrials 2q 10 3q 10 1q 10 4q 11 4q 10 Max Underweight Equity Max Overweight Equity 4q 09 2q 11 FallingGrowthRising FallingGrowthRising 2q 08 3q 08 1q 11 1q 08 3q 09 Sectors Overweight Financials Neutral Resources Underweight Industrials Sectors Neutral Financials Underweight Resources Underweight All Industrials 4q 08 1q 09 Neutral Equity 2q 09 Bottom Slowdown FallingInflationRising 26
  • 27. Some perspectives on marketsay and today
  • 28. S&P 500 ten year performance S&P 500 Composite โ€“ 1/29/2010 Source: Thomson Reuters Datasrear
  • 29. USA Share Market Made very little money on USA shares for ten years
  • 30. US equities close to fair value S&P 500 current price/long-term average earnings Current price/long-term earnings
  • 31. Local equity close to fair value Current price/long-term sustainable earnings Long-term exit PE
  • 32. Navigating in a high volatility environment Sam Houlie March 2010
  • 33. 12 months ago.......we thought the world was about to end!!
  • 34. โ€ฆinstead Global equities recovered strongly since March 2009 MSCI World Index (in US$) (1133.3) The MSCI World gained 31% in 2009 and the MSCI EM gained a record 79%. Source: I-Net Bridge
  • 35. The US market has recovered astonishingly quicklyโ€ฆ.. Source: Macquarie Research; Quarterly Strategy, 27 January 2010
  • 36. 2009 highlights Central banks and governments threw money at the credit crisis Governments increased spending Governments cut taxes and provided subsidies for the purchase of houses, cars and household appliances Central banks bought government bonds (Quantitative Easing) Source: Slate; Plexus Asset Management
  • 37. 2009 highlights China helped pull the rest of the world out of recession GDP growth โ€œrecoveredโ€ from 6.1% in the 1st quarter to 10.7% in the 4th quarter and is forecast to grow 9.4% in 2010 China overtook Germany to be the worldโ€™s largest exporter China overtook the US to become the world's largest car market Source: JP Morgan
  • 38. 2009 highlights The global recession ended in the 3rd quarter The recession in the developed world ended in the 3rd quarter but unemployment remains high at 9.7% in the US, 10.0% in Europe and 24.3% in SA Source: Plexus Asset Management
  • 39. 2009 highlights The dollar came under pressure The dollar weakened on declining risk aversion and a resumption of the carry trade as the Fed drove rates down to 0.25% Commodities rallied with the oil price doubling and the gold price hitting a new high of $1220 Commodity currencies also benefitted with the Brazillian Real up 33%, the Rand up 28%, the Aussie Dollar up 24% and the Norwegian Krone up 20% Source: Appraisal News Online, Plexus Asset Management
  • 40. Commodity fund flow - December 2009 Cumulative inflows by year US$ billions Source: JPMorgan and Bloomberg
  • 41. ... but copper looks vulnerable to rising inventories Source: Citigroup Global Markets; 8 January 2010
  • 42. Chinaโ€™s investment boom unprecedented GFCF/GDP of various countries Source: IMF, Pivot
  • 43. Cement capacity in stratosphere Source: US Geological Survey, UN, Pivot
  • 44. No surprises here - the market has leaped upward! The FTSE/JSE All Share Index (in ZAR) (26764.6) The JSE rose more than 100% in US$ since the beginning of March 2009 to December 2009 -45.4% 47.4% Source: I-Net Bridge
  • 45. So we better see some earnings come through! Trailing PE: 17.4x EPS-growth: 30%* Forward PE: 13.4x Exit PE 14.5x Expected Return: 12% (3% DY) SA Equities: Earnings GrowthSince 1960 to end February 2010, Rolling 12-month %-change * I-Net consensus Source: I-Net Bridge
  • 46. Markets can go sideways for an extended period Dow Jones: 1975 to 1982
  • 47. Increased volatility offers opportunities for stock pickers Dow Jones: 1975 to 1982 Cum.% p.a. % Warren Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway 676% 34% Sequoia Fund (Bill Ruane) 415% 28%
  • 48. Increased volatility offers opportunities for stock picking Number of Doubles or Greater Over Rolling One-Year Period (Top 500 Companies) Number of Doubles or Greater Over Rolling Three-Year Periods (Top 500 Companies) Number of Doubles or Greater Over Rolling Three-Year Periods (Top 500 Companies) Source: Empirical Research Partners, Legg Mason Capital Management
  • 49. Discovery Equity FundTop 10 Equity Holdings (% of fund) โ€ฆ.the fund is VERY DIFFERENT to the market and the average fund
  • 50. Discovery Equity Fund Cumulative performance as at 31 January 2010 Source: Morningstar Returns are calculated on a bid-to-bid basis, net of fees, with gross income reinvested.
  • 51.
  • 52. Summary โ€“ steadily shifting back into cautious mode โ€œThe central principle of investment is to go contrary to the general opinionโ€ JM Keynes We anticipate a great environment for stock picking We are buying quality and under-valued laggards We are attracted to stocks with resilient, depressed or below average profit margins We remain underweight Resources (except for paper, gold, energy and a fledgling position in steel) We are positioning for Rand weakness and are most attracted to non-commodity Rand hedges We remain concerned about the current momentum Risk-premia across a variety of stocks and asset classes are way too low and investors should be more discerning from this point forward Equities should outperform bonds and cash. However, on a prospective basis, the return for equities could prove disappointing relative to current expectations
  • 53. Equity markets almost always peak when rates are low, so moving in desperation away from low rates into substantially overpriced equities always ends badly Jeremy Grantham
  • 55. Disclaimer All information and opinions provided are of a general nature and are not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity.ย ย We are not acting and do not purport to act in any way as an advisor or in a fiduciary capacity.ย ย No one should act upon such information or opinion without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of a particular situation.ย ย We endeavour to provide accurate and timely information but we make no representation or warranty, express or implied, with respect to the correctness, accuracy or completeness of the information and opinions.ย ย We do not undertake to update, modify or amend the information on a frequent basis or to advise any person if such information subsequently becomes inaccurate.ย ย Any representation or opinion is provided for information purposes only.ย ย  Investec Asset Management will not be held liable or responsible for any direct or consequential loss or damage suffered by any party as a result of that party acting on or failing to act on the basis of the information provided by or omitted from this document.ย ย This document may not be amended, reproduced, distributed or published without the prior written consent of Investec Asset Management. In the event that specific collective investment schemes in securities (unit trusts) are mentioned please refer to the relevant fact sheet in order to obtain all the necessary information in regard to that unit trust.ย ย  Collective Investment Schemes in Securities (CIS) are generally medium to long-term investments. The value of participatory interests may go down as well as up and past performance is not necessarily a guide to the future. CIS are traded at ruling prices and can engage in borrowing and scrip lending. A schedule of fees and charges and maximum commissions is available on request from the company/scheme. Commission and incentives may be paid and if so, would be included in the overall costs. Forward pricing is used. Certain Investec Asset Management funds are offered as long-term insurance policies issued by Investec Assurance Limited, a registered insurer in terms of the Long-term Insurance Act. Investec Asset Management is an authorised financial services provider.