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Antiderivadas e Integrales
Se pide encontrar la función f(x), cuya derivada es:
𝒇´(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐
Inicialmente se podría considerar f(x)= 𝑥3:
ya que
𝐝
𝐝𝐱
𝑥3 = 3𝑥2
La función f es una primitiva o antiderivada de f en un intervalo I
f1(𝐱) = 𝒙𝟑
f2(𝐱) = 𝒙𝟑- 5
f3(𝐱) = 𝒙𝟑+ 97
Pero resulta que existen varias funciones que cumplen
𝐝
𝐝𝐱
𝑥3 = 3𝑥2
Si f(x) es una antiderivada de f ´ en un intervalo I, la antiderivada
más general de f en I es:
𝑓 (𝒙) + 𝑪
donde C es una constante arbitraria.
Las antiderivadas de una misma función difieren en una constante.
Definición:
Una función f se llama antiderivada de una función f´ en un intervalo I,
si la derivada de f es f´.
f’(x) f’(x
)
f’(x
) f’(x)
f’(x)
f’(x)
f(x)
f(x)
f(x)
f(x)
𝑑𝑥
Una ecuación como 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥) se llama ecuación diferencial
Al resolver una ecuación diferencial de la forma:
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
=𝑓(𝑥)
conviene más expresarla en la forma:
𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
𝒅𝒚 =
Integral = antiderivada
Si se integra la derivada, se obtiene la función original más una constante.
Funciones originales
La integral (antiderivada) de una derivada da la función original + una constante.
La derivada del resultado de una integral da la función original
PROPIEDADES DE LA INTEGRAL INDEFINIDA
1. Del múltiplo constante:
kf (x)dx  k f (x)dx
2. De la suma o diferencia:
f (x)  g(x)dx   f (x)dx  g(x)dx
 f (x)g(x)dx   f (x)dx g(x)dx
CUIDADO:
Si Ud. deriva el resultado de una integral debe dar la función que esta integrando:
𝒅 (
𝒙𝟑
𝟑
+𝒄)
𝒅𝒙
=𝒙𝟐
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I
INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I

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INTEGRALES MATEMATICAS INTEGRADORAS DE I

  • 2. Se pide encontrar la función f(x), cuya derivada es: 𝒇´(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐
  • 3. Inicialmente se podría considerar f(x)= 𝑥3: ya que 𝐝 𝐝𝐱 𝑥3 = 3𝑥2 La función f es una primitiva o antiderivada de f en un intervalo I
  • 4. f1(𝐱) = 𝒙𝟑 f2(𝐱) = 𝒙𝟑- 5 f3(𝐱) = 𝒙𝟑+ 97 Pero resulta que existen varias funciones que cumplen 𝐝 𝐝𝐱 𝑥3 = 3𝑥2
  • 5. Si f(x) es una antiderivada de f ´ en un intervalo I, la antiderivada más general de f en I es: 𝑓 (𝒙) + 𝑪 donde C es una constante arbitraria. Las antiderivadas de una misma función difieren en una constante.
  • 6. Definición: Una función f se llama antiderivada de una función f´ en un intervalo I, si la derivada de f es f´.
  • 8. 𝑑𝑥 Una ecuación como 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) se llama ecuación diferencial Al resolver una ecuación diferencial de la forma: 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 =𝑓(𝑥) conviene más expresarla en la forma: 𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙
  • 9.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 14. Si se integra la derivada, se obtiene la función original más una constante. Funciones originales La integral (antiderivada) de una derivada da la función original + una constante. La derivada del resultado de una integral da la función original
  • 15.
  • 16. PROPIEDADES DE LA INTEGRAL INDEFINIDA 1. Del múltiplo constante: kf (x)dx  k f (x)dx 2. De la suma o diferencia: f (x)  g(x)dx   f (x)dx  g(x)dx  f (x)g(x)dx   f (x)dx g(x)dx CUIDADO:
  • 17.
  • 18. Si Ud. deriva el resultado de una integral debe dar la función que esta integrando: 𝒅 ( 𝒙𝟑 𝟑 +𝒄) 𝒅𝒙 =𝒙𝟐