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1. M.G.Science Institute
Geology Department
Topic: Influence of geological condition on foundation
and design of building.
Name : Shreya Rajan
Roll.no.: 08
Msc sem 4
Guided by : Dr. H.V.Majethiya sir

2. DAM
• A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground
streams.
• Reservoirs created by dams only suppress floods but also provide water
for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use,
aquaculture, and navigability.
• At the proposed dam site, of the river vallley is narrow, only a samll dam
is required, which means the cost of dam construction will be less. On the
other hand, if the valley is wide, a bigger dam is necessary which means
the construction cost will be very high.

3. •

4. Bedrock at Shallow Depth
• To ensure its safety and stability, a dam has to necessarilly rest on
physically very strong and structurally very stable

5. Component Rocks for Safe Foundation
• If igneous rocks occurs at selected dam site, they will offer a safe
basis, and weak sedimentary rocks, particularly shales poorly
cemented sandstone and limestone are naturally undesirable to serve
as foundation rocks.

6. EARTHQUAKE ZONE
• If dam is situated in an earthquake zone, its design must include
earthquake forces. The type of structure best suited to resist earthquake
shock without danger are earthen dams and concrete gravity dams.

7. TUNNELS
• A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through the surrounding soil/
rock and enclosed except for entrance and exit, commonly at each end.
• A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed
tube construction techniques have used immersed tube construction
techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring methods.

8. Geological Conditions For Tunnels
• Geological discontinuties and associated strength and deformation
behaviour
• Groundwater conditions
• Squeezing and swelling rock condition
• Running ground
• Rock temprature
• Topographic conditions

9. Geological Discontinuities and associated strength
and deformation behaviour
• Effect of faults
The relation between the fault slope direction and the tunnel direction,
width of the fault zone, type and thickness of the fill material and the
hydrostatic pressures in both sides of the fault are some problems in
tunneling.

10. • Tunnel excavation in the slopes
The discontinuities (layers, fissure) inclined inside or outside of the
slope are very important regarding the stress and strengthof the tunnel.

11. • Effect of the tunnel through folded rocks
While tunnel is excavated in an area that contains folded rocks,
different stresses and conditions may occur depending on the fold type.
• Tunnel Alignment parallel to the axis of a fold
• Tunnel Alignment perpendicular to the axis of fold

12. Groundwater Conditions
• The presence of groundwater is recognized as a major hazard in
addition to causing operational difficulties in respect of tunnel
construction works.

13. Running Ground
• This is often saturated and the presence of water can encourage
liquefaction when disturbed by tunneling activities.

14. Rock Temprature
• Temprature increases about 10 c for every 60-80 meters in
geologically stable areas and 10 c for 10-15 meters in volcanically
active areas.
• Effective ventilations is perhaps the only mean to alleviate the
problem.

15. BUILDINGS
• A building is a structure with a roof and walls standing more or less
permanently in one place.
• Buildings come in a variety of number of factors, from building material
available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, and
asthetic reasons.

16. Flood Risk
• Ensuring the building is located on the highest section of the site.
• Building away from natural drainage paths or channels.
• Making the finished floor level of the lowest floor well above (600mm
minimum) the minimum flood level.

17. Risk of Landslides or subsidence
• Erosion of soil from deforestation, heavy rainfall, and poor land use
control, in addition to steep slopes add to the risk of landslides and
building collapse.

18. Soil Types
• Many different types of soil can be encountered on construction sites.
• The important of the characteristics of soil, such as the size and nature
of particles, its density and structural properties.

19. Drainage and Runoff
• Drainage is artificial removal of water, both surface and sub-surface.
• Drainage is often a major element of civil engineering and
construction projects and is necessary to avoid flooding and other
damage.

20. Reference
• http://www.academia.edu
• http://www.sciencedirect.com

21. THANK YOU