Study smart! The most important topics for your IGNOU exam are in this document. We analyzed the examination pattern for IGNOU’s PGDCFT and MSCCFT courses – taking into account every single question of every exam of every single subject to generate these very useful, high-quality insights. Forget about 10 years papers – study smart using FIHC’s IGNOU Exam Question Pattern!

1. IGNOU MSCCFT & PGDCFT
Exam Question Paper Pattern
MCFT003
Counselling and Family Therapy:
Basic Concepts and Theoretical Perspectives

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We are here to help you…
It is in our DNA. We were born out of a
project to help students!

6. We are here to help you!
If you are a faculty or student of IGNOU, this document may be just what you need!
IGNOU has a vast syllabus, there is minimal support from the study centers and university. But, the exams
are as tough as exams for regular programs, if not tougher. Unfortunately, the students, most of whom
are working, don’t get sufficient support for their exams.
We at PsychoTech Services have launched several efforts to help IGNOU students – if you haven’t visited
the FREE IGNOU Help Center yet, now might be the right time! Back in 2015, we created the first version
of our ‘IGNOU Question Paper Pattern Analysis’ with the objective of helping IGNOU students with their
theory examinations. Several copies and duplicates soon surfaced. Some of them very brightly colored with
fancy graphics. But none with the same high level of accuracy and quality of analysis and insights.
While this document and the analysis in it would help you a lot, do remember exams are both a test of
your knowledge and your ability to present the answers in a manner that the examiner is inclined to give
you marks. So work on both these aspects –for some very useful tips on How to Score More in your Exams
- Click Here!
Good luck for your exams!!!
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An approach that works…
Even though IGNOU has changed the structure of
its question papers for some programmes, the
results of our analysis have proven robust - still
valid and useful!
We even refreshed it, just to confirm!

9. An approach that works…
Our approach is based on a very simple and logical concept… The syllabus of any course created
anywhere on this planet can, typically, be broken into three parts – 1. Core Concepts, 2. Important
Concepts and 3. Related but not as important concepts. Now, logically, if you have to test your
students’ knowledge of a subject which of these three would you focus on?
Simple, right ☺ This is the reason we find that the pattern of questions asked in entrance exams
and university exams everywhere in the world clearly mirror the above. Most questions are asked
from the core concepts, some from the important concepts, and few from the related concepts.
Therefore, as a student, it does not make sense for you to put equal effort in all subjects. When you
prepare for your exams, you must prioritize - ‘by-heart’ the core concepts, learn the important
concepts and touch the related concepts if you intend to score a perfect 100!
How do you know which topic belongs to which category? That is what this document will help you
to know. We analyzed all the question papers available on the IGNOU site, right from the beginning
of the programme to find out the relative importance of every part of your syllabus.
This will help you to get maximum marks with minimum effort!
9

10. Counselling and Family Therapy:
Basic Concepts and Theoretical Perspectives
Examination Question Paper Pattern
Version 1.0
Let’s start!
This document is for: MCFT003

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How is the
Question Paper structured?

12. The Examination Setup
Environment:
An examination hall, typically in an IGNOU study center. Depending on your luck – it could be noisy with a
lot of cheating, peaceful with strict invigilation, with comfortable desks or uncomfortable broken desks,
with clean or filthy washrooms, with helpful or rude staff.
Time: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 100
Question Paper Structure:
• Total 9 questions, usually.
• Since 2017, you can answer any five questions. Till 2013, Q1 was compulsory for all subjects. In-between
Q1 was compulsory, sometimes and for some courses.
• All questions carry equal marks.
• In 2021 a suggested word limit of 600 words per answer was added to the instructions. In 2022, it was
modified to 600-800 words for each answer.
12
*Questions in sections A and B are usually broken into sub-parts comprising of related questions. In our analysis we
have counted them as separate questions and mapped to the respective topics in the IGNOU study material.

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The most important block is…

14. …Block 1!
Whether you look at the recent or lifetime stats, Block 1 is the most important, with remaining
blocks having almost equal weightage. Just look at the consistency!
14
29%
31%
30%
25%
22%
24%
24%
23%
23%
22%
23%
23%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Lifetime
Last 5
years
Last 3
years
Weightage of different blocks in exams, %age of total marks
1_Introduction to Counselling and Family Therapy 3_Schools of Family Therapy
2_Schools of Counselling 4_Modalities of Counselling and Family Therapy
Note: Numbers have been rounded off for easier understanding

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The most important chapters are…
Use this list for the final full reading before exams –
so that you do not miss any important chapters in
case of insufficient time.

16. …1, 2, 3, 10, 11, and 16!
• Priority 1 chapters are highlighted in yellow bold text below (and yellow background on next page),
• Priority 2 chapters in white/gray bold text, and
• Priority 3 in small, normal text.
16
8%
12%
10%
12%
11%
10%
6%
7%
8%
3%
1%
2%
6%
6%
7%
5%
7%
4%
5%
4%
4%
7%
6%
8%
6%
6%
4%
7%
8%
9%
7%
6%
8%
5%
3%
2%
1%
0%
0%
3%
3%
3%
5%
4%
4%
5%
6%
8%
4%
5%
3%
5%
5%
3%
Lifetime
Last 5 years
Last 3 years
Weightage of different chapters in exams, %age of total marks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Note: Numbers have been rounded off for easier understanding

17. Chapters – in order of recent importance
17
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding
Chapter Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
1_Counselling: Meaning, Scope and Applicability 8.5% 12.1% 10.0%
2_Family Therapy: Meaning, Scope and Applicability 12.0% 11.1% 9.6%
10_Solution Focused and Strategic Family Therapy 6.9% 7.7% 9.1%
3_Career Counselling 5.8% 7.0% 8.3%
11_Systemic Family Therapy 6.6% 5.9% 8.3%
16_Supportive Counselling 5.4% 6.2% 7.8%
8_Group Counselling and other Counselling Approaches 6.9% 5.7% 7.8%
5_Psycho-dynamic Approaches 6.3% 5.9% 7.4%
6_Cognitive-Behavioural Approaches 5.3% 6.7% 4.3%
9_Structural Family Therapy 5.5% 5.9% 4.3%
15_Crisis Intervention 4.6% 4.4% 4.3%
7_Person-Centred Approaches 5.0% 4.4% 3.9%
17_Psychoeducation 4.1% 5.2% 3.5%
14_Family Interviewing 3.2% 3.1% 3.5%
18_Social Skills Therapy 5.0% 4.6% 3.5%
4_Family Theories in Practice 2.6% 1.3% 2.2%
12_Cognitive Behavioural Family Therapy 4.8% 2.6% 1.7%
13_Integrated Approach to Family Therapy 1.5% 0.3% 0.4%

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Now, let’s look at the topics...
Use this list for revision –
be thorough with Priority 1 and 2 topics.

19. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
16.6 Techniques of Supportive Counselling 2.4% 2.1% 3.5%
2.15 Counselling Case Studies 1.1% 2.1% 3.5%
11.8 Therapist's Role in Systemic Couple/Family Therapy 0.9% 2.1% 3.5%
10.5 Questions in Solution Focused Family Therapy 2.0% 2.6% 3.0%
3.2 What is Career Counselling? 1.5% 2.6% 3.0%
10.4 Principles of Solution Focused Family Therapy 1.6% 2.1% 2.6%
3.5 Factors that Influence Career Decisions 1.1% 2.1% 2.6%
8.3.2 Key Concepts 1.5% 1.3% 2.2%
9.4.3 Restructuring Technique 1.8% 3.1% 1.7%
1.8 Key Factors for Success in Counselling 1.4% 2.1% 1.7%
1.9.1 Humanistic Approach to Therapy 1.0% 2.1% 1.7%
5.4.2 Phases of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 1.7% 1.5% 1.7%
18.2 Social Skills Therapy: Introduction and Techniques 1.4% 1.5% 1.7%
6.4.1 Basic Principles of Cognitive Therapy 1.1% 1.5% 1.7%
7.2 Assumptions 0.9% 1.5% 1.7%
5.2 Historical Roots of Psychodynamic Therapy 1.5% 1.3% 1.7%
1.12 Listening and Responding Techniques 0.7% 1.3% 1.7%
10.7 Therapeutic Processes in Solution Focused Family Therapy 0.9% 1.0% 1.7%
5.3.2 Differences between Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 0.9% 1.0% 1.7%
8.2.5 Characteristics for Group Leadership 0.8% 1.0% 1.7%
The Top 20 Current topics – Priority 1
19
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

20. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
3.7 Techniques of Career Counselling 0.8% 1.0% 1.7%
9.2.1 Assumptions of Structural Family Therapy 0.7% 1.0% 1.7%
12.3.1 Assumptions of Cognitive Behavioural Family therapy Approaches 0.7% 1.0% 1.7%
8.4 The Existential Approach to Counselling 0.5% 1.0% 1.7%
15.5.4 Evaluating the Action Plan for Crisis Resolution 0.5% 1.0% 1.7%
11.7 Practice of Systemic Family Therapy 0.5% 1.0% 1.7%
6.3.1 Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy by Ellis 2.2% 1.8% 1.3%
16.5 Characteristics of Counsellor 1.1% 1.3% 1.3%
1.6 Key Principles for Counselling 0.7% 1.3% 1.3%
5.5.1 Types of Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 0.5% 1.0% 1.3%
15.4.4 Outcome of Persons in a State of Crisis 0.3% 0.8% 1.3%
18.2.3 Social Skills Therapy: Some Techniques 1.9% 1.8% 0.9%
17.5.1 Broad Areas Addressed in Any Psychoeducational Programme 1.1% 1.5% 0.9%
17.2 Defining Psychoeducation 0.9% 1.5% 0.9%
16.2 Definition of Supportive Counselling 0.8% 1.3% 0.9%
1.7 Steps in Counselling process 0.9% 1.0% 0.9%
5.3.1 Assumptions of Psychodynamic Approaches 0.9% 1.0% 0.9%
18.3.1 Social Skills Therapy for Individuals with ADHD 0.7% 1.0% 0.9%
10.2 Solution Focused Family Therapy 0.5% 1.0% 0.9%
14.3.3 Guidelines for the Therapeutic Interview 0.9% 0.8% 0.9%
Next 40 Current topics – Priority 2 (1/2)
20
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

21. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
2.12.10 Circular Questioning 0.9% 0.8% 0.9%
1.2 Concept of Counselling 0.3% 0.8% 0.9%
2.12.3 Reframing 0.3% 0.8% 0.9%
11.7.5 Hypothesizing, Circularity and Neutrality 1.1% 0.5% 0.9%
8.2.6 Skills in a Group Leader 1.1% 0.5% 0.9%
11.4.4 Definition of a Problem in Systemic Therapy 0.8% 0.5% 0.9%
17.8 Carrying Out Psychoeducation in Schizophrenia 0.7% 0.5% 0.9%
16.3 Aims of Supportive Counselling 0.5% 0.5% 0.9%
2.10 Assessment in Family Therapy 0.5% 0.5% 0.9%
14.2 What is Family Interviewing? 0.3% 0.5% 0.9%
14.7.2 Homework Tasks 0.3% 0.5% 0.9%
2.3 The Concept of Family Therapy 0.3% 0.5% 0.9%
11.6 Systemic Ideas About Change 0.3% 0.5% 0.9%
17.3 How did Psychoeducation Come About? 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
4.3.3 Level of Empowerment 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
1.9 Models for Counselling 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
14.5.3 Circular Questions 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
7.8 Limitations and Criticism 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
3.6.1 Trait-Factor Theory 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
7.5.2 Conditions for Person-Centered Counselling 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
Next 40 Current topics – Priority 2 (2/2)
21
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

22. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
10.2.1 Objective of Solution Foused Therapy 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
16.4 The Counsellor-Client Relationship 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
6.10 Case illustration of A-B-C-D-E Analysis 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
8.3.3 Goals of Therapy 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
4.3.6 Intervention 0.2% 0.5% 0.9%
2.14 Ethical Issues in Family Therapy 1.0% 1.3% 0.4%
15.4.5 Crisis, Acute Stress Disorder and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 0.3% 0.8% 0.4%
9.2.2 Key Concepts in Structural Family Therapy 1.2% 0.5% 0.4%
2.10.3 Genograms 0.7% 0.5% 0.4%
15.6.2 Effective Listening 0.2% 0.5% 0.4%
1.14 Confidentiality 0.2% 0.5% 0.4%
2.13 Resistance in Family Therapy 0.7% 0.3% 0.4%
15.2 Defining Crisis 0.5% 0.3% 0.4%
2.7 Indications and Contraindications for Family Therapy 0.5% 0.3% 0.4%
9.4.1 Joining Techniques 0.3% 0.3% 0.4%
8.2.2 Types of Groups 0.3% 0.3% 0.4%
1.4 Family Counselling 0.3% 0.3% 0.4%
2.2.3 Characteristics of Dysfunctional Families 0.3% 0.3% 0.4%
6.5 Donald Meichenbaum's Cognitive Behaviour Modification 0.2% 0.3% 0.4%
4.2.3 Types of Crisis 0.2% 0.3% 0.4%
Remaining topics – Priority 3 (1/7)
22
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

23. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
7.6.1 Congruence 0.2% 0.3% 0.4%
2.2.2 Dysfunctional Families 0.1% 0.3% 0.4%
11.2 What is Systemic Family Therapy? 0.1% 0.3% 0.4%
16.10 Glossary 0.1% 0.3% 0.4%
13.3.1 The Initial Phase of Family Therapy 0.1% 0.3% 0.4%
1.3 Individual Versus Family Counselling 0.8% 1.3% 0.0%
12.4 Processes in Cognitive Behavioural Family Therapy 1.1% 1.0% 0.0%
8.3 Transactional Analysis 0.9% 1.0% 0.0%
17.6 Family Psychoeducation 0.8% 1.0% 0.0%
2.11.2 Family Systems Perspective 0.7% 1.0% 0.0%
7.4 Major Concepts 0.7% 1.0% 0.0%
2.11 Major Family Therapy Approaches 0.7% 1.0% 0.0%
9.3.1 Indications and Contraindications for Structural Family Therapy 0.7% 1.0% 0.0%
6.3 Concept of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 0.5% 1.0% 0.0%
6.4 Cognitive Therapy by Aaron Beck 0.5% 1.0% 0.0%
15.6 Intervention Strategies 1.0% 0.5% 0.0%
7.6 Core Conditions for Growth 1.0% 0.5% 0.0%
1.11 Basic Counselling Skills 0.7% 0.5% 0.0%
14.5.1 Different Types of Questions 0.6% 0.5% 0.0%
1.5 Counselling and Psychotherapy 0.5% 0.5% 0.0%
Remaining topics – Priority 3 (2/7)
23
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

24. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
11.9 Recognising Success and Failure 0.5% 0.5% 0.0%
10.6 Techniques Used in Solution Focused Family Therapy 0.5% 0.5% 0.0%
15.5.3 Putting the Action Plan to Work 0.2% 0.5% 0.0%
3.4 Distinctive Features of Career Counselling 0.2% 0.5% 0.0%
6.4.3 Homework/Assignment 0.2% 0.5% 0.0%
12.3.2 Key Concepts of Cognitive Behavioural Family Therapy 1.7% 0.3% 0.0%
18.2.2 Types of Social Skills 0.6% 0.3% 0.0%
12.4.2 Cognitive Interventions 0.6% 0.3% 0.0%
3.9 Importance of Career Counselling in Today's Context 0.6% 0.3% 0.0%
2.12.6 Family Sculpting 0.3% 0.3% 0.0%
16.8 Problems in Supportive Counselling 0.3% 0.3% 0.0%
14.9 Records Keeping 0.2% 0.3% 0.0%
2.12.5 Joining 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
2.11.5 Experiential Therapy 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
11.9.3 Therapist Factors and Therapist Context that Contribute to Success or Failure 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
2.12.2 The Family Floor Plan 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
11.9.4 Family Factors and Family Context 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
2.11.8 Multigenerational Family Therapy 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
2.12.4 Tracking 0.1% 0.3% 0.0%
2.12 Basic Techniques in Marital and Family Therapy 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%
Remaining topics – Priority 3 (3/7)
24
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

25. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
13.3 Family Therapy - Integrative Systemic Model 1.4% 0.0% 0.0%
4.4 Intergenerational Theory 1.0% 0.0% 0.0%
15.5 Basic Steps of Crisis Management 0.9% 0.0% 0.0%
11.4 Key Features of Systemic Family Therapy 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%
8.2.7 Formation of a Group 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%
7.7 Strategies for Providing The Core Conditions 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%
3.6 Theories of Career Counselling 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%
10.11 Stages of Strategic Family Therapy 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%
5.3 What is Psychodynamic Psychotherapy? 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
3.8 The Career Counselling Process 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
2.11.3 Strategic Therapy 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
9.4 Techniques in Structural Family Therapy 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
1.9.2 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
11.5 Concepts that Help to Understand Family Communication Process 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
12.5 Efficacy and Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Family Therapy 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
11.7.7 Interventions as Part of Therapeutic Process 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
4.2 Crisis Theory 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
8.5 Indian Psychotherapy and Counselling 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
11.8.2 Working with Co-Therapist, Reflecting Team and Other Professionals 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
9.4.2 Family Mapping and the Structural Diagnosis 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
Remaining topics – Priority 3 (4/7)
25
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

26. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
15.5.1 Psychosocial Assessment 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
1.13 Counsellor Skills, Qualities and Ethics 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
7.5 Counselling Process 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
2.11.4 Structural Family Therapy 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
10.10 Techniques Used in Strategic Family Therapy 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
10.8.1 Assumptions of Strategic Family Therapy 0.3% 0.0% 0.0%
3.6.5 Social Learning Theory 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
18.3.2 Social Skills Therapy for Individuals with Schizophrenia 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
12.4.1 Clinical Assessment in Cognitive Behavioural Family Therapy 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
2.11.7 Narrative Family Therapy 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
2.12.9 Restructuring 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
2.12.7 Building Communication Skills 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
5.5.2 Differences between Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and ShortTerm Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
7.7.1 Communicating Empathic Understanding 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
6.7 Differences and Similarities Between REBT, CT and CBM 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
17.8.7 Specific Effective Factors of Psychoeducation: Key Information and Emotional Topics 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
7.6.3 Unconditional Positive Regard 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
7.7.3 Communicating Unconditional Positive Regard 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
14.7 Formulating an End-of-Session Message 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
18.2.1 Relevance of Social Skills 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
Remaining topics – Priority 3 (5/7)
26
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

27. Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
15.3 Understanding Crisis 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
5.5 The Development of Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
4.3.2 Concepts of Empowerment Theory 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
4.3 Empowerment Theory 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
2.2.1 Functions and Characteristics of Healthy Families 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
17.2.2 Goal of Psychoeducation 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
8.2 Group Counselling 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%
7.5.1 Goals of Person-Centered Counselling 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
14.8.1 Confidentiality Issues with Couples and Families 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
2.2 Family Functions 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
8.2.3 Multi-Cultural Context 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
3.6.4 Decision Making Theories 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
2.5 History of Family Therapy 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
6.6 Therapist's Functions and Role 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
6.9 Critique of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
2.10.2 Time Lines 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
15.4.1 Phases of Crisis Development 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
8.3.1 Basic Assumptions 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
14.8.2 Ethical Issues in Working with Children 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
14.7.4 Therapeutic Paradox 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
Remaining topics – Priority 3 (6/7)
27
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding

28. Remaining topics – Priority 3 (7/7)
28
Note: Numbers
refer to marks as
%age of total marks
for the period, and
have been rounded
off for easier
understanding
Topic Lifetime Last 5 years Last 3 years
11.4.5 Function of the Symptom 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
8.2.1 Meaning of Groups 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
11.2.2 What is a Family? 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%

29. Now that you know the most
important topics,
What Next?
Move to the next page to find out…
29

30. Click here to access now!
Super-Notes
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