1. INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
SYED MUHAMMAD RAFI
LECTURER, DEPARTMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ZIAUDDIN UNIVERSITY
2. • MS (Computer Science) from Federal Urdu University
(FUUAST) in 2014.
Area of expertise; Computer Vision and
Digital Image Processing.
• Served as Lecturer in FUUAST, SIMT, Preston, Newports
and Indus Public College.
• Hands on experience of programming in ;
C and C++ languages, Python and Matlab.
Research Paper published in ICICTT 2013 conference on
Face Recognition (url:icictt.ictt.info/publications/AI_paper8.pdf)
Personal profile
4. COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course focuses on a breadth-wise
coverage of computer science discipline,
introducing computing environments, general
application software, basic computing hardware,
operating systems, desktop publishing, Internet,
software applications and tools and computer
usage concepts; Introducing Software
engineering and Information technology within
the broader domain of computing, Social issues
of computing.
5. COURSE OBJECTIVES
A clear understanding of computers and
computing environment
Developing sufficient knowledge for all the
concerned domains of computer science like
software engineering and information
technology
Development and readiness of understanding
for more advanced courses like networks,
operating systems, database management,
algorithms in the upcoming semesters with a
brief overview of their contents
6. COURSE STRATEGY
No pre-requisites (any students coming from
any background can easily grasp the
contents)
However, you need to understand each and
every concept clearly and undoubtedly as
that would be your foundation.
7. COURSE GRADING
Quizzes----------------------10
Assignments----------------10 50(SEMESTER WORK)
Mid-Term Examination—30
Final Examination----------50
Lab Exams-------------------50 (individual head)
Note: You will have to get 50% passing marks
separately i.e. 25 marks from Semester Work of 50
marks and 25 marks from 50 marks of final
examination to fully qualify to pass the course.
50% marks are require to pass Lab exams
8. ATTENDANCE AND PREPARATIONS
Attendance is mandatory and 80%
attendance is required to get eligible for final
examination.
Students are expected to come well
prepared before lecture
9. COURSE OUTLINE - HEC
Number Systems
Binary numbers
Boolean logic
History of computer system
Basic machine organization
Von Neumann Architecture
Algorithm definition, design, and implementation
Programming paradigms and languages
Graphical programming
Overview of Software Engineering
Information Technology
Operating system
Compiler
Computer networks
Internet
Computer graphics
AI
Social and legal issues
10. RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Computer: Information Technology in Perspective
by Larry Long and Nancy Long, Latest edition.
Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton,
McGraw-Hill, Latest edition
An Invitation to Computer Science, Schneider and
Gersting, Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, Latest
edition.
Computer Science: An overview of Computer
Science, Sherer, Latest edition.
12. A WORLD OF COMPUTERS
Computers are everywhere
13. COMPUTER
An electronic device, operating under the control of
instruction, stored in its own memory, that can
access data (input), process the data according to
specified rules, produce information and store in
the information for future use.
14. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine that receives data as Input,
process that data according to a prescribed sequence
of instructions and produces output.
Collects
data
(input)
Processing
Produces
information
(output)
Information Processing Cycle
16. COMPUTER VS HUMAN
Input - Five senses
Central Processing Unit (CPU) - brain
Output - Body Parts
Memory - Human memory
Hardware
Physical components
Software
Programs for operations and problem
solving
17. COMPUTER
Modern computers are digital
Two digits combine to make data
Older computers were analog
A range of values made data
Computer categories in Several ways:
One person use or group of peoples use
By power (Speed at which they operate and the
types of tasks)
Within single category, subcategorized in:
By price, Types of Hardware they contain
and kinds of software they can run, and so
on.
18. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Automatic: Once instructed, operate without human
intervention
Speed: Can perform 1012 basic arithmetic/ logical
operations per second.
Accuracy: If instructed accurately it never produce
inaccurate results, however, if errors occurs they are result
of thinking of programmer or incorrect input often called
Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)
Diligence: No matter how much boring the task is for
humans, if computer programmed accurately, it never gets
bore or lose concentration during the execution of a task.
19. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Versatility: A general purpose computer perform versatile
task.
Memory: Computer can remember data and information for
years and make them readily available whenever required.
No. IQ: Most important if ever your program go wrong, it is
NEVER the fault of computer as it has no IQ. It cannot do
anything at its own.
No Feelings: It has no feelings. It can only remember
without like or dislike. Although the work in AI is progressing
to make intelligent machines but goal is still far.
20. Computers can
be shared by
multiple users
but can be used
by only one
person at a time.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
21. Six primary types of Personal Computers
(PCs)
Desktop computers
Workstations
Notebook/Laptop computers
Tablet Computers
Handheld computers
Smart Phones
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
22. Although PCs are used by individuals,
they also can be connected together to
create networks.
COMPUTERS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE
23. The most common type of computer
Sits on the desk or floor
Performs a variety of tasks
You see all around you in schools, home and
offices
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
24. Different design types
Desktop Model
Tower model
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
25. Specialized single-user computers
Optimized for science or graphics
More powerful than a desktop
WORKSTATIONS
26. Small portable computers
Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
About 8 ½ by 11 inches or 14 to 16 inches
NOTEBOOK/LAPTOP COMPUTERS
27. TABLET COMPUTERS
Newest development
in portable
computers
Input is through
a stylus or digital pen
Run specialized
versions of office
products
Some models have a
fold-out keyboard
Some models can be
connected to a
keyboard and a full-
size monitor
28. Palm computer
Very small computers
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Note taking or contact management
Data can synchronize with a desktop
HANDHELD PCS
29. Smart phones
Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
Web surfing, e-mail access, special software (i.e.
personal organizers), or special hardware (i.e.
digital camera/Music players) everything
SMART PHONES
30. Some computers handle needs of
many users at the same time.
These powerful systems are used by
organizations such as businesses or
schools
Commonly found at the heart of the
organization network
Network servers
Mainframe computers
Minicomputers
Supercomputers
COMPUTERS FOR ORGANIZATIONS
31. Network servers
Centralized computer
All other computers connect
NETWORK SERVERS
32. Provides access to network resources
Multiple servers are called server farms
Often simply a powerful desktop: Google
Flexibility to different kinds of tasks
Users use the Internet as a means of connecting
even if away from the offices.
NETWORK SERVERS
33. MAINFRAMES
Used in large organizations
Handle thousands of users
Users access through a terminal
Large and powerful systems
34. Called midrange computers
Power between mainframe
and desktop
Handle hundreds of users
Used in smaller
organizations
Users access through a
terminal
MINICOMPUTERS
35. SUPERCOMPUTERS
The most powerful computers made
Handle large and complex calculations
Process trillions of operations per second
Found in research organizations
36. More impact than any other invention
“Computers have changed our world” or
“Computers have changed the way we do”
Changed work and leisure activities
Used by all demographic groups
Computers are important because:
Provide information to users
Information is critical to our society
Managing information is difficult
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
37. Like the Impact of automobile
IMPACT OF COMPUTERS
38. As varied as users
For disabled person
For a sales professional
For a researcher
BENEFITS OF USING COMPUTERS
39. Many homes have
multiple computers
Most Pakistani homes
have Internet
Computers are used
for
Communication (e-
mail)
COMPUTERS AT HOME
40. Computers are used for
Business
Entertainment
Schoolwork
Finances
COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
41. Computer literacy required at all levels
More and more schools are adding computer
technology to their curricula
Educators see computer technology as an
essential learning requirement for all students,
starting as early as preschool
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
42. Makes businesses more profitable
Allows owners to manage and grow their
companies
COMPUTERS IN SMALL BUSINESS
43. Computers in industry
Computers are
used to design
products
Assembly
lines are
automated
COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY
44. Necessary to track data for population
Police officers
Tax calculation and collection
Governments were the first computer users
COMPUTERS IN GOVERNMENT
45. Revolutionized health care
New treatments possible
Scheduling of patients has improved
Delivery of medicine is safer
COMPUTERS IN HEALTH CARE
46. POTENTIAL COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Information Management
Personal Productivity
Communication
Science, Research, and Engineering
Education and Reference
Entertainment & Edutainment
Energy
Business and E-commerce
Money
Agriculture
Training
Health and Medicine
Robotics
47. Type Components Physical
Size and
Capacity
Cost Usage
Microcomputer All components in
a single unit
Smallest Cheapest At homes, in schools
and offices
Minicomputer Several functional
units
Small Cheap In universities, medium-
sized companies,
departments of large
companies
Mainframe
computer
Several separate
units
Large Expensive In large organizations,
universities,
government
Supercomputer Several separate
units
Largest Most
expensive
In scientific research,
weather forecasting,
space exploration,
military defense
ALL ABOUT TYPES OF COMPUTER
48. SUMMARY
Course Outline
What is a computer?
Comparison of Computer with Human
Computer for individual use (personal
computers)
Characteristics of Computer
Computer in Society
Types of Computer (By size only)
48