hybrid electric vehice

1. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COMPONENTS OF HEV
TYPES OF HEV ANDTHEIR WORKING
GROWTH OF HEV MARKET SIZE
ADVANTAGES OF HEV
DISADVANTAGES OF HEV
FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION

2. INTRODUCTION
Definition : Hybrid electric
vehicles (HEVs) are vehicles that
use a combination of an internal
combustion engine (ICE) and an
electric motor to power the
vehicle.
Brief history of HEVs: The first
HEV was introduced by Toyota in
1997 with the launch of the Prius.
Since then, many other
manufacturers have introduced
HEVs into their lineup.

3. COMPONENTS OF HEV
 Battery (auxiliary): In an electric drive vehicle, the low-voltage
auxiliary battery provides electricity to start the car before the
traction battery is engaged; it also powers vehicle accessories.
 Internal combustion engine (spark-ignited): In this
configuration, fuel is injected into either the intake manifold or
the combustion chamber, where it is combined with air, and the
air/fuel mixture is ignited by the spark from a spark plug.
 Electric generator: Generates electricity from the rotating
wheels while braking, transferring that energy back to the
traction battery pack. Some vehicles use motor generators that
perform both the drive and regeneration functions.

5.  Fuel tank (gasoline): This tank stores gasoline on board
the vehicle until it's needed by the engine.
 Transmission: The transmission transfers mechanical
power from the engine and/or electric traction motor to
drive the wheels.
• Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction
battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels. Some
vehicles use motor generators that perform both the drive
and regeneration functions.
 DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC
power from the traction battery pack to the lower-
voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and
recharge the auxiliary battery.

6. Regenerative braking system: An HEV uses regenerative
braking to capture energy that is typically lost during braking.
The system converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into
electrical energy, which is then stored in the battery pack.

7. TYPES OF HEV
1)SERIES HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
 A series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle
where an electric motor is the only source of power to the wheels.
 In this configuration, the internal combustion engine (ICE) is used
only as a generator to recharge the battery pack that powers the
electric motor.
 The ICE is not connected to the wheels and does not drive the
vehicle directly.
 The advantage of a series hybrid electric vehicle is that the ICE can
be optimized for a specific speed and load, which increases its
efficiency and reduces emissions.

8. WORKING OF SERIES HEV
 The vehicle is powered by an electric motor, which draws power
from a battery pack.
 When the battery pack is low on charge, the ICE starts up
automatically to generate electricity to recharge the battery pack.
 The electricity generated by the ICE is sent to the battery pack, and
the electric motor continues to power the vehicle.
 The ICE is designed to run at a constant speed to maximize efficiency
and minimize emissions.
 The vehicle's computer system manages the power flow between
the battery pack, electric motor, and ICE to optimize fuel efficiency
and performance.

10. 2)PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
 A parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle
where both an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric
motor can be used to power the wheels.
 In this configuration, the ICE and electric motor can work
together or independently to provide power to the wheels,
depending on driving conditions and the vehicle's operating
mode.
 The advantage of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is that it can use
the most efficient power source depending on driving conditions
 Additionally, because both the ICE and electric motor can provide
power to the wheels, the vehicle can have improved performance
and acceleration.

11. WORKING OF PARALLEL HEV
 The vehicle is powered by an ICE and an electric motor, which can
both provide power to the wheels.
 The ICE can operate on its own or work in tandem with the electric
motor to provide additional power.
 The electric motor is powered by a battery pack, which can also be
recharged through regenerative braking.
 The vehicle's computer system manages the power flow between
the ICE, electric motor, and battery pack to optimize fuel
efficiency and performance.
 Depending on the driving conditions, the computer system may
use the ICE, electric motor, or both to provide power to the
wheels.

13. GROWTH OF HEV MARKET SIZE
• The global hybrid vehicle
market size was valued at
USD 350.1 billion in 2021
and it is expected to hit
USD 1670.5 billion by 2030,
rising at a CAGR of 28.90%
during the forecast period
2022 to 2030.

14. ADVANTAGES OF HEV
 Fuel efficiency: HEVs typically get better fuel economy than
traditional vehicles, as the electric motor provides
additional power to the vehicle.
 Lower emissions: HEVs produce fewer emissions than
traditional vehicles, as the electric motor can power the
vehicle without producing any emissions.
 Reduced dependence on fossil fuels: By using electricity as
a power source, HEVs help to reduce our dependence on
fossil fuels.
 Improved performance: HEVs can offer improved
acceleration and power compared to traditional vehicles.

15. DISADVANTAGES OF HEV
 High cost: HEVs are typically more expensive than traditional
vehicles, due to the additional components required.
 Limited driving range: Some HEVs have limited driving range
on electric power alone, which can be a concern for some
drivers.
 Lack of charging infrastructure: While HEVs don't require
charging like battery electric vehicles, the availability of
charging infrastructure can still be a concern for some
drivers.
 Heavy weight: The additional components in HEVs can make
them heavier than traditional vehicles, which can impact
handling and fuel efficiency.

16. FUTURE SCOPE
 Advancements in battery technology: Improvements in
battery technology can help to increase the driving range and
reduce the weight of HEVs.
 Improved charging infrastructure: As more charging
infrastructure becomes available, it will become easier for
drivers to charge their HEVs.
 Government incentives for hybrid electric vehicle adoption:
Governments can offer incentives such as tax credits or
rebates to encourage the adoption of HEVs.
 Expansion of hybrid electric vehicle models: As more
manufacturers introduce HEVs into their lineup, there will be
more options available to consumers.

17. CONCLUSION
hybrid electric vehicles are an increasingly popular and promising
alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
The future of automobiles turns out to be electric as the natural fuel
resources will be in short within 60 – 70 years.
HEVs are considered a more environmentally-friendly alternative to
traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, as they emit less carbon dioxide
and other pollutants.
They are also becoming more popular as the technology improves and
the cost of batteries decreases.