general features and microstructure of stomach ppt

1. STOMACH
AIIMS RISHIKESH
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY

2. Introduction
• Muscular bag
• Widest & distensible part of the digestive tube.
• 25 cm –long
• Mean capacity- at birth – 30 ml
Puberty – 1000 ml
Adult - 1 1/2 to 2 liters

3. Location
• Obliquely in the upper &
left part of the abdomen.
• Occupying the epigasteric ,
umbilical , & left
hypochondriac region.
• Under cover of left coastal
margin & ribs.

4. Shape
• Depends on degree of
distension & surronding viscera
• Empty- J shape vertical
• Partially distended – pyriform
• Obese – horizontal
Radiographic examination after
giving a barium meal.

5. External features
• 2 orifices
• 2 curvatures
• 2 surfaces

6. Orifices
• Cardiac orifice – is
joined by lower end of
esophagus
• lie behind left 7th costal
cartilage. 2.5 cm from
sternum at level of T11
vertebra.

7. • Pyloric orifice – opens into the duodenum.
• Empty stomach & supine position- 1.2cm to
the right of median plane at the level of lower
border of L1 vertebra
Position is indicated on the surface of stomach:
• large firm nodule
• Prepyloric vein in front of it.

8. Curvature
• Lesser curvature – lesser
omentum
• Greater curvature – greater
omentum, gatrosplenic
ligament, gastrophrenic
ligament.

9. Surfaces
• Anterior surface- forward & upwrd.
• Posterior surface- backward & downward.

10. Parts
• Divided into 2 parts: cardiac &
pyloric
• Line downward downward &
to left from incisura angularis

11. • Cardiac part-
Fundus
Body
• Pyloric part-
Pyloric antrum- 7.5 cm
Pyloric canal – 2.5cm long,
narrow,tubular.

13. Relations
• Peritoneal relations – lesser & greater
omentum, gasrtrophrenic &
gastrosplenic ligament , bare area
• Visceral relations

14. Stomach bed
• Diaphragm
• Left kidney
• Left suprarenal gland
• Pancreas
• Transverse mesocolon
• Splenic flexure of
colon
• Splenic artery

15. Blood supply

16. Lymphatic drainage

17. Nerve supply

18. Interior of Stomach
• LONGITUDINAL FOLD OF MUCUS
MEMBRANE-

19. • SMOOTH MUSCLE
LAYER
• Lonitudinal-
mainly along
curvature.
• Circular –
thickened at
pylorus.

20. Histology of Stomach
• Surface is lined by
simple columnar
mucus-secreting
epithelium epithelium
for protection.
All gastric glands are
tubular
They can be divided
into three groups:
• Cardiac glands
• Principal glands
• Pyloric gland.

22. Cardiac end of the stomach

23. 1. Columnar
epithelium lining
2. Lamina propria
3. Muscularis mucosa
4. Submucosa
5. Muscularis externa
GP. Gastric pit
GG. Gastric gland
OC. Oxynti c cells
Body of stomach

25. THANK YOU