hydrocarbons and functionals group, from alkyl groups, alcohols, esters, ethers, ketone, etc

1. Functional Groups
GenChem2

2. Alkyl Group (R)

3. Haloalkanes
• The halogens substitute the place of the
• hydrogens. As substituents, they are named as
Fluoro- + -alkanes,
• Chloro- + -alkanes, Bromo- + -alkanes, and
Iodo- + -alkanes.

4. Haloalkanes

7. Alcohol
• Alcohols are (symbolized as R-OH) composed of
hydroxyl (-OH)
• group attached to parent chain hydrocarbons.
The hydroxyl group
• replace the hydrogen from the main alkane chain.
Its name ends with -ol.

12. Ketone
•Ketones are (symbolized as RCOR’)
composed of a carbonyl
•group (carbon - oxygen double bond)
attached to 2 alkyl groups (R and
•R’). Its name ends with -one.

17. Aldehyde
•Symbolized as RCHO, aldehydes
are composed of a carbonyl
•group attached to alkyl group (R) and
H. Its name ends with -al.

23. Carboxylic acid
•These (symbolized as RCOOH) are
composed of carboxylic acid
•group (-COOH) attached to the main
alkyl chain. Its name ends with -
anoic acid.

27. Ester
• Esters (symbolized as RCOOR’) are derived from
the carboxylic
• acid group where the -OH group is replaced with
the O-alkyl (alkoxyl) group. Esters are derived
when a carboxylic acid and alcohol reacts with
one another, leaving H2O as the other product.
Their names end
• with -oate.

32. Ether
•These (symbolized as ROR’) composed
or alkoxy group (RO-)
•attached to the main alkyl chain

36. Amine
•Amine is where an alkyl group/s is/are
attached to nitrogen atom
• Symbolized as RNH2, primary Amine
has only 1 alkyl group and
•the two (2) hydrogen atoms are attached
to nitrogen. Its name ends with -amine.

37. Butylamine