Submit Search
Upload
Fundamental of FM modulation and demodulation.ppt
•
Download as PPT, PDF
•
0 likes
•
8 views
D
DhirajPatel58
Follow
Fundamental of frequency modulation and demoodulation
Read less
Read more
Education
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 43
Download now
Recommended
Chapter05
Chapter05
bhagavanprasad
Chapter05 fundamentals of FM
Chapter05 fundamentals of FM
AbdulAziz Ahmed Siyad
FM FUNDAMENTALS.ppt
FM FUNDAMENTALS.ppt
GeoffreyAlleyne
Chapter03 fm modulation
Chapter03 fm modulation
Muhamamd Awaissaleem
amplitude modulation and ssb fundamental.pdf
amplitude modulation and ssb fundamental.pdf
DhirajPatel58
Chapter03
Chapter03
bhagavanprasad
Traffic wireless(eee499.blogspot.com)
Traffic wireless(eee499.blogspot.com)
slmnsvn
Chapter03
Chapter03
bhagavanprasad
Recommended
Chapter05
Chapter05
bhagavanprasad
Chapter05 fundamentals of FM
Chapter05 fundamentals of FM
AbdulAziz Ahmed Siyad
FM FUNDAMENTALS.ppt
FM FUNDAMENTALS.ppt
GeoffreyAlleyne
Chapter03 fm modulation
Chapter03 fm modulation
Muhamamd Awaissaleem
amplitude modulation and ssb fundamental.pdf
amplitude modulation and ssb fundamental.pdf
DhirajPatel58
Chapter03
Chapter03
bhagavanprasad
Traffic wireless(eee499.blogspot.com)
Traffic wireless(eee499.blogspot.com)
slmnsvn
Chapter03
Chapter03
bhagavanprasad
Chapter03 am
Chapter03 am
Sikander Ghunio
EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING UNIT 1
EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING UNIT 1
RMK ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
04720VivekaS
EC 6651 Communication Engineering
EC 6651 Communication Engineering
rmkceteee
Frequency modulation and its application
Frequency modulation and its application
Darshil Shah
Introduction to communication system lecture3
Introduction to communication system lecture3
Jumaan Ally Mohamed
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation
FahimMuntasir8
Frequency modulation2
Frequency modulation2
Sarah Krystelle
AM FM PM
AM FM PM
vaani pathak
Frequency and phase modulation
Frequency and phase modulation
asdfghjkl13496
Generating FM wave
Generating FM wave
COMSATS Abbottabad
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
LALITHAS47
Lecture_ch5.pptx
Lecture_ch5.pptx
rshoukatimtek
4 3-3 frequency-modulation
4 3-3 frequency-modulation
lcborja57
FM-PM.ppt
FM-PM.ppt
1637ARUNIMADAS
Data encoding and modulation
Data encoding and modulation
Shankar Gangaju
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...
Sukhvinder Singh Malik
advantages modulation_PRP.pptx
advantages modulation_PRP.pptx
PravinPrajapati53
Chapter08 radio transmitters
Chapter08 radio transmitters
Sikander Ghunio
Introlduction to communication project.pptx
Introlduction to communication project.pptx
sijin2050
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Sakshi Ghasle
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
UnboundStockton
More Related Content
Similar to Fundamental of FM modulation and demodulation.ppt
Chapter03 am
Chapter03 am
Sikander Ghunio
EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING UNIT 1
EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING UNIT 1
RMK ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
04720VivekaS
EC 6651 Communication Engineering
EC 6651 Communication Engineering
rmkceteee
Frequency modulation and its application
Frequency modulation and its application
Darshil Shah
Introduction to communication system lecture3
Introduction to communication system lecture3
Jumaan Ally Mohamed
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation
FahimMuntasir8
Frequency modulation2
Frequency modulation2
Sarah Krystelle
AM FM PM
AM FM PM
vaani pathak
Frequency and phase modulation
Frequency and phase modulation
asdfghjkl13496
Generating FM wave
Generating FM wave
COMSATS Abbottabad
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
LALITHAS47
Lecture_ch5.pptx
Lecture_ch5.pptx
rshoukatimtek
4 3-3 frequency-modulation
4 3-3 frequency-modulation
lcborja57
FM-PM.ppt
FM-PM.ppt
1637ARUNIMADAS
Data encoding and modulation
Data encoding and modulation
Shankar Gangaju
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...
Sukhvinder Singh Malik
advantages modulation_PRP.pptx
advantages modulation_PRP.pptx
PravinPrajapati53
Chapter08 radio transmitters
Chapter08 radio transmitters
Sikander Ghunio
Introlduction to communication project.pptx
Introlduction to communication project.pptx
sijin2050
Similar to Fundamental of FM modulation and demodulation.ppt
(20)
Chapter03 am
Chapter03 am
EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING UNIT 1
EC6651 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING UNIT 1
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
Different type of modulation schemes used in Analog Modulation
EC 6651 Communication Engineering
EC 6651 Communication Engineering
Frequency modulation and its application
Frequency modulation and its application
Introduction to communication system lecture3
Introduction to communication system lecture3
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation
Frequency modulation2
Frequency modulation2
AM FM PM
AM FM PM
Frequency and phase modulation
Frequency and phase modulation
Generating FM wave
Generating FM wave
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
ADC-UNITT-2.pptx
Lecture_ch5.pptx
Lecture_ch5.pptx
4 3-3 frequency-modulation
4 3-3 frequency-modulation
FM-PM.ppt
FM-PM.ppt
Data encoding and modulation
Data encoding and modulation
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...
COMPARISON OF BER AND NUMBER OF ERRORS WITH DIFFERENT MODULATION TECHNIQUES I...
advantages modulation_PRP.pptx
advantages modulation_PRP.pptx
Chapter08 radio transmitters
Chapter08 radio transmitters
Introlduction to communication project.pptx
Introlduction to communication project.pptx
Recently uploaded
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Sakshi Ghasle
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
UnboundStockton
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
eniolaolutunde
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
Celine George
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
PoojaSen20
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
NirmalaLoungPoorunde1
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
pboyjonauth
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
iammrhaywood
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Celine George
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
Maksud Ahmed
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
SoniaTolstoy
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
pboyjonauth
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
UmakantAnnand
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
SafetyChain Software
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Maestría en Comunicación Digital Interactiva - UNR
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
Sayali Powar
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
dawncurless
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
nomboosow
Recently uploaded
(20)
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Hybridoma Technology ( Production , Purification , and Application )
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
How to Configure Email Server in Odoo 17
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION format.docx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 1 STEP Using Odoo 17
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
BASLIQ CURRENT LOOKBOOK LOOKBOOK(1) (1).pdf
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
KSHARA STURA .pptx---KSHARA KARMA THERAPY (CAUSTIC THERAPY)————IMP.OF KSHARA ...
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Fundamental of FM modulation and demodulation.ppt
1.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 2 Chapter 5 Fundamentals of Frequency Modulation
2.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 3 Topics Covered in Chapter 5 5-1: Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM 5-5: Frequency Modulation Versus Amplitude Modulation
3.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 4 5-1: Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation A sine wave carrier can be modified for the purpose of transmitting information from one place to another by varying its frequency. This is known as frequency modulation (FM). In FM, the carrier amplitude remains constant and the carrier frequency is changed by the modulating signal. Varying the amount of phase shift that a carrier experiences is known as phase modulation (PM). Varying the phase shift of a carrier also produces FM. FM and PM are collectively referred to as angle modulation.
4.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 5 5-1: Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation As the amplitude of the information signal varies, the carrier frequency shifts proportionately. As the modulating signal amplitude increases, the carrier frequency increases. With no modulation the carrier is at its normal center or resting frequency.
5.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 6 5-1: Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation Frequency deviation (fd) is the amount of change in carrier frequency produced by the modulating signal. The frequency deviation rate is how many times per second the carrier frequency deviates above or below its center frequency. The frequency of the modulating signal determines the frequency deviation rate. A type of modulation called frequency-shift keying (FSK) is used in transmission of binary data in digital cell phones and low-speed computer modems.
6.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 7 5-1: Basic Principles of Frequency Modulation Figure 5-1: FM and PM signals. The carrier is drawn as a triangular wave for simplicity, but in practice it is a sine wave. (a) Carrier. (b) Modulating signal. (c) FM signal. (d) PM signal. Note that the frequency of the modulating signal has no effect on the amount of deviation, which is strictly a function of the amplitude of the modulating signal.
7.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 8
8.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 9
9.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 10 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation When the amount of phase shift of a constant- frequency carrier is varied in accordance with a modulating signal, the resulting output is a phase- modulation (PM) signal. Phase modulators produce a phase shift which is a time separation between two sine waves of the same frequency. The greater the amplitude of the modulating signal, the greater the phase shift.
10.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 11
11.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 12 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation The maximum frequency deviation produced by a phase modulator occurs during the time that the modulating signal is changing at its most rapid rate.
12.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 13 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation Figure 5-3: A frequency shift occurs in PM only when the modulating signal amplitude varies. (a) Modulating signal. (b) FM signal. (c) PM signal.
13.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 14 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation Relationship between the Modulating Signal and Carrier Deviation In FM and in PM, the frequency deviation is directly proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal. In PM, the maximum amount of leading or lagging phase shift occurs at the peak amplitudes of the modulating signal. In PM the carrier deviation is proportional to both the modulating frequency and the amplitude.
14.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 15 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation Figure 5-4: Frequency deviation as a function of (a) modulating signal amplitude and (b) modulating signal frequency.
15.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 16 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation Converting PM into FM In order to make PM compatible with FM, the deviation produced by frequency variations in the modulating signal must be compensated for. This compensation can be accomplished by passing the intelligence signal through a low-pass RC network. This RC low-pass filter is called a frequency- correcting network, predistorter, or 1/f filter and causes the higher modulating frequencies to be attenuated. The FM produced by a phase modulator is called indirect FM.
16.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 17
17.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 18 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation Phase-Shift Keying The process of phase modulating a carrier with binary data is called phase-shift keying (PSK) or binary phase-shift keying (BPSK). The PSK signal has a constant frequency, but the phase of the signal from some reference changes as the binary modulating signal occurs.
18.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 19 5-2: Principles of Phase Modulation Figure 5-6: Phase modulation of a carrier by binary data produces PSK.
19.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 20 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands Any modulation process produces sidebands. When a constant-frequency sine wave modulates a carrier, two side frequencies are produced. Side frequencies are the sum and difference of the carrier and modulating frequency. The bandwidth of an FM signal is usually much wider than that of an AM signal with the same modulating signal.
20.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 21 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands Modulation Index The ratio of the frequency deviation to the modulating frequency is known as the modulation index (mf). In most communication systems using FM, maximum limits are put on both the frequency deviation and the modulating frequency. In standard FM broadcasting, the maximum permitted frequency deviation is 75 kHz and the maximum permitted modulating frequency is 15 kHz. The modulation index for standard FM broadcasting is therefore 5.
21.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 22 When the maximum allowable frequency deviation and the maximum modulating frequency are used in computing the modulation index, mf is known as the deviation ratio.
22.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 23 When the maximum allowable frequency deviation and the maximum modulating frequency are used in computing the modulation index, mf is known as the deviation ratio.
23.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 24 When the maximum allowable frequency deviation and the maximum modulating frequency are used in computing the modulation index, mf is known as the deviation ratio.
24.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 25 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands Bessel Functions The equation that expresses the phase angle in terms of the sine wave modulating signal is solved with a complex mathematical process known as Bessel functions. Bessel coefficients are widely available and it is not necessary to memorize or calculate them.
25.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 26 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands Figure 5-8: Carrier and sideband amplitudes for different modulation indexes of FM signals based on the Bessel functions.
26.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 27 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands Figure 5-9: Plot of the Bessel function data from Fig. 5-8.
27.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 28 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands Bessel Functions The symbol ! means factorial. This tells you to multiply all integers from 1 through the number to which the symbol is attached. (e.g. 5! Means 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120) Narrowband FM (NBFM) is any FM system in which the modulation index is less than π/2 = 1.57, or mf < π /2. NBFM is widely used in communication. It conserves spectrum space at the expense of the signal-to-noise ratio.
28.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 29 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands FM Signal Bandwidth The higher the modulation index in FM, the greater the number of significant sidebands and the wider the bandwidth of the signal. When spectrum conservation is necessary, the bandwidth of an FM signal can be restricted by putting an upper limit on the modulation index.
29.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 30
30.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 31 5-3: Modulation Index and Sidebands FM Signal Bandwidth Example: If the highest modulating frequency is 3 kHz and the maximum deviation is 6 kHz, what is the modulation index? mf = 6 kHz/3 kHz = 2 What is the bandwidth? BW = 2fmN Where N is the number of significant* sidebands BW = 2(3 kHz)(4) = 24 kHz *Significant sidebands are those that have an amplitude of greater than 1% (.01) in the Bessel table.
31.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 32
32.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 33
33.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 34
34.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 35 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM Noise is interference generated by lightning, motors, automotive ignition systems, and power line switching that produces transient signals. Noise is typically narrow spikes of voltage with high frequencies. Noise (voltage spikes) add to a signal and interfere with it. Some noise completely obliterates signal information.
35.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 36 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM FM signals have a constant modulated carrier amplitude. FM receivers contain limiter circuits that deliberately restrict the amplitude of the received signal. Any amplitude variations occurring on the FM signal are effectively clipped by limiter circuits. This amplitude clipping does not affect the information content of the FM signal, since it is contained solely within the frequency variations of the carrier.
36.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 37 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM Figure 5-11: An FM signal with noise.
37.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 38 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM Preemphasis Noise can interfere with an FM signal and particularly with the high-frequency components of the modulating signal. Noise is primarily sharp spikes of energy and contains a lot of harmonics and other high-frequency components. To overcome high-frequency noise, a technique known as preemphasis is used. A simple high-pass filter can serve as a transmitter’s pre-emphasis circuit. Pre-emphasis provides more amplification of only high- frequency components.
38.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 39 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM Figure 5-13 Preemphasis and deemphasis. (a) Preemphasis circuit.
39.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 40 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM Preemphasis A simple low-pass filter can operate as a deemphasis circuit in a receiver. A deemphasis circuit returns the frequency response to its normal flat level. The combined effect of preemphasis and deemphasis is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for the high- frequency components during transmission so that they will be stronger and not masked by noise.
40.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 41 5-4: Noise-Suppression Effects of FM Figure 5-13 Preemphasis and deemphasis. (c) Deemphasis circuit.
41.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 42 5-5: Frequency Modulation Versus Amplitude Modulation Advantages of FM FM typically offers some significant benefits over AM. FM has superior immunity to noise, made possible by clipper limiter circuits in the receiver. In FM, interfering signals on the same frequency are rejected. This is known as the capture effect. FM signals have a constant amplitude and there is no need to use linear amplifiers to increase power levels. This increases transmitter efficiency.
42.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 43 5-5: Frequency Modulation Versus Amplitude Modulation Disadvantages of FM FM uses considerably more frequency spectrum space. FM has used more complex circuitry for modulation and demodulation. In the past, the circuits used for frequency modulation and demodulation involved were complex. With the proliferation of ICs, complex circuitry used in FM has all but disappeared. ICs are inexpensive and easy to use. FM and PM have become the most widely used modulation method in electronic communication today.
43.
© 2008 The
McGraw-Hill Companies 44 5-5: Frequency Modulation Versus Amplitude Modulation Major applications of AM and FM
Download now