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From Tube to Chip Presentation by Mindy McAdams Thursday, Week 13
In 1895, French scientist Jean B. Perrin  discovered that “ cathode rays ” were negatively charged particles.  Between 1895 and 1897,  British physicist Joseph J. Thompson  conducted further experiments  and sought to measure  the properties of these particles.  The negatively charged particles  were later named  electrons .
The Vacuum Tube ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Vacuum Tube 1904 ,[object Object],[object Object],Source
[object Object],Diode Triode
The Computer Connection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The ENIAC computer, University of Pennsylvania, 1945
Size: over 100 feet long, filling a 30 ft. x 50 ft. room.  Height: 10 feet. Depth: about 3 feet. Weight:  about 30 tons.   Cost: about $486,000 ENIAC
Television also used vacuum tubes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
You could build (and repair) your own TV set
 
Early Computers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Early Computers (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Whirlwind ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Whirlwind used approximately 5,000 vacuum tubes. It took 3 years to build and first went online in 1951. Budget: $1 million per year.
Open Access ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Next Step: The Transistor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[1954]
Edwin Howard Armstrong and the first portable radio, 1923
Transistor ,[object Object],[object Object]
Bell Labs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Integrated Circuits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Integrated Circuits (2) ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The first integrated circuit developed at Fairchild Semiconductor by Robert Noyce
And then came … ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Microprocessor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Texas Instruments handheld calculator (c. 1975) Busicom handheld calculator (1972)
The Microprocessor (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Microprocessor (3) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
1975:   The MITS Altair 8800 Based on the Intel 8080 CPU World’s first “personal” computer
Two guys in Boston sent a letter to the Altair's inventor, asking if he would be interested in selling their BASIC programming language for the machine …
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
From Tube to Chip Presentation by Mindy McAdams University of Florida

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From Tube to Chip: Early Computer History

  • 1. From Tube to Chip Presentation by Mindy McAdams Thursday, Week 13
  • 2. In 1895, French scientist Jean B. Perrin discovered that “ cathode rays ” were negatively charged particles. Between 1895 and 1897, British physicist Joseph J. Thompson conducted further experiments and sought to measure the properties of these particles. The negatively charged particles were later named electrons .
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. The ENIAC computer, University of Pennsylvania, 1945
  • 8. Size: over 100 feet long, filling a 30 ft. x 50 ft. room. Height: 10 feet. Depth: about 3 feet. Weight: about 30 tons. Cost: about $486,000 ENIAC
  • 9.
  • 10. You could build (and repair) your own TV set
  • 11.  
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Whirlwind used approximately 5,000 vacuum tubes. It took 3 years to build and first went online in 1951. Budget: $1 million per year.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 19. Edwin Howard Armstrong and the first portable radio, 1923
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Texas Instruments handheld calculator (c. 1975) Busicom handheld calculator (1972)
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. 1975: The MITS Altair 8800 Based on the Intel 8080 CPU World’s first “personal” computer
  • 32. Two guys in Boston sent a letter to the Altair's inventor, asking if he would be interested in selling their BASIC programming language for the machine …
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. From Tube to Chip Presentation by Mindy McAdams University of Florida