3. Introduction
• Soaps are the sodium and potassium salts of the long
chain fatty acid .
• The process of making soap by the hydrolysis of fats
and oils with alkalies is called saponification.
• A soap has a large non ionic hydrocarbon group and
ionic group COO-Na+.
4. Skin
The skin or cutaneous membrane covers the external
surface of the body. It is the largest organ of the body
in surface area and weight.
The function of the skin is regulation of body
temperature ,a reservoir for blood, protection from
the external environment, cutaneous sensations,
excretion and absorption, and vitamin D synthesis.
5. Literature Survey
Sr.
No.
Year Name of Author Focus of the paper
1. 2016 P. Yudharaj* et.al This reference help
in excipients profile of research.
2. 1995 Cavitch, Susan M. what is soap , how saponification reaction occurs,
method of soap making , types of soap and the benefits
of coffee soap
3. 2019 Rakesh K. Sindhu* et.al The formulation was prepared then evaluation for the
analysis of pH, Moisture content, foaming index, foam
retention time, saponification, ethanol soluble matter
and antimicrobial activity.
4. 2006 Park and T.H. Jo* et.al about Aleovera, biological source characteristics,
geographical location, it’s benefits. This all reference
help in research of coffee soap and Coffee soap was
prepared by using coffee powder
6. Aim
The ultimate aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate the skin
brightening soap using coffee, turmeric, coconut oil, NaoH, Stearic
acid, and Reetha. Skin brightening soaps are used to reduce the
effects of sun tanning, which can cause skin discoloration and
uneven skin tone
Objective
• Standardization of herbal components.
• To prevent bacterial skin infection.
• To nourish and beautify the skin.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of skin brightening soap in
reducing skin discoloration and improving skin tone.
• To assess the safety and stability.
10. Procedure
collect the all ingredient and calibrate analytical balance.
weigh 100g previously prepared glycerine soap base.
then weigh all other herbal ingredient as mentioned in the formula table.
now gently heat soap base at 45˚c.
after liquification of base add all the ingredient one after another with
gentle stirring maintain temp. at 45˚c
stirr and pour this solution into soap mold and form the soap
wrapped and submit with labelling.
11. 1.Physical appearance
2. Determination of pH
3. Foam height
4. Foam retention
5. Alcohol insoluble matter
6. Determination of moisture content
7. Determination of total fatty matter
8. Saponification value determination
9. Skin brightening test
10. Antimicrobial test
Evaluation parameters
12. Evaluation Parameters Procedure
Alcohol Insoluble Matter 5g sample + 50ml warm ethanol + Shake
+ Filter + 20 ml warm ethanol + Dried at
105c + Wt. of dried paper taken.
Determination of Total fatty
matter
10g soap + 150 ml distilled water + Heat
+ dissolve in 20 ml 15% h2So4 + until
clear solution + fatty acid on the surface
+ solidify by adding 7g beeswax +
reheated + Allowed to form cake
Saponification value
determination
2g soap + 0.5M KoH + Heat at 55 c + stir
on water bath + Temp at 100 c + boil 1hr
+ Titrate with 0.5M HCL + Pink colour
disappeared.
Antimicrobial test Done by using cup plate method.
E.coli is used as micro-organism.In this
method soap solution was prepared by
dissolving 1g of soapin distilled
water.plates were kept for incubation for
24hrs at temp of 37 degree celcious.
13. Result
SR
NO.
TEST OBSERVATION
1 Colour Brown
2 Odour Fragrant
3 Apperance Good
4 Texture Smooth
Sr.No Evaluation Parameters Readings Standard
B1 B2 B3
1 pH 8.24 7.57 7.71 6.5 -7.5
2 Foam height 3cm 3.5cm 4cm 2.5 -3.0 cm
3 Foam Retention 0.5cm 3cm 3.5cm 0.5 – 2.5
4 Alcohol insoluble matters 10g 20g 25g 18g
5 Saponification value 0.22 0.20 0.30 0.25
6 Antimicrobial test 20mm 10mm 35mm -
7 Skin irritation No No No -
14. Conclusion
The evaluation parameters carried for standardizing the coffee soap by
colour determination, pH, alcohol insoluble content, Saponification value were
carried out. This led to an outcome of the formulation of stable de tan soap
possessing potent antimicrobial activity against micro-organisms such as E.
coli.
In addition this formulation was found to be used for daily use and did not
cause any skin irritation. The blends of various oils in this soap formulation
helped in providing specific activity to the formulation possessing potent
medicinal properties.
Based on the study research it can be concluded that coffee can be
effectively formulated as in the form of soap by using hot process technique
which having excellent Skin brightening activity.
By this we conclude that formulation is optimized.
15. References
1) Cristaudo, A.; D’ilio, S.; Gallinella, B.; Mosca, A.; Majorani, C.; Violante, N.;
Senofonte, O.; Morrone, A.; Petrucci, F. Use of Potentially Harmful Skin-
Lightening Products among Immigrant Women in Rome, Italy: A Pilot Study.
Dermatology 2013, 226 (3), 200–206.
2) Boo, Y. C. Human Skin Lightening Efficacy of Resveratrol and Its Analogs:
From in Vitro Studies to Cosmetic Applications. Antioxidants 2019, 8 (9), 332.
3) Kanitakis, J. Anatomy, Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Normal
Human Skin. Eur. J. Dermatol. 2002, 12 (4), 390–401.
4) Jadhav Nandini R. , Jaiswal Roshani, Miss. Sulbha Patil., Formulation and
Evaluation of transparent skin brightening Coffee soap. 2022, Volume 7.
