February_2024 Top 10 Read Articles in Computer Networks & Communications.pdf

February 2024: Top
10 Read Articles in
Computer Networks
& Communications
International Journal of Computer
Networks& Communications (IJCNC)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijcnc.html
(Scopus, ERA Listed, WJCI Indexed)
Scopus Cite Score 2022—1.8
ISSN 0974 - 9322 (Online); 0975 - 2293 (Print)
Citations, h-index, i10-index

REAL TIME WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING APPLICATION
USING MOBILE DEVICES
Amna Abdullah, Asma Ismael, Aisha Rashid, Ali Abou-ElNour, and Mohammed Tarique
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ajman University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box
2202, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
ABSTRACT
In the last decade the healthcare monitoring systems have drawn considerable attentions of the
researchers. The prime goal was to develop a reliable patient monitoring system so that the
healthcare professionals can monitor their patients, who are either hospitalized or executing their
normal daily life activities. In this work we present a mobile device based wireless healthcare
monitoring system that can provide real time online information about physiological conditions of
a patient. Our proposed system is designed to measure and monitor important physiological data
of a patient in order to accurately describe the status of her/his health and fitness. In additionthe
proposed system is able to send alarming message about the patient’s critical health data by text
messages or by email reports. By using the information contained in the text or e-mail message the
healthcare professional can provide necessary medical advising. The system mainly consists of
sensors, the data acquisition unit, microcontroller (i.e., Arduino), and software (i.e., LabVIEW).
The patient’s temperature, heart beat rate, muscles, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and ECG
data are monitored, displayed, and stored by our system. To ensure reliabilityand accuracy the
proposed system has been field tested. The test results show that our system is able to measure the
patient’s physiological data with a very high accuracy.
KEYWORDS
ZigBee, remote healthcare, mobile device, patient monitoring, LabView
For More Details: https://airccse.org/journal/cnc/7315cnc02.pdf
Volume Link: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2015.html

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697-701
[12] Xiaoliang Wang ; Qiong Gui ; Bingwei Liu ; Zhanpeng Jin et al (2014), “Enabling Smart
Personalized Healthcare: A Hybrid Mobile-Cloud Approach for ECG Telemonitoring”, IEEE
Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol. 18, No. 3, May, pp. 739 – 745
[13] Dunsmuir, D., Payne, B. ; Cloete, G. ; Petersen, C.(2014), “Development of m-Health
Applications for Pre-eclampsia Triage”, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol.
PP, No. 99, January , pp. 2168-2194

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System of ECG and Human Body Temperature Signals”, IEEE Latin American Transaction,
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tracking and rehabilitation of patients with Alzheimer's”, In the Proceedings of the 15th IEEE
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584
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continuous home monitoring of rehabilitation patient”, In the proceedings of the 35th IEEE Annual
International Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, July 3-7, 2013, Osaka,
pp. 4670-4673
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Abnormal ECG Monitoring System Using Heartbeat Check Map Technique”, In the proceedings
of International Conference on IT Convergence and Security, December 16-18, 2013, Macao, pp.
1-4
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Health System Integrating Patient Monitoring, Status Logging, and Social Sharing”, IEEE Journal
on Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol. 17, No. 1, January , pp. 30-37
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electrocardiogram monitoring system”, In the proceedings of International Conference on
Information and Automation, June 6-8, 2012, Shenyang, pp. 763-767
[21] Mitra, P. ; Poellabauer, C.(2012) ,” Emergency response in smartphone-based Mobile Ad-
Hoc Networks”, In the proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communication, June
10-15, Ottawa, pp. 6091 - 6095
[22] Ospino, M.R. ; Ariza, L.C. ; Rojas, J.G., (2012), ”Mobile system for monitoring
measurements in hypertensive patients”, In the proceedings of the IEEE Colombian
Communication conference, May 16-18, CA, pp. 1-6
[23] Ruipeng Gao ; Liqiong Yang ; Xinyu Wu ; and Tao Wang, (2012) “A phone-based e-health
system for OSAS and its energy issue”, In the proceedings of the International Symposium on
Information Technology in Medicine and Education, August 3-5, 2012, Hokodate, Hokkaido, pp.
682-696
[24] https://www.zigbee.org/

[25] The IEEE 802.15.4 standard available at
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Bluetooth Developer Portal available at
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DYNAMIC ROUTING OF IP TRAFFIC BASED ON QOS PARAMETERS
Martin Kriška1 , Jozef Janitor2 and Peter Fecilak3

1Computer Networks Laboratory, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia 2 Institute of
Computer Technology, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia 3Department of Computers and
Informatics, Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia
ABSTRACT
The article looks into the current state of the art of dynamic routing protocols with respect to
their possibilities to react to changes in the Quality of Service when selecting the best route towards
a destination network. New options that could leverage information about the ever changing QoS
parameters for data communication are analysed and a Cisco Performance Routing solution is
described more in detail. The practical part of this work focuses on a design and implementation
of a test bed that provides a scalable laboratory architecture to manipulate QoS parameters of
different data communications flowing through it. The test bed is used in various use cases that
were used to evaluate Cisco Performance Routing optimization capabilitiesin different scenarios.
KEYWORDS
Performance Routing, PfR, Quality of Service, QoS, Optimized Edge Routing

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25th of October 2013.] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-savage-eigrp-00.
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Indianapolis: Cisco Press, 2010. ISBN 1587058820.
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GPS SYSTEMS LITERATURE: INACCURACY FACTORS AND
EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS
Li Nyen Thin, Lau Ying Ting, Nor Adila Husna and Mohd Heikal Husin
School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Today, Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely used in almost every aspect of our daily life.
Commonly, users utilize the technology to track the position of a vehicle or an object of interest.
They also use it to safely navigate to the destination of their choice. As a result, there are countless
number of GPS based tracking application that has been developed. But, a main recurring issue that
exists among these applications are the inaccuracy of the tracking faced by users and this issue has
become a rising concern. Most existing research have examined the effects that the inaccuracy of
GPS have on users while others identified suitable methods to improve the accuracy of GPS based
on one or two factors. The objective of this survey paper is to identify the common factors that affects
the accuracy of GPS and identify an effective method which could mitigate or overcome most of
those factors. As part of our research, we conducted a thorough examination of the existing factors
for GPS inaccuracies. According to an initial survey that we have collected, most of the respondents
has faced some form of GPS inaccuracy. Among the common issues faced are inaccurate object
tracking and disconnection of GPS signal while using an application. As such, most of the
respondents agree that it is necessary to improve the accuracy of GPS. This leads to another objective
of this paper, which is to examine and evaluate existing methods as well as to identify the most
effective method that could improve the accuracy of GPS.
KEYWORDS
GPS, accuracy factors, improve accuracy, global positioning system
For More Details: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V8N2/8216cnc11.pdf

REFERENCES
[1] Lin, J.Y, Yang, B.K., Tuan A.D., and Chen, H.C. (2013). “The Accuracy Enhancement of GPS
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for personal navigation assistants”. Transportation Research Part C, No. 8, 2000, pp. 91-108.
CONTAINERIZED SERVICES ORCHESTRATION FOR EDGE
COMPUTING IN SOFTWARE-DEFINED WIDE AREA NETWORKS
Felipe Rodriguez Yaguache and Kimmo Ahola
5G Networks & Beyond, Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Espoo, Finland
ABSTRACT
As SD-WAN disrupts legacy WAN technologies and becomes the preferred WAN technology

adopted by corporations, and Kubernetes becomes the de-facto container orchestration tool, the
opportunities for deploying edge-computing containerized applications running over SD-WAN are
vast. Service orchestration in SD-WAN has not been provided with enough attention, resulting in the
lack of research focused on service discovery in these scenarios. In this article, an in-house service
discovery solution that works alongside Kubernetes’ master node for allowing improved traffic
handling and better user experience when running micro-services is developed. The service
discovery solution was conceived following a design science research approach. Our research
includes the implementation of a proof-ofconcept SD-WAN topology alongside a Kubernetes cluster
that allows us to deploy custom services and delimit the necessary characteristics of our in-house
solution. Also, the implementation's performance is tested based on the required times for updating
the discovery solution according to service updates. Finally, some conclusions and modifications are
pointed out based on the results, while also discussing possible enhancements.
KEYWORDS
SD-WAN, Edge computing, Virtualization, Kubernetes, Containers, Services
REFERENCES
[1] Padhy, R., Patra, M., Satapathy, S. Virtualization Techniques & Technologies: State-of-The-Art.
Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 2018, vol. 2, nro.12. ISSN: 2229-371X. Available
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264884756_VIRTUALIZATION_TECHNIQUES_TEC
HN OLOGIES_STATE-OF-THE-ART.
[2] Horrel, J., Karimullah, A. SD-WAN Set to Transform WAN in Australia. IDC Custom Solutions,
Framingham, 2017.
[3] Jakma, P. Quagga Routing Software Suite. Quagga Routing Suite. Visited: 15.02.2019. Available
at: https://www.quagga.net/
[4] Open Network Operating System (ONOS). ONOS features. Open Networking Foundation & The
Linux Foundation, San Francisco, 2019. Visited 15.02.2019. Available at:

https://onosproject.org/features/
[5] Open Networking Foundation. Atomix. Open Networking Foundation. Visited 15.02.2019.
Available at: https://atomix.io/docs/latest/user-manual/introduction/what-is-atomix/
[6] Kubernetes. DNS for services and pods. The Linux Foundation, San Francisco, 2019. Visited
15.02.2019. Available at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/
[7] Kubernetes. Access services running on clusters. The Linux Foundation, San Francisco, 2019.
Visited 15.02.2019. Available at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/access-cluster-
services/
[8] MetalLB Metal Load-Balancer (MetalLB). Google. Visited 15.02.2019. Available at:
https://metallb.universe.tf/
[9] Stanford-Clark, A., Nipper, A. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). Organization
for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). Visited 15.02.2019. Available
at: http://mqtt.org
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Defined Networking. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16,1955–1980. URL:
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10.1109/COMST.2014.2320094.
[11] Kreutz, D., Ramos, F.M.V. , Esteves Verissimo, P., Esteve Rothenberg, C., Azodolmolky, S.,
Uhlig, S., 2015. Software-Defined Networking: A Comprehensive Survey. Proceedings of the IEEE
103,14– 76. URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6994333/,
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2014.2371999.
[12] Taleb, T., Samdanis, K., Mada, B., Flinck, H., Dutta, S., & Sabella, D. (2017). On Multi-Access
Edge Computing:A Survey of the Emerging 5G Network Edge Cloud Architecture and
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[14] Miao, Rui., Hongyi, Zeng., Changhoon, Kim., Jeongkeun, Lee., Minlan, Yu. SilkRoad: Making
Stateful Layer-4 Load Balancing Fast andCheap Using Switching ASICs. Association for Computing
Machinery’s Special Interest Group on Data Communications (SIGCOMM), 2017, DOI:
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[16] Ranganathan, R. A highly available and scalable microservice architecture for access
management. Aalto University, 2018. Available at:
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[17] Rodriguez Yaguache F., Ahola K. Enabling Edge Computing Using Container Orchestration
and Software Defined Wide Area Networks. 9th International Conference on Computer Science,
Engineering and Applications (CCSEA 2019), 353-372. ISBN: 978-1-925953-05-3. Available at:
http://aircconline.com/csit/papers/vol9/csit90930.pdf
A SECURE DATA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING CRYPTOGRAPHY
AND STEGANOGRAPHY
Saleh Saraireh
Department of Communications and Electronic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman,
Jordan
ABSTRACT
The information security has become one of the most significant problems in data communication.
So it becomes an inseparable part of data communication. In order to address this problem,
cryptography and steganography can be combined. This paper proposes a secure communication
system. It employs cryptographic algorithm together with steganography. The jointing of these
techniques provides a robust and strong communication system that able to withstand against
attackers. In this paper, the filter bank cipher is used to encrypt the secret text message, it provide
high level of security, scalability and speed. After that, a discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) based
steganography is employed to hide the encrypted message in the cover image by modifying the
wavelet coefficients. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using peak signal to noise
ratio (PSNR) and histogram analysis. The simulation results show that, the proposed system provides
high level of security.
KEYWORDS
Steganography, Cryptography, DWT, Filter bank, PSNR

REFERENCES
[1] Obaida Mohammad Awad Al-Hazaimeh, (2013) "A New Approach for Complex Encrypting and
Decrypting Data" International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.5,
No.2.
[2] Katzenbeisser, S. and Petitcolas, F.A.P. 2000, Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography
and Digital Watermarking. Artech House, Inc., Boston, London.
[3] Xinpeng Zhang and Shuozhong Wang, (2005), "Steganography Using MultipleBase Notational
System and Human Vision Sensitivity", IEEE signal processing letters, Vol. 12, No. 1.
[4] Jarno Mielikainen, (2006), "LSB Matching Revisited", IEEE signal processing letters, Vol. 13,
No. 5.
[5] Piyush Marwaha, Paresh Marwaha, (2010), "Visual Cryptographic Steganography in images",
IEEE, 2nd International conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies.
[6] G.Karthigai Seivi, Leon Mariadhasan and K. L. Shunmuganathan, (2012), " Steganography Using
Edge Adaptive Image " IEEE, International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical
Technologies.
[7] Hemalatha S, U Dinesh Acharya, Renuka A and Priya R. Kamath, (2012), " A Secure and High
Capacity Image Steganography Technique", Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal
(SIPIJ) Vol.4, No.1.

[8] Tong L.and Zheng-ding, Q, (2002), "DWT-based color Images Steganography Scheme", IEEE
International Conference on Signal Processing, 2:1568-1571.
[9] Mandal J.K. and Sengupta M., (2010), “Authentication/Secret Message Transformation Through
Wavelet Transform based Subband Image Coding (WTSIC).”, Proceedings of International
Symposium on Electronic System Design, IEEE Conference Publications, pp 225 – 229.
[10] Septimiu F. M., Mircea Vladutiu and Lucian P., (2011),"Secret data communication system
using Steganography, AES and RSA", IEEE 17th International Symposium for Design and
Technology in Electronic Packaging.
[11] H. Tian, K. Zhou, Y. Huang, D. Feng, J. Liu, (2008), "A Covert Communication Model Based
on Least Significant Bits Steganography in Voice over IP", IEEE The 9th International Conference
for Young Computer Scientists, pp. 647-652.
[12] Y. Huang, B. Xiao, H. Xiao, (2008), "Implementation of Covert Communication Based on
Steganography", IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia
Signal Processing, pp. 1512-1515.
[13] Cheddad, A, Condell, Joan, Curran, K and McKevitt, Paul,(2008), "Securing Information
Content using New Encryption Method and Steganography", IEEE Third International Conference
on Digital Information Management.
[14] Rasul E., Saed F. and Hossein S, (2009), " Using the Chaotic Map in Image Steganography",
IEEE, International Conference on Signal Processing Systems.
[15] Majunatha R. H. S. and Raja K B, (2010), "High Capacity and Security Steganography using
Discrete Wavelet Transform", International Journal of Computer Science and Security (IJCSS), Vol.
3: Issue (6) pp 462-472.
[16] Saraireh S. and Benaissa M., (2009), “A Scalable Block Cipher Design using Filter Banks and
Lifting over Finite Fields” In IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Dresden,
Germany.
[17] El Safy, R.O, Zayed. H. H, El Dessouki. A, (2009), “An adaptive steganography technique based
on integer wavelet transform,” ICNM International Conference on Networking and Media
Convergence, pp 111-117.

VISUALIZE NETWORK ANOMALY DETECTION BY USING K-MEANS
CLUSTERING ALGORITHM
A. M. Riad1
, Ibrahim Elhenawy2
, Ahmed Hassan3
and Nancy Awadallah1
1
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Mansoura University, Egypt
2
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems ,Zagazig University, Egypt
3
Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University , Egypt
ABSTRACT
With the ever increasing amount of new attacks in today’s world the amount of data will keep
increasing, and because of the base-rate fallacy the amount of false alarms will also increase. Another
problem with detection of attacks is that they usually isn’t detected until after the attack has taken
place, this makes defending against attacks hard and can easily lead to disclosure of sensitive
information. In this paper we choose K-means algorithm with the Kdd Cup 1999 network data set to
evaluate the performance of an unsupervised learning method for anomaly detection. The results of
the evaluation showed that a high detection rate can be achieve while maintaining a low false alarm
rate .This paper presents the result of using k-means clustering by applying Cluster 3.0 tool and
visualized this result by using TreeView visualization tool .
KEYWORDS
Intrusion detection, Clustering, K-means, Kdd Cup 99, Cluster 3.0, Visualization, TreeView

REFERENCES
[1] J. F. Nieves ,"Data Clustering for Anomaly Detection in Network Intrusion Detection "
,Research Alliance in Math and Science , August, pp.1-12, 2009 .
[2] L. Portnoy , E. Eskin , S. Stolfo , " Intrusion detection with unlabeled data using clustering",
In Proceedings of ACM CSS Workshop on Data Mining Applied to Security (DMSA-2001) ,
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[3] E.Eskin, A.Arnold, , M. Prerau, L.Portnoy, S. Stolfo, "A geometric framework for
unsupervised anomaly detection: Detecting intrusions in unlabeled data", Applications of Data
Mining in Computer Security(2002), Norwell, MA, USA, Dec., pp. 78–100,2002.
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On the Migration of a Large Scale Network from IPv4 to IPv6 Environment
Muhammad Yeasir Arafat1
, Feroz Ahmed2
and M Abdus Sobhan3
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer
Science, Independent University, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
This work mainly addresses the design a large scale network using dual stack mechanisms. We
focused on the most important theoretical concepts of the IPv6 protocol, such as addressing, address

allocation, routing with the OSPF and BGP protocols and routing protocols performance in dual
stack network using GNS3 and Wireshark simulators. we have a tendency to measure a perfect model
and a true large-scale network atmosphere victimization out there end-to-end activity techniques that
focuses on a large-scale IPv4 and IPv6 backbone and created performance the IPv4 and IPv6
network. In this paper, we compiled IPv6 address planning in large scale network, performance
statistics of each network in terms of TCP throughput, delay jitters, packet loss rate, and round trip
time. It is found that, a minor degradation within the throughput of the TCP, delay jitter, a lower
packet loss rate, and a rather longer round trip time are occurred in a real large scale dual stack
network.
KEYWORDS
IPv6, IPv4, double stack, BGPv4, OSPFv3, ISP, throughput, TCP and RTT
REFERENCES
[1] Tahir Abdullah, Shahbaz Nazeer, Afzaal Hussain, “NETWORK MIGRATION AND
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF IPv4 AND IPv6”, European Scientific Journal, vol. 8, No.5, 2013
[2] Lefty Valle-Rosado, Lizzie Narváez-Díaz, Cinhtia González-Segura and Victor Chi-Pech,
“Design and Simulation of an IPv6 Network Using Two Transition Mechanisms”, IJCSI
International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol.9, No.6, pp: 60-65, Nov. 2012.
[3] Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 6052, 3513, 4291, 6104, http://tools.ietf.org/html/
[4] Febby Nur Fatah, Adang Suhendra , M Akbar Marwan , Henki Firdaus Henki Firdaus ,
“Performance Measurements Analysis of Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6”, Proc. of the Second Intl.
Conference on Advances in Information Technology — AIT, 2013..
[5] Y. Wang, S. Ye, and X. Li, “Understanding Current IPv6 Performance: A Measurement Study”,

10th IEEE Symposium on Computer Communications, June 2005.
[6] Cebrail CIFLIKLI, Ali GEZER and Abdullah Tuncay OZSAHIN, “Packet traffic features of IPv6
and IPv4 protocol traffic, Turk”, J Elec Eng & Comp Science, Vol.20, No5, pp: 727-749, 2012
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Addisonwisely professional computer series, Pearson Education, 2012

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND MONITORING OF VARIOUS
ADVANCED DIGITAL MODULATION AND MULTIPLEXING
TECHNIQUES OF F.O.C WITHIN AND BEYOND 400 GB/S.
Sumant Ku. Mohapatra, Ramya Ranjan Choudhury, Rabindra Bhojray and Pravanjan Das
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Trident Academy of
Technology, B.P.U.T, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
ABSTRACT
To achieve better calculative performance in optical fiber communication and for simplicity of
implementation different digital modulation, detection and multiplexing techniques are used.
These techniques maximize the spectral efficiency. This paper reviews a tabular comparative
analysis with 3D graphical representation for different optical digital modulation formats and
multiplexing techniques within and beyond 400 Gb/s. In this particular article we survey about
different parameters related to digital fiber optic communication.
KEYWORDS
OFDM, Digital Modulation formats, Multiplexing techniques, QAM & WDM.
For More Details : https://airccse.org/journal/cnc/6214cnc13.pdf
Volume Link : https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2014.html

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A DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUE FOR WEB PHISHING DETECTION
COMBINED URL FEATURES AND VISUAL SIMILARITY
Saad Al-Ahmadi1
and Yasser Alharbi 2
1
College of Computer and Information Science, Computer Science Department, King Saud
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2
College of Computer and Information Science, Computer
Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
The most popular way to deceive online users nowadays is phishing. Consequently, to increase
cybersecurity, more efficient web page phishing detection mechanisms are needed. In this paper,
we propose an approach that rely on websites image and URL to deals with the issue of phishing
website recognition as a classification challenge. Our model uses webpage URLs and images to
detect a phishing attack using convolution neural networks (CNNs) to extract the most important
features of website images and URLs and then classifies them into benign and phishing pages. The
accuracy rate of the results of the experiment was 99.67%, proving the effectiveness of the
proposed model in detecting a web phishing attack.
KEYWORDS
Phishing detection, URL, visual similarity, deep learning, convolution neural network.

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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF DSCP MARKINGS' IMPACT ON
VOIP QOS IN HFC NETWORKS
Shaher Daoud and Yanzhen Qu
School of Computer Science, Colorado Technical University, Colorado Springs, USA
ABSTRACT
Various factors can have a significant degrading impact on the residential Voice over Internet
Protocol (VoIP) phone services’ quality. Hybrid fibre- coaxial (HFC) networks typically carry three
types of traffic that include voice, data, and video. Unlike data and video, some delays or packet loss
can result in a noticeable degraded impact on a VoIP’s phone conversation. This paper will analyze
and assess VoIP traffic prioritization and its impact on VoIP’s quality of service (QoS) based on the
concept of differentiated services code point (DSCP) markings. Call testing examines two types of
calls. The first set of tests focus on calls that originate from a VoIP network and terminate on a
signalling system 7 (SS7) network. The second experiment focuses on calls that originate from SS7
network and terminate on a VoIP network. The research results provide DSCP markings
configurations that can improve phone conversations’ quality.
KEYWORDS
QoS , VoIP, DSCP Marking , jitter, HFC Network, MOS.

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