Essay On Water Management

Watershed Management Essay
Watershed Management Watersheds are the areas of the Earth's surface that drains downhill to
surface water bodies large or small, watersheds have discrete boundaries established by mountains,
hills and valleys, and include all lakes, rivers, wetlands, streams, and other surrounding landscape.
Watersheds often cross national, state and local borders, watersheds transcend as many political,
social and economic boundaries as they do ecological boundaries. In recent years, significant
progress has been made in achieving cleaner and healthier watersheds that support both aquatic life
and many human uses. I will be discussing what State and Federal Departments are doing to rectify
these problems. I also will be discussing the...show more content...
The amendments also authorized funding sources and technical support for Local State agents to
engage in voluntary source water protection programs. The protection of groundwater is very
important because it serves as a source of drinking water for 95 percent of the population in rural
areas and approximately half of the nation's population. A joint effort by the Department of
Pesticides Regulation (DPR) and the State Water Resource Control Board (State Board), it
describes how DPR and the country agricultural commissioner are working together with the State
Board and the regional boards to protect water from the use of pesticides. DPR and the State Board
have adopted a four–stage approach to minimize the potential for pesticide movement to surface and
groundwaters. . Stage 1: educational out reach. . Stage 2: Self–regarding or cooperative efforts are
used to identify and implement the most appropriate site–specific, reduced–risk practices. This could
include manufacturer–imposed labeled changes and stewardship programs in the region or statewide.
. Stage 3: Restricted material used permit requirements, regulations, and other authorities used. .
Stage 4: If necessary, the State and Regional Boards will enforce additional water
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Water Conservation Essay
One of the items people, animals, and our environment cannot live without is water. Water is
extremely vital in the everyday life of everyone in the world from everyday life of drinking,
washing clothes, animals, grains, cleaning, and so many other uses that eliminating water would
eliminate our species as we all depend on the necessity of water. "The water footprint refers to the
volumes of water consumption and pollution that are 'behind' your daily consumption". (Network,
2010) If an average American uses approximately 80–100 gallons of water per day then an average
American needs to change their ways and contribute to a better water footprint. Water is critical for
ecological systems and the health of humans. Animals or plants...show more content...
Examples of products and water is that the "global average water footprint: 15500 liters of water
per kg of beef" and the "global average water footprint: 2400 liters of water for one hamburger!"
(Network, 2010) Understanding the amount of water our world uses is imperative as there are many
consequences to follow globally.
The global consequences of using so much water are that globally we are in a water crisis. The
demand for water is always a necessity and as population increases the need for water increases. The
lack of safe drinking water and sanitation varies from country to country. "More than one out of
six people lack access to safe drinking water, namely 1.1 billion people, and more than two out of
six people lack adequate sanitation, namely 2.6 billion people. 2900 children die every day from
water borne diseases". (Council, 2009) Not only is there a crisis with consumption of water for
people but also it is critical that humans reduce the amount of water they use for industrial and
agricultural development in order not to effect the aquatic ecosystems and their species. "Water
covers almost 70 percent of the surface of the globe and is the Earth's most abundant resource.
About 97 percent of the water is the oceans and is too salty for drinking, growing crops, and most
other human resources". (Frederick, 2004)
Since globally there is a water crisis, it is important to conserve as much water as possible every
day. Not only understanding how I

Essay On Water Supply System
In a recent proposal the state of California has decided we need to take further action into protecting
our water reliability. Officials are suggesting that we should spend $20–50 billion into creating a two
new tunnels known as the California WaterFix system from the Sacramento River to the Delta
pumping plants in the Southern Delta, with funding being allocated from both agricultural and
urban users. Although there are some benefits from creating a new water project, it would have far
more negative externalities when it comes to economical, environmental, and corrupt agribusinesses.
To invest in a completely new water supply system is economically unreasonable. The total costs to
build the tunnels could go over $20–50 billion,...show more content...
The California Waterfix proponents often mention that building the new tunnels will be safer and
more reliable towards the fisheries and the ocean outflows. However, the co–plan Bay Delta
Conservation Plan is deceitful in its true intentions. By shifting the Sacramento River with the flow
of fresh water, it would lead to an even greater rise in sea levels along with climate change. By
focusing our investments into restructuring the current Delta levees with an increase in outflows and
state of the art fish screens, it would preserve the endangered marine life. Also, there is an ongoing
fear within Southern California residents with the topic of earthquakes, finding comfort with the
"reliability" of the new Waterfix systems. In the case of the surrounding areas of the Delta, it's almost
impossible for the system to be completely protected against water breaks. Investing in new tunnels
won't change anything in how our system will put up against a natural disaster. The main audience
that benefits from building the new Waterfix system are the agribusinesses and oil companies. In
particular, the Kern County Water Agency, Metropolitan Water District, and the Westlands Water
District are big proponents in building the tunnels for their own personal gain, even though they
already receive plenty of water from the Bay Delta. Instead of paying directly for the regulation of
the WaterFix tunnels, taxpayer money would subsidize water for private

Components of Sustainable Water Resources Management п‚· Data Base Improvement п‚·
Modelling Technology п‚· Sustainability Criteria п‚· Spatial Analysis Procedure п‚· Decision
Support Systems Data Base Improvement Availability of reliable data on hydro–climatic patterns,
water demands, spatial and temporal characteristics of surface water and sub–surface water bodies is
essential for sustainable development of available water resources. Demand management and
adaptation are essential components for improving project flexibility to mitigate with changing
environmental conditions. Water use formulations should be based on the terrain data, available
water resources, performance of existing water reservoirs and allied factors. Modelling Technology
Modelling helps in establishing scientific understanding abd to integrate the various components and
processes involved in the surface water and sub–surface water systems. Modelling helps in planning,
design, management and operation of complex water resource systems. It acts as a bridge for
knowledge transfer between researchers and the policy makers as a basis for testing different
scenarios and to integrate planning and management strategies. Sustainability Criteria Sustainable
water resources systems are those designed and managed to meet the present demand without posing
a threat to the future water availability, while maintaining the ecological, environmental and
hydrological integrity. Conjunctive use of surface water and sub–surface

Essay On Integrated Water Management
New Changes Experts have generated many experiments in order to help the world establish a
better living environment. In the online article, Reducing sewer corrosion through integrated urban
water management, it talks about how there is one way cities try to pick up wastewaters that is
through the sewer system, take all the dirty waste. These pipes are set up all around the city to
transport this water quickly and effectively throughout the city, this helps the city stay a bit cleaner
and help physically by reducing health problems for the whole population. However, having all
these pipes around the cities is very expensive, but it is worth the money since it is keeping our
cities clean. Sulfide is a type of concrete that the sewer...show more content...
alone". With this said, they are showing us that it was a great improvement for all big cities,
however now its causing them to lose more money than making any profits. That is why they are
trying to convince them to switch to sulfate–free coagulants. Meaning that expenses would be
reduced as well as the cost of corrosion and the damages it caused. Scientists are just trying to look
for the best option to help with the clean drinking water process so everything can work smoothly. All
authors mention that, "There are three ways for sewages to have sulfate industrial or human waste
discharge, sulfate added as counter ions of aluminum, iron salts used as coagulants in water treatment
," for water drinking production. The coagulants is what is added to the water to make it clean
and drinkable as well as it makes it safe to drink and not cause any diseases, most likely sulfate
and chloride and also referred as aluminum and iron are the salts used which make water very
clean. In this research chemistry is being used because of the iron salts and aluminum as well as
sulfate and chloride these are the elements being used as well as ions, meaning chemistry is
involved in the purification of drinking water and when taking the water wastes. Some methods they
did were tested in Queensland, Australia in a state where sulfate is also used as a

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Water Management
Lack of enforcement This is another obstacle as enforcement of agreements is very important if
one plans to make the programmes successful. Inability in successful enforcement and
implementation also weakens the credibility of governments and does not create any incentive for
compliance by the authorities or by the public in general. After years of dispute among the CAS,
two agreements were signed in 1996 and 1997 with an aim to arrive at equitable water sharing
solution and to use the water flow of Syr Darya to produce energy. Absence of compliance and
inefficient enforcement is also a result of administrative problems in the institutions of these CAS.
In all this implementation suffers. There is no supervisory authority to keep a check on
maladministration, no surprise inspections, no imposition of fines if implementation not done
properly. No real power has been provided to water bodies for monitoring. 164 Beatrice Mosello
Given all the dispute related to water sharing we can sum up that this has been a bone of contention
among the CAS, thus prohibiting a concrete foundation for close...show more content...
Benefits from a well– structured institutional framework consisting of Heads of states, high level
ministries, top officials, advisory bodies and setting up of national offices will go a long way for
negotiating solutions. Some form of a permanent water commission meeting at regular periods will
also be helpful as it will determine the best use of water flow in the international river basins.
Production of electricity as well as use of water for irrigation by the CAS can be shared through
proper and equitable allocation of water which will be arrived through dialogue and discourse among
the CAS. Also environmental impact assessment can be done such commissions thus a
comprehensive solution can be arrived at (Lindermann

Storm Water Pollution 1.Introduction Freshwater is a valuable resource that is required for
people to survive. Only 1% of the freshwater on the planet is available for human use (National
Geographic, 2015). Therefore water is a precious resource however human actions such as
farming and pollution are degrading freshwater sources. This report seeks to find out how
Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) contributes to Storm Water pollution and other issues
related to Storm Water. Firstly it will look at how urbanisation and the expansion of the
university contribute to storm water issues. Next it will analyse the role humans, and particularly
students and staff of VUW play in the polluting storm water. Finally it will examine ways in
which VUW can make changes toward making sure the Storm Water in the Wellington region
does not pollute streams and rivers where storm water is discharged. 2.Problem: In Wellington
there is a large supply of fresh water from lakes, rivers and aquifers which means fresh water
management is not an issue that is very prevalent in the public domain. The high availability of
these water sources however is leading social culture that takes freshwater for granted. In many
cases it is not the amount of water or even how people use it that is the issue. The biggest problem
with Wellington Fresh Water Resources is the way in which it is degraded. As this report is
focussing on VUW, which is situated in an urban area, it is the impact of urban activity

The Water Crisis and Solutions Essay
There is a global shortage of drinking water. A person might wonder how this can be if seventy
percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. Most of the Earth's water is unsuitable for human
consuption. Ocean water is salt water, which makes up 97.5% of all water on the planet. Freshwater
is only 3.5% of all the water on Earth. Drinking water is sourced from bodies of freshwater.
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all
freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most
of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is
not economically feasible to extract this waster...show more content...
Instead of increasing the supply of water to meet demand, a more viable method of addressing the
water crisis is to manage consumption. The world population continues to grow, and trying to
increase the supply of water is risky at best and usually costs exorbitant amounts of money, making
this option available only to wealthy or economically developed countries. Therefore, controlling the
use of water in municipalities or having a national policy of water conservation would allow the
world's supply of freshwater to better sustain itself through rainfall and other methods. Conserving
water also saves energy, and energy is needed to treat, transport, and heat freshwater.
For water–saving programs to succeed, however, several things must be in place. The water saving
program implemented by the city of Zaragoza in Spain highlights some basic actions required for
such a program to succeed. Firstly, "rather than being a collection of fragmented, individual
initiatives, the setting up of the Zaragoza Water Commission allowed the effective coordination of
consultation, implementation and evaluation of different activities, with the aim of achieving a
common goal." (Water demand management, 2010) Secondly, the goal of reducing water use by all
types of consumers requires the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders. Working closely with
stakeholder representatives allows the identification of realistic and acceptable water

Thesis Statement On Water Scarcity
Rough Draft
Thesis statement: The world is on its way for a water shortage. Water is considered as an essential
for human existence. We all can survive without food for some day but no one can live without
water at least two days. Human body consists of 70% percent of water and our globe is covered
by 69.9% percent of water. But unfortunately the useable fresh water is just 2.5% out of it. Water is
a social good, water is an economic good, water has ecological value and water has religious, moral
and cultural value.
If there is magic on this planet, it is contained in water – Loren Eisely, The Immense Journey Water
scarcity is a consequence of imbalances between resource...show more content...
Economic relations and resource management, 2. Ideology and culture including the way people
think about the environment and water rights, 3.political agents like the state, transnational actors
and organizations involved in water disputes and trade 4.the transnational social movements which
endorse and resist water privatization, and 5.the power relations which engender unequal access to
safe water (Bywater, 2008).
Till taught by pain, men really know not what good water's worth – Lord Byron, "Don Juan".
Reference List
п‚§Bywater, K. (2008). Globalization, privatization, and the crisis of sustainability: Examining the
global water crisis. Conference Papers –– American Sociological Association, 1.
п‚§Manzoor, K. P. (2011). The global water crisis: Issues and solutions. IUP Journal of
Infrastructure, 9(2), 34–43.
п‚§Solving the global water crisis moves beyond the technical feasibility stage.(2011). Trends
Magazine, (104), 19–24.
п‚§Priscoli, J. D. & Wolf, A. T. (2009). Managing and Transforming Water Conflicts: USA:
Cambridge University Press.
п‚§Hicks, J. Arii, K. Rothman, S. (2012). Taking sides: Selected articles for discussion. Singapore:
McGraw–Hill companies

Integrated Water Resources Management
There have been several interpretations as well as critisms with the concept of Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM). For instance, Biswas (2008) criticize that the concept cannot be
implemented operationally. However, Mitchell B (2004) finds it to be greater at the normative
(what ought to be) and strategic (what can be) level which may result to the provision of different
framework for different types of approaches.
Placht (2007) said that IWRM is a principle intended as guide in project planning. However, the
widely used definition of IWRM is the one formulated by Global Water Partnership (GWP) which
defined IWRM as "a process that promotes the co–ordinated development and management of water,
...show more content...
Through IWRM concept, there is a way or process that can be followed in managing water resources,
though not necessarily applicable to all countries, and even still with some limitations and questions.
As a progress in water resource management, IWRM improves traditional approaches. In contrast to
the traditional water resources management approach, IWRM scopes and proceeds in an integrated
manner versus sectoral/project focus scope. IWRM approaches problem solving taking into
consideration all related sectors as oppose to traditional that focuses on sectoral need and benefit.
Conflicts are resolved not only within users but within uses too. Finally, with broad participation of
stakeholders as oppose to limited participation only.
In a nutshell, IWRM is a well conceptualized principle backed with well written definition, accepted
and heavily promoted by funding agencies. With this it attracts many doubts and criticism, in its
every aspect. However, if IWRM is too beautiful yet too impossible to implement, what could be the
best or alternative water management approach that could work both for the present and the future?
If IWRM has some gaps and comes with some doubts, cannot it be

Essay on Water Treatment Process
Clean water supply is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy community. There are two
sources of water supply which are the surface water and ground water. Most natural waters are not
suitable for consumption as it is contaminated by pathogens and also natural chemicals and minerals.
In addition, as a city grew, wastes from human activities contaminate most of the water supplies.
Water treatment plays an important role to properly treat a contaminated source of water supply in
order to protect the health of consumers. Water treatment process is defined as a process of
eliminating pollutants from untreated water to produce a biologically and chemically risk–free
water, which is both potable and palatable for human consumption...show more content...
The second step of water treatment process is aeration. At the aerator, raw water is mixed with
air. The aeration process helps to provide oxygen to the raw water which is needed for the
oxidation process of dissolved iron and manganese in order for it to precipitate and therefore
enables its removal through filtration (SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd., n.d.). Wormleaton and Tsang
(2000) stated that for water treatment process and also natural streams, it is essential to maintain a
high amount of dissolved oxygen. Aeration also provides the escape of dissolved gases, such as
carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to reduce the corrosiveness of water, thus controls the tastes
and odors of the water (Shun, 2007). Groundwater with high dissolved carbon dioxide levels or
high concentrations of iron and manganese commonly require aeration as well as water drawn from
reservoirs that is low in dissolved oxygen.
Thirdly, the proceeding water treatment step involves coagulation and flocculation. The objective of
this step is to produce particles of a size that can be easily removed by settlement and filtration.
Coagulation destabilizes the colloidal particles followed by flocculation whereby larger particles
are formed from small particles through collisions. Conley and Evers (as cited in Hendricks, 2006,
p. 277) described coagulation as a process that reduces the surface charge

SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN KENYA
Introduction
With increasing climate change, agriculture which is the backbone of Kenya's economy has been
greatly affected signaling a period of drought in the country. This means that the amount of food
produced has decreased significantly over the years. Water and food are not only a basic need, but
are also centre–piece of sustainable development and a crucial part of poverty alleviation globally
and thus any shortage in these triggers a deficit in development. The Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations defines food security as "when people have physical and
economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and enable an
active and healthy life". In Kenya annually millions of people are exposed to food insecurity,
especially in the Northern part of Kenya and the numbers are expected to increase in coming years.
To prevent such a situation, sustainable management of water and food to achieve security is vital in
the country.
In 2011, the NDMA (National Drought Monitoring Authority) was established to coordinate
structures for drought management, operate an efficient drought early warning system (EWS),
support drought–related policy formulation, coordinate the preparation of risk reduction plans, and
undertake and coordinate the implementation of risk reduction activities; all with a general aim of
achieving food security. Food

New Water Management System Essay
Table of Contents
DetailsPage No
Executive Summary 01
Introduction 02
Feasibility Report03
Segmentation, Targeting, and positioning (STP)04
Marketing Mix (4p's)05
Objective and issue sale forecasting06
Budget plan07
Promotional Budget for six month08
Conclusion 09
Executive Summary
Water irrigation and management system I use in this system new technology...show more content...
By using our system in 40% of water can be saved . The company operates through the use of our
technology, in which wireless devices and sensors. You will be charged a monthly basis compared to
the square footage . Use your own distribution channel and not subcontracting. In the end it will
generate enough revenue to overcome the cost.
Introduction
The water irrigation system with new technology is introduced very low cost that meets all the
requirements of modern irrigation system to facilitate the entire segment of people require. In
Pakistan, farmers using old irrigation system that most benefits are provided. And agriculture plays
an important role in our economy, but there is no improvement in the irrigation system used for
many years and lead to waste water, and also have an impact on crop growth. I am sure that this
system was readily adopted by our customers and can purchase our services, because the system is
profitable. Instead of our old smart irrigation system should be favorable by customers and can
easily afford. Our suppliers are those who buy the sensors and the system network and wireless zig
bee dusting.
Idea of the business
The system should be back in Pakistan. Because in the old irrigation system used Pakistan that result
in the loss of high quality water. Water Management System is a complete–effective, durable, and
cost. Intelligent Irrigation and Water Management System, which allows producers, vineyards, golf
courses,

Essay On Water Management

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Essay On Water Management