It slide about environmental toxicology..

3. Submitted BY
RAVI SHANKAR
PRAJAPAT
M.Sc. FINAL
( ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY)
SESSION 2018 - 2019

4. Content
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Toxins in Environment
→ Natural Made
● Animal Toxicant
● Plant Toxicant
→ Man Made
● Radioactive Toxicant
● Chemical Toxicant
4. Impact on animal life
5. Management
6. Reference

5. Environmental toxicology:-
• Environmental toxicology, is a multidisciplinary field of
science concerned with the study of the harmful effects
of various chemical biological and physical agent on
living organisms.
OR
•The study of poisons/ pollutants and their action on
the environment.

6. History
RACHEL CORSON is considered the mother of
environmental toxicology, as she made it a
distinct field within toxicology in 1962 with
the publication of her book Silent Spring,
which covered the effects of
uncontrolled pesticide use.

7. Toxins in environment
Toxins- A toxin is a poisonous substance produced within
living cells or organisms;synthetic toxicants created by
artificial processes are thus included.
Source:- There are many source of environment toxicity
that can lead to the presence of toxins in our food water
and air.
» Organic pollutant » Inorganic pollutant
» Pesticide » Biological agent

8. Natural made toxicant:-
Animal source:- The least but most serious source;
(Zootoxins) Venomous animal such as scorpion, Spiders,
Snakes, Wasp, Jelly fish, Puffer fish etc.
» Venomous animals deliver or inject venoms into other
organism, using a specialized apparatus of some kind.
» Poisonous animal do not deliver their toxin directly. The
entire body or large part of it, may contain the poisonous
substance.

9. Wasp sting

10. Toxicological effect of animal toxin.

11. Plants source:- (Phytotoxins)
Natural toxins are present in a wide variety of
plants. Some of these plants are commonly consumed as
food. These toxic substances when ingested in significant
amount or when they are not processed appropriately can
be potentially harmful to human health causing food
poisoning.
Different types of natural toxins may be found
in different crop plants and in different parts of a plant.
The parts of a crop plant which may be used as food
sources include the foliage, buds, stems, roots, fruits and
tubers.

12. Common examples of natural toxins in food:-
Glycoalkaoids
Lectins
Cyanogenic glycosides
Trapane alkaloids
Nicotine

13. Lathyrus sativus
Family :- Leguminosae
Common Name :- Grass pea, Indian pea, “Kesari”
Effect on animal life:- Its consumption causes a disabling
neurological disease referred to as lathyrism
Toxicant :- The particular neurotoxins responsible for the
damage were later identified as beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine
(BOAA) and β-oxalyly-L-a-β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP).

14. Datura
Family :- Solanaceae
Common Name:- Dhatura
Effect on Animal life:- Cardiac arrest, Violent behavior,
Blurred vision, giddiness, Confusion,
Hyperthermia, High B.P.
Toxicant:- These seeds and flowers are more
poisonous in nature.
All the part of Datura contain dangerous
level of toxins like Trapan alkoloids
atrapine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine.

15. Man Made Toxicant
These are related to the production and use of energy,
the production
and use of industrial chemicals, and increased
agricultural activity.
• Dumped wastes-
municipal/domestic, industrial wastes, etc.
• Agricultural chemicals and pesticides
(overuse, drift and persistence)
• Radioactive wastes from nuclear stations and
accidental.

16. Industrial Wastes:-
Industries release into the environment a wide
variety of inorganic and organic toxins.
Their harmful effected in ecosystem.
Chemical toxicant

17. Lead:-
Automobiles chief sources of lead.
Inhalation of lead particles generated by burning
materials containing lead, for example, during smelting,
recycling, stripping leaded paint, and using leaded gasoline or
leaded aviation fuel; and
Ingestion of lead-contaminated dust, water (from
leaded pipes), and food (from lead-glazed or lead-soldered
containers).

18. Effect of lead:-
Lead can be harmful to people of all ages, but the risk is
highest for unborn babies, infants and young children (under
five years of age).
Delayed learning, and lower IQ,
Developmental problems with their offspring,
Hypertension,
Renal effects, and
Reproductive problems,
Abnormal social behavior

19. Mercury:-
Most common and toxin in water ecosystem.
It occur in water as monomethyl mercury.
Mercury is considered by WHO as one of the top
ten chemicals or groups of chemicals of major public health
concern.

20. Minamata disease:-
Minamata disease is a Neurological syndrome caused
by severe mercury poisoning.
Minamata disease was first discovered
in Minamata city in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan, in 1956.

21. Pesticide:-
Pesticides are chemical compounds that are used
to kill pests, including insects, rodents, fungi and unwanted
plants (weeds).
Pesticides are used in public health to kill vectors of
disease, such as mosquitoes, and in agriculture, to kill pests
that damage crops.
By their nature, pesticides are potentially toxic to other
organisms, including humans.

22. Most commonly used pesticides:-
DDT
BHC
Chlordane
Aldrin
Dieldrin
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
PCB

23. Impacts of pesticides on health:-
Acute toxicity-
Pesticides can be acutely toxic. This means that
they can cause harmful or lethal effects after one single
episode of ingestion, inhalation or skin contact. The
symptoms are evident shortly after exposure or can
arise within 48 hours. They can present as:
respiratory tract irritation, sore throat and/or cough
allergic sensitization
eye and skin irritation
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
headache, loss of consciousness
extreme weakness, seizures and/or death.

24. Long term (or chronic) toxicity-
Long term pesticide exposure has been linked to the
development –
Parkinson’s disease
asthma
depression and anxiety
cancer, including leukemia
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)