This PowerPoint presentation provides a thorough overview of strategies and protocols for managing hospitalized child, aiming to improve pediatric care and enhance the overall well-being of young patients.

1. HOSPITALIZATION OF THE
CHILD, PREPARATION,
EFFECT OF
HOSPITALIZATION
PRESENTED BY:
Rachel Masih (MSc N)
SJCON

2. OBJECTIVES
Meaning of illness and
hospitalization to child
01
Preparation of
Family, siblings
04
Hospital environment
for a sick child
02
Effects of
hospitalization
05
Preparation of child
for hospitalization
03 Role of nurse
06

3. Introduction
• Hospitalization is an event with
inpredictable and often negative
consequences for children.
• Hospitalization is a significant event
that involves more than merely
staying in a hospital.
• Children and their families have a
variety of emotions, issues, and
transitions to deal with in addition to
health-related issues.

4. DEFINITION
Child Hospitalization is admittance of a child to the hospital
as a patient for treatment or observation or investigative
purpose.

5. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD.
• A child's definition of illness is when they don't feel good physically.
A sore throat, cough, stomachache, or fatigue are some examples of
its symptoms.
• Sometimes the illness is brought on by pathogens, such as bacteria or
viruses.
• When a child is sick, they may require additional attention, rest, and
maybe medication to make them feel better. They might want
assistance from their loved ones and caregivers during this period in
order to return to their typical lively and healthy selves.

6. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
Neptune
INFANT
• Change in familiar routine
and surroundings response
with global reaction.
• Separation from love object.

7. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
TODDLER
• Fear of separation, desertion,
separation anxiety highest in this
age group.
• Relates illness to a concrete
condition, circumstances or
behavior

8. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
PRESCHOOL
• Fear of bodily harm or mutilation,
castration, intrusive procedures.
• Separation anxiety less intense than
toddlers but strong
• Causation same as toddler, often considers
own role in causation i.e illness as a
punishment for wrong doing

9. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
SCHOOL AGE
• Fears physical nature of illness
• Concern regarding separation from age
mates and ability to maintain position in
peer group.
• Perceives an external cause for illness,
although located in body.

10. MEANING OF ILLNESS AND
HOSPITALIZATION TO CHILD
ADOLESCENT
• Anxious regarding loss of independence, control,
identity concern about privacy.
• Perceives malfunctioning organ or process of
illness. Able to explain illness.

11. HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT FOR A SICK CHILD
Hospitalization may be emotionally and developmentally damaging to the
child.
It causes stress due to imbalance between environmental and societal
demands and child’s coping abilities.
 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
 CHANGE IN ROUTINE

12. PREPARATION OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT
1. Nurses warm approach and their concern can help child and his
family to cope up with hospitalization in a positive way.
2. The child and the family should be introduced to the physician, in
charge and other members of health team.
3. The child and family should be acquainted with the ward and places.
4. The child should be made familiar with the equipment.
5. Likes and dislike of the child should be kept in mind

13. PREPARATION OF HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT
1. The environment should be calm and quiet.
2. Parents should be allowed to stay with the child.
3. Parents should be involved in the care.
4. Provision to play and recreation
5. Ward setting should be pleasing and attractive.

14. PREPARING THE CHILD FOR
HOSPITALIZATION
PREPARING THE INFANT
 As the infant cannot understand explanation, preparation has to be minimal.
 Special items such as favorite toy, blanket, should be packed.
PREPARING THE TODDLER AND PRE-SCHOOLER
 Three chief fears of the toddler and pre schooler are fear of unknown, fear od
abandonment and separation and fear of multilation.
 These children need preparation clearly aimed at alleviating these fears. Bringing a
favorite toy can be a help. Child could be encouraged to play with hospital dolls and
toys.

15. PREPARING SCHOOL AGE AND ADOLESCENT
• Both school age and adolescents need factual explanations of what
will happen during hospitalization.
• A hospital orientation program in which facts of hospitalization are
discussed.
• Interact the child with another what had undergone through the
same condition.

16. PREPARING THE CHILD OF A DIFFERENT
CULTURAL BACKGROUND
• Maintain the assurance that proper care will be
provided to the child without differentiation
PREPARING DISABLED AND CHRONICALLY ILL
CHILD
• Help children to maintain a contact with their families
and school, friends during a long hospitalization
period, as they are staying in hospital for long term
care through phone call, letters and open visiting.

17. PREPARING FAMILY/CARE GIVERS
• Planning for hospitalization begins as soon as
possible.
• Easing parenteral anxiety regarding child.
• Orient the parents.
• Advice parents to ask questions
• Answer all queries
• explanation

18. EFFECT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILD
Child may react to the stress of hospitalization before admission, during hospital
and after hospitalization.
INDIVIDUAL RISK FACTORS
• Stressors of hospitalization may cause children to experience short and long
term negative outcome
• Adverse outcome may be related to the length and number of admissions,
multiple invasive procedures and anxiety.
• Emotionally disturbed.

19. BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HOSPITALIZATION
1. Recovery of illness
2. Opportunity for the children to master stress and feel competent in their
coping abilities.
3. Provide new socialization experience
4. Can broaden their interpersonal relationship.

20. IMPACT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILD
CHILD
HOSPITALIZA
TION
IMPACT
DURING
HOSPITALIZATION
STRESS
BEFORE
DISCHARGE
AFTER
DISCHARGE

21. Children reaction to these crisis are influenced by:
1. the developmental age of the child,
2. previous experience with illness,
3. separation from parents,
4. coping skills,
5. seriousness of the diagnosis and
6. support system available.

22. MAJOR STRESSOR OF HOSPITALIZATION INCLUDE:
• Separation
• Loss of control
• Bodily injury and pain
• Fear of unknown

23. SEPARATION:
• Commonly in middle infancy throughtout the pre school years,
especially for children ages 16-30 months.
• PROTEST:
• Reacts aggressively
• Cry and scream for parents
• In-consoable
DENIAL:
• Stop crying
• Depressed
• Less active and not interested in play

24. DETACHMENT/ DENIAL:
• Adjusted to the loss
• Becomes interested with the surroundings
• Forms new relationships

25. LOSS OF CONTROL:
• The major areas of loss of control in terms of
• Physical restriction
• Altered routine or rituals
• Enforced dependency

26. BODILY INJURY AND PAIN:
Reactions to pain at different developmental periods:
INFANTS:
Squirming, writhing, jerking, some infants cry loudly,
where as others are easily calmed by gentle hug.
TODDLERS:
Localize the specific painful area.
PRE SCHOOLER:
physical and verbal aggressions.
SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN:
Fear of illness, disability and death.

27. RESPONSE:
• Sensory deprivation
• Emotionally disturbed
• Sleeping disturbances
• Fears
• Apathy
• Separation anxiety
• Regression

28. Childs reaction to hospitalization
CONDITIONS REACTIONS
ILLNESS THREATS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
SICKNESS PAIN, LONG SLEEPLESS PERIODS,
RESTRICTIONS OF FEEDS AND
RESTRAINT OF MOVEMENT CAUSE
ANXIETY AND ANGER.
SEPARATION EMOTIONAL TARUMA

29. EFFECT OF HOSPITALIZATION ON
FAMILY
1. Break the unity of the family
2. Emotional reaction
3. Feeling of inadequacy
4. Anxiety,
5. Self blame
6. Fear
7. Disappointment
8. Guilt

30. SPECIFIC CAUSE OF PARENTAL ANXIETY:
• Strange environment in the hospital
• Separation from child
• unknown events and outcome
• The suffering of the child.
• Financial obligation
• Society stigma

31. ROLE OF NURSE
1. Emotional support
2. Providing comprehensive information
3. Encouraging parental participation in care

32. EFFECT ON SIBLING
Siblings experience:
• Loneliness,
• fear and worry,
• anger,
• resentment,
• jealously,
• and guilt

33. NURSES ROLE
1. Assessing sibling needs:
2. Creating supportive environment
3. Sibling focused activities
4. Addressing emotional needs.

34. THANK
YOU