3. • An organization refers to a structured
group of people who come together to
achieve common goals or objectives.
• Organizations help us to accomplish
goals which otherwise would be much
more difficult, if not impossible, to
achieve on an individual basis.
Definition
1
WHAT IS
4. Definition
1
WHAT IS
• Formal organizations are “a system of coordinated
activities of a group of people working
cooperatively toward a common goal under
authority and eadership” (Scott and Mitchell as
cited in Nigro 1989).
• Informal organizations, while they exist side by side
with formal ones, are “undocumented and officially
unrecognized relationships between members of an
organization that inevitably emerge out of the
personal and group needs of employees” (Stoner and
Freeman, 1989).
5. STRUCTURAL
Structural
Elements
2
• Men- members of the organization starting from
the very top of the last workman in the
organization.
• Materials- represent the materials necessary in
the distribution of functions or in the attainment
of its objective.
• Machine- the tools necessary in producing its
desired output.
• Methods- the procedures and ways used in the
course of its action.
• Money- the financial resources of the
organization.
6. Definition
3
WHAT IS
• Management involves the coordination of
human and material resources toward the
attainment of organization’s goals (Kast,
1974).
• Managers get things done by working with
people and physical resources to realize
the goals of the organization; they
coordinate and integrate the work and
activities of others (Kast, 1974).
7. Definition
3
WHAT IS
• Management, according to Kast,
has the following elements:
• toward objectives,
• through people,
• via techniques and,
• in an organization.
8. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
is an organizational management activity that is used
to set priorities, focus energy and resources, strengthen
operations, ensure that employees and other
stakeholders are working toward common goals,
establish agreement around intended outcomes/results,
and assess and adjust the organization's direction in
response to a changing environment.
Planning
9. Organizing is the function of management that
involves developing an organizational structure
and allocating human resources to ensure the
accomplishment of objectives. The structure of
the organization is the framework within which
effort is coordinated.
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Organizing
10. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
People are an organization's most important resource, because
people either create or undermine an organization's reputation
for quality in both products and service.
The right staff can carry an organization through a period of
change and ensure its future success. Because of the
importance of hiring and maintaining a committed and
competent staff, effective human resource management is
crucial to the success of all organizations.
Staffing
11. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Directing or Direction function is said to be the heart of
management of process and therefore, is the central
point around which accomplishment of goals take place.
A few philosophers call Direction as “Life spark of an
enterprise”.
Directing
12. Mooney (1953) defines coordination as
& the orderly arrangement of group
effort to provide unity of action in the
pursuit of a common purpose.
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Coordination
13. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Accountability reporting is primary intended to
help management better measure performance
against target, whereas, insight reporting is
focused on providing information to help
management better understand the business and
react tactically and strategically.
Reporting
14. A budget is one of your best tools for
reaching your goals . It’s a plan of what
money you expect to receive and how
you expect to spend it.
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
Budgeting
15. EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM
ORGANIZATION
• Use flexible seating options
to accommodate different
learning styles and
preferences.
• Arrange desks or tables in a
way that promotes
collaboration and engagement.
Seating Arrangement
PERSPECTIVE
• Create designated spaces for
different materials and
supplies.
• Use labels and color-coding
systems to help students
easily find and return
materials.
Material Organization
• Establish clear routines
and expectations for
transitions between
activities.
• Use visual cues and timers
to help students manage
their time effectively.
Time Management
16. MANAGING STUDENT BEHAVIOR
• Clearly communicate
expectations and rules to
students at the beginning of
the school year.
• Establish consistent routines
for daily activities and
transitions.
Establish Rules
PERSPECTIVE
• Recognize and reward positive
behavior to encourage students
to continue making good choices.
• Use a variety of reinforcement
strategies, such as verbal
praise, stickers, or small
rewards.
Positive Reinforcement
• Take a proactive approach by
identifying potential triggers and
implementing preventive strategies.
• Use effective communication
techniques to address challenging
behaviors calmly and respectfully.
Challenging Behavior
17. Creating a Positive
Learning Environment
Creating a Positive
Learning Environment
•Fostering a Sense of
Belonging
•Promoting Student
Engagement
•Creating a Supportive
Classroom Culture
• Create a welcoming and inclusive classroom environment
where all students feel valued and respected.
• Encourage open communication and collaboration among
students to build connections and relationships.
• Design interactive and hands-on activities that
actively involve students in the learning process.
• Provide opportunities for student choice and
autonomy to increase engagem
• Establish clear expectations and rules that promote
a safe and supportive learning environment.
• Encourage a growth mindset and provide
constructive feedback to help students develop
resilience and overcome challenges.
18. IMPORTANCE OF BOTH:
• Collaboration among students fosters
critical thinking, problem-solving skills,
and enhances their ability to work in
teams. It also promotes creativity and
provides opportunities for diverse
perspectives and learning from peers.
Importance of Collaboration
COLLABORATION
• Regularly communicate with parents about
student progress, achievements, and areas for
improvement.
• Use multiple communication channels such as
emails, newsletters, and parent-teacher
conferences.
• Actively listen to parents' concerns and
provide timely feedback and support.
Effective Communication with Parents
19. IMPORTANCE OF BOTH:
• Encourage group projects and activities
that require students to work together.
• Provide clear guidelines and expectations
for collaboration.
• Foster a positive and inclusive classroom
environment that values teamwork and
cooperation.
Strategies in Promoting Collaboration
COLLABORATION
• Collaborate with colleagues to share best
practices, resources, and ideas.
• Engage in professional development activities
together.
• Foster a supportive and collaborative work
environment that encourages open
communication and teamwork.
Collaboration with Colleagues
20. • Assessment plays a crucial role
in teaching as it helps measure
student learning, identify areas
of improvement, and guide
instructional decisions.
Importance of Assessment
ASSESSMENT
• Teachers can use various
assessment methods, such as
quizzes, tests, projects, and
presentations, to evaluate
student understanding and
progress.
Different Assessment Methods
21. • Effective feedback is essential for
student growth. Teachers should
provide specific, actionable
feedback that highlights
strengths and suggests areas for
improvement.
Providing Constructive Feedback
ASSESSMENT
• Assessment data provides
valuable insights into student
performance and understanding.
Teachers can use this data to
tailor instruction, address
individual needs, and track
progress over time.
Using Assessment Data
22. ON ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT
• As a school administrator,
effective management of
school resources is crucial to
ensure the smooth operation
of the institution. This
includes budgeting, staffing,
and facilities management.
Managing School Resources
PERSPECTIVE
• School administrators
collaborate with parents,
community organizations, and
local authorities to foster
positive relationships and
support the school's mission.
Community Engagement
• School administrators are
responsible for managing
the overall operations of a
school, including academic
programs, student
services, and facilities.
School Operations
23. ON ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT
• Implement a comprehensive
anti-bullying policy that
clearly defines what
constitutes bullying and the
consequences for engaging in
such behavior.
Addressing Bullying
PERSPECTIVE
• Foster a sense of belonging
and inclusion by promoting a
positive school culture and
engaging students in
activities that promote
teamwork and empathy.
Promoting Positive Behavior
• School administrators
work collaboratively to
create policies that
address the unique needs
of their students and
promote positive behavior.
Creating Policies
24. ON ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT
• Regular performance
evaluations ensure that staff
members are meeting
expectations and provide
opportunities for feedback
and improvement.
Performance Evaluation
PERSPECTIVE
• Providing ongoing
professional development
opportunities helps staff
members stay current with
best practices and develop
new skills.
Professional Development
• Implementing
mentorship programs
can provide valuable
support and guidance
for staff members.
Mentorship
Editor's Notes
Organization and management is twin terms that exist side by side with each other, each one needs and supports the other. Organizations will be inert and useless if there is no management that will steer it; management will be hollow and
meaningless if there’s no organization to manage.
In the real world of administration, organization and management are essential elements through which human actions and objectives are carried out and accomplished. In a manner of speaking, organization and management become a means to an end.
Government relies on the formal organizations, more popularly known as bureaucracy, to carry out its functions and perform its role in society. Much of government activities are carried out by these organizations which are of varying sizes and functions, scattered all over the country, but all around by a common mission and purpose – that is, to protect and promote the welfare of the people. The familiar usage of bureaucracy has become associated with and often interchanged with government.
Government relies on the formal organizations, more popularly known as bureaucracy, to carry out its functions and perform its role in society. Much of government activities are carried out by these organizations which are of varying sizes and functions, scattered all over the country, but all around by a common mission and purpose – that is, to protect and promote the welfare of the people. The familiar usage of bureaucracy has become associated with and often interchanged with government.
In any organization, absolute harmony is hard to attain and, perhaps, unrealistically achievable. What is more realistically bound to happen is for some conflict to arise. Thus, it is the task of management to integrate the varied elements, be these cooperative or conflictive, into a complete organizational undertaking.
Management is getting the tasks done through people and techniques toward the attainment of objective within the organizational setting.
It is a disciplined effort that produces fundamental decisions and actions that shape and guide what an organization is, who it serves, what it does, and why it does it, with a focus on the future.
Effective strategic planning articulates not only where an organization is going and the actions needed to make progress, but also how it will know if it is successful
The structure is usually represented by an organization chart, which provides a graphic representation of the chain of command within an organization. Decisions made about the structure of an organization are generally referred to as organizational design. The matching of organizational form, such as structure, reporting relationships, and information technology, with the organization’s strategy. Decisions.
After an organization's structural design is in place, it needs people with the right skills, knowledge, and abilities to fill in that structure. In addition, an organization must respond to change effectively in order to remain competitive.
It is also called as on actuating function of management because it is through direction that the operation of an enterprise actually starts.
Coordination is the process of synchronizing activities of various persons in the organization in order to achieve goals. It is undertaken at every level of management.
· Participation: involve as many people as possible in drawing up a budget. Comprehensiveness: embrace the whole organization.
Standards: base it on established
standards of performance.
Flexibility: allow for changing circumstances.
Feedback: constantly monitor performance.
Analysis of costs and revenues: this can be done on the basis of product lines, departments or cost centers.
