2. • Image formation by a particle beam of electrons to
illuminate a specimen and create a highly-magnified
image.
• They have much greater resolving power than light
microscopes that use electromagnetic radiation and can
obtain much higher magnifications of up to 1 million times
De Broglie wavelength of an electron is much smaller
cause greater resolution.
• The electron microscope uses electrostatic and
electromagnetic lenses
• The first electron microscope prototype was built in 1931
by the German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knol
Overview
3. Image formation
• Light rays coming out of an illuminated object
diverge from each point on the object A lens can
be used to refract the rays .
converge them at a different location. This is the
basic mechanism of image formation A lens
changes the angle of beam depending on its
incidence angle and location of entrance on the
lens.
4. A small routine Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) used for biological
work.
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27. Applications
Biology and life sciences
Diagnostic electron microscopy
Cryobiology
Protein localization
Electron tomography
Cellular tomography
Cryo-electron microscopy
Toxicology
Biological production and viral load monitoring
Particle analysis
Pharmaceutical QC
Structural biology
3D tissue imaging
Virology
28. Research
Electron beam-induced deposition
Materials qualification
Materials and sample preparation
Nanoprototyping
Nanometrology
Device testing and characterization
29. Industry
High-resolution imaging
2D & 3D micro-characterization
Macro sample to nanometer metrology
Particle detection and characterization
Direct beam-writing fabrication
Dynamic materials experiments
Sample preparation
Forensics
Mining (mineral liberation analysis)
Chemical/Petrochemical